A Little Review: The Atomic Number is equal to the # of protons, which also equals the # of...
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A Little Review:
• The Atomic Number is equal to the # of protons, which also equals the # of electrons
• The Atomic Mass is calculated using the formula protons + neutrons
•Both protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus
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•protons p+ neutrons n0 electrons e-
• Electrons are found moving around in the cloudlike region outside of the nucleus
• 18 Groups (top to bottom) aka “Families”• 7 Periods (right to left, like reading)
• 3 types of Elements Metals, Metalloids, Nonmetals
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ElectronsDetermining Shells and Valence Electrons
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Electrons are negatively charged particles that are found moving outside of the nucleus
e- are 2000x smaller than p+ and n0
Electrons are found in shells
Electrons in the outer most shell are called:Valence Electrons
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Periods determine the # of Shells
1st Period = 1 Shell2nd Period = 2 Shells3rd Period = 3 Shells4th Period = 4 Shells
•The elements in each period have the same number of shells
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Groups determine Valence e-
•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
Group 1 = 1 electronGroup 2 = 2 electrons
Group 8 = 8 electrons
Exception He, it has 2 electrons3, 4, 5, 6, 7
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The Magic Numbers to Remember
2 - 8 - 8 1st shell can hold a max of 2e-
2nd shell 8e- 3rd shell 8e- … 2-8-8
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Determine the number of shells and the number of valence e- for:
Carbon, C
2nd Period = 2 shells
4th Group = 4 valence e-
www.chem4kids.com
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Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:
Sodium, Na
3rd Period = 3 shells
1st Group = 1 valence electron
Na is Atomic #11, p=e, so there are also 11 electrons
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Name the Element:
# of Shells = ________
# of Val. e- = ________
Name ______________
Symbol _____
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Name the Element:
# of Shells = ________
# of Val. e- = ________
Name ______________
Symbol _____
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Starter #
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Starter #