A Linguistic Approach for Multilingual Machine Translation System

Fahima Bouzit & Mohamed Tayeb LaskriFahima Bouzit & Mohamed Tayeb LaskriRencontres sur la Recherche en Informatique

june 12-14, 2011

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PLAN

Introduction

Analysis Levels

Machine Translation

Proposed Approach:

Fillmore Theory

Conceptual Dependency

Semantic Traits of Chafe

Frame Based Representation

Conclusion & Perspectives

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Introduction

Language

Natural Language Processing(NLP)

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Introduction

Linguistic Approaches

Probabilistic (Statistical) Approaches

NLP Schools

Analysis Levels

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IntroductionAnalysis Levels

Morphology ;

Syntax ;

Semantic ;

Pragmatic ;

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Machine Translation

Machine Translation

Translation

Source language

Target language

Machine

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The challenge in machine translation: how to program a computer that will "understand" a text as a person does, and that will "create" a new text in the target language that "sounds" as if it has been written by a person.This problem may be approached in a number of ways.


Machine Translation

Translation

Decoding the meaning of the source text

Re-encoding this meaning in the target language

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Basic Model of a Machine Translation System

الـصغـيرة

الـمطلـوبالـطفـلـةوجـدتة

الـصفـحة

a trouvéla fillepetitla pagedemandé

petit fillela a trouvé la page demandé

petite fillela a trouvé la page demandée

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Machine Translation

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Arabic Sentence

Analyse

Frame in Arabic Frame in French

Construction

French sentence

Translation

Proposed ArchitectureProposed Architecture


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach

Conclusion & perspectives

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Proposed Approach

Fillmore theory

Conceptual Dependency (Schank)

Nouns Classification (Chafe)

Frame based representation (Minsky)


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


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Fillmore theory


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


The sentence;

Verb = Kernel

Other components of the sentence = peripherals

Verbs typological nature

The case AGENT : syntactic case = Subject. The case OBJET : syntactic case = objectComp Or syntactic case = Subject verb mode = Passive The case INSTRUMENT : gram case = Dative Preposition = ب ,باستعمال ,بواسطة ِ

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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


The case SOURCE : grammatical case = Dative

Preposition = KْنMِم Or A place noun playing the

role of a direct object comp of some known verbs, such

us : ترك , غادر like in الطفل الموقعغادر

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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


DESTINATION : gram case = Dative Preposition = M نحو\ , ِ إلى , لـ , باتجاه , صوKب\

Or A place noun playing the role

of a direct object comp of some known verbs, such us

الموقع in قصد المسافر َ قصد

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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


FURNISHER : syntactic case = Indirect object

complement. Animation = Animated kind of verb = transfert verb Particule = M Kِمْن or M عند ِمْن eg :الطفل in ِمْن األستاذ استلم

رسالة الطفل

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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


BENEFICIARY : Syn case = Direct object comp Animation = Animated Kind of verb = verb of transfert such us : استلم, سلّـم , أرسل , َح\ص\ل, تسلّـم , أعطى , Particule = M إلى ل ، M like األستاذ in األستاذ إلى اإللكترونية الرسالة الطفل أرسلOr Syn case = indirect object comp Animation = Animated Kind of verb = transfert verb like : طارق in لطارق هدية األب أعطى

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]]

]]

] =المستعمل

] = الشاشة

Animated,Animated, HumanHuman, , FeminineFeminine,,

Concrete,Concrete, Potent,Potent,

CountableCountable

(+)(+) (+)(+)

(+)(+)

(+)(+)

(-)(-)

Animated,Animated, Human, Human, Feminine,Feminine,

Unique,Unique, Concrete,Concrete, Potent,Potent,

CountableCountable

(-)(-) (-)(-)

(+)(+)

(+)(+)(+)(+)(-)(-)

(+)(+)

Unique,Unique, (+)(+)(-)(-)

Traits of Chafe


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


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Frames


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


Fig 1. General Frame

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Frames


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


Fig 2. Specialized Frame

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Conceptual Dependency


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


PROPEL Apply a force to somethingMOVE Moving a body partGRASP Catch an objectINGEST Ingest, for a moving objectEXPEL Physically expel, for a moving objectPTRANS Move a physical objectATRANS Modify an abstract relationship, such as possessionSPEAK Produce a sound; support of an action such as

“Communicate”

ATTEND Apply his attention to a perception or stimulusMTRANS Information TransferMBUILD Creating a new though

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Arabic Sentence

Analyse

Frame in Arabic Frame in French

Construction

French Sentence

Translation

Proposed ArchitectureProposed Architecture


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


Re-organization French

Le livre est vendu / beau La revue est vendue / belle Les livres sont vendus / beaux Les revues sont vendues / belles

Less in English

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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


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Examples الملف أعاد تسمية المستعمل ب الطفل طبع الطابعةـالنص سرعةب النص الطفل طبع بالطابعة النصع ـطب قاعدة المهندس معلوِماتال نسخ إلى إلكترونية{ رسالة الطفل أرسل

ستاذأال إلى إلكترونية رسالة الطفل أرسل

هأستاذ


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


L'utilisateur a re-nommé le fichierL’enfant a imprimé le texte avec l’imprimanteEnfant a imprimé le texte rapidementLe texte a été impriméL’ingénieur a copié la base de donnéesL’enfant a envoyé un email à l'enseignantEnvoyer un email à son enseignant

The user re-named the fileThe Child printed the text with the printerThe Child printed text The Printed text printerThe Engineer copied the database The child sended an email to the teacherThe child sended an email to his teacher

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Examples

L'utilisateur de renommer le fichierImprimante enfant du texte impriméEnfant texte imprimé rapidementImprimé imprimante texteIngénieur de base de données de copieEnvoyer un email à l'enfant de l'enseignantEnvoyer un email à l'enfant mentor


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


الملف أعاد تسمية المستعمل

ب الطفل طبع الطابعةـالنص

سرعةب النص الطفل طبع

بالطابعة النصع ـطب

قاعدة المهندس معلوِماتال نسخ

إلى إلكترونية{ رسالة الطفل ستاذأالأرسل

أستاذ إلى إلكترونية رسالة الطفل هأرسل

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Examples

User re-naming the fileChild printer printed textChild printed text quicklyPrinted text printerCopy Database EngineerSend an email to the child the teacherSend an email to the child mentor


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


الملف أعاد تسمية المستعمل

ب الطفل طبع الطابعةـالنص

سرعةب النص الطفل طبع

بالطابعة النصع ـطب

قاعدة المهندس معلوِماتال نسخ

إلى إلكترونية{ رسالة الطفل ستاذأالأرسل

أستاذ إلى إلكترونية رسالة الطفل هأرسل

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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


Our translation system that some modules

were exposed in this paper, takes part in the

semantic processing of texts using purely

linguistic tools and finds fulfillment with the

DCF method as a basis.

This method has been proved appropriate to

the Arabic language and its particularities as

to syntax and semantic sides [3][4][6]

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Enrich dictionaries to cover other domains

Multilingual system

Fusion of linguistic and probabilistic approaches


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


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Rich DictionariesWell Defined Rules ++

Better Translation

Enrich dictionaries to cover other domains


Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


Intern Representation

« Meaning »

Sentence in Italien

Sentence in French

Sentence in English

Sentence in Arabic

Sentence in Italien

Sentence in French

Sentence in English

Sentence in Arabic

Multilingual system

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Machine Translation

Proposed Approach


++++

Better TranslationBetter Translation

FUSIONFUSION

LINGUISTIC APPROACH

STATISTIC APPROACH

Fusion of linguistic and probabilistic approaches

A Linguistic Approach for Multilingual Machine Translation System

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