A Little History Psychology 1106. A little History Before the beginning of science (mid 1600s)...
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Transcript of A Little History Psychology 1106. A little History Before the beginning of science (mid 1600s)...
A little HistoryA little History
Before the beginning of science (mid Before the beginning of science (mid 1600s) psychology was clearly in the 1600s) psychology was clearly in the domain of the philosophersdomain of the philosophers
Indeed, all sciences wereIndeed, all sciences were Physics was the first to leave the Physics was the first to leave the
nestnest Then chemistryThen chemistry BiologyBiology Finally, usFinally, us
AristotleAristotle
Believed that the Believed that the heart was the seat heart was the seat of behaviourof behaviour
He noted the He noted the importance of the importance of the brain (but it was for brain (but it was for cooling blood he cooling blood he figured)figured)
British EmpiricistsBritish Empiricists
Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)(1588-1679)
Contents of mind Contents of mind rest on experiencerest on experience
John Locke (1632-John Locke (1632-1704)1704)
‘‘white paper’ or white paper’ or tabula rasatabula rasa
Rene DescartesRene Descartes
Descartes said that Descartes said that we were machines we were machines with a soulwith a soul
The notion was The notion was that the mind and that the mind and the body were the body were separateseparate
Animals have no Animals have no soulsoul
And yadda yadda yadda….And yadda yadda yadda….
By the 19By the 19thth century people were century people were talking about psychologytalking about psychology
Still the philosophers held swayStill the philosophers held sway Last half of the 19Last half of the 19thth century changed century changed
thisthis The zeitgeist of the time changedThe zeitgeist of the time changed
What the hell does zeitgeist mean?What the hell does zeitgeist mean?
I don’t speak freaky deaky Dutch Mr. I don’t speak freaky deaky Dutch Mr. GoldmemberGoldmember
The spirit of historyThe spirit of history The enlightenment of the 18The enlightenment of the 18thth
century was affecting the common century was affecting the common personperson
Science and technology could explain Science and technology could explain everythingeverything
GesundheitGesundheit
Even the origins of Even the origins of humanity could be humanity could be explained without explained without appealing to appealing to religion!religion!
Charles Darwin and Charles Darwin and the Origin of the Origin of SpeciesSpecies
So like you could So like you could figure out anything figure out anything with science!!with science!!
Wilhelm WundtWilhelm Wundt
1879 Leipzig1879 Leipzig Established his lab Established his lab
at the University of at the University of LeipzigLeipzig
Studied Studied psychophysicspsychophysics
Many of those Many of those methods are still methods are still used todayused today
William JamesWilliam James
Published his Published his ‘Principles of ‘Principles of Psychology’ in Psychology’ in 18901890
Lots of Lots of introspectionintrospection• Looking into Looking into
yourselfyourself Got lots of stuff Got lots of stuff
rightright
John B. Watson and BehaviourismJohn B. Watson and Behaviourism
Became president of Became president of the APA in 1915the APA in 1915
A reaction against A reaction against introspectionintrospection
For Watson and his ilk, For Watson and his ilk, introspection was a introspection was a very bad thingvery bad thing
Turning psychology Turning psychology back into philosophyback into philosophy
BehaviourismBehaviourism BF Skinner and Ivan BF Skinner and Ivan
PavlovPavlov Consciousness is an Consciousness is an
epiphenomenonepiphenomenon Only concerned with Only concerned with
the observablethe observable Skinner really became Skinner really became
the spokesman for this the spokesman for this view, Pavlov was view, Pavlov was notnot a behaviourista behaviourist
Skinner had a huge Skinner had a huge hold on psychological hold on psychological thinking in North thinking in North AmericaAmerica
Meanwhile in Europe….Meanwhile in Europe….
FreudFreud• BooooooooBoooooooo• Dirty old man crack Dirty old man crack
head from Viennahead from Vienna• PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis• It is all about sex, It is all about sex,
With your mother….With your mother….
Those wacky Europeans, they are Those wacky Europeans, they are so, Europeanso, European
PiagetPiaget• Child developmentChild development
LorenzLorenz• ImprintingImprinting
KohlerKohler• Insight learningInsight learning
Gestalt psychologyGestalt psychology Clearly different Clearly different
from Behaviourismfrom Behaviourism
Cognitive RevolutionCognitive Revolution This stuff, and a lot of This stuff, and a lot of
interesting data interesting data (especially HM) lead to (especially HM) lead to the idea that we the idea that we should be more should be more concerned about concerned about thinkingthinking
Brenda MilnerBrenda Milner• She is the one on the She is the one on the
left…left… The cognitive The cognitive
revolution hit every revolution hit every part of psychologypart of psychology
More recent developmentsMore recent developments Brain imagingBrain imaging
• PET fMRIPET fMRI• Watch people think!Watch people think!
ComputersComputers• Modeling and AIModeling and AI
Now we are splitting up into cognitive Now we are splitting up into cognitive science, neuroscience and AIscience, neuroscience and AI
Many old ideas have been rediscoveredMany old ideas have been rediscovered• Species differencesSpecies differences• Ideas about memoryIdeas about memory• Going through stagesGoing through stages
In CanadaIn Canada
Psychology has always been strong Psychology has always been strong in Canadain Canada
First lab in Canada was in 1890 at U First lab in Canada was in 1890 at U of Tof T• James Mark BaldwinJames Mark Baldwin
Research in Canada is funded by Research in Canada is funded by NSERC, SSHRC and CIHRNSERC, SSHRC and CIHR
Many big names are from CanadaMany big names are from Canada
BanduraBandura TulvingTulving HebbHebb MilnerMilner BaldwinBaldwin CraikCraik LockhartLockhart ShettleworthShettleworth
RobertsRoberts MacLoedMacLoed PaivioPaivio PylishynPylishyn KolbKolb WishawWishaw HonigHonig StaddonStaddon
The most cited psychology Department in the WORLD is U of T