A Kudzu Primer

Miracle Plant ,Dangerous Beauty;

An Invasive Species

John Peter Thompson

20 January 2011

MISC - BARC

The Gypsy Moth of the Plant World

2Gypsy moth picture: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3511/3840972959_cd03ee1fcd_o.jpg; Kudzu picture: http://image05.webshots.com/5/3/12/70/81831270kgWmoc_fs.jpg

Dynamics of Perspective

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What is in a Name?

Synonyms from: NatIONAL GERMPLASM RESOURCES

LABORATORY, BELTSVILLE, MARYLAND.

• Dolichos hirsutus Thunb.

• Dolichos lobatus Willd.

• Glycine javanica L.

• Neustanthus chinensis Benth.

• Pachyrhizus thunbergianus Siebold & Zucc.

• Pueraria hirsuta (Thunb.) Matsum.

• Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi

• Pueraria lobata var. chinensis (Benth.) Ohwi

• Pueraria lobata var. montana (Lour.) Maesen

• Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (Benth.) Maesen

• Pueraria montana var. chinensis auct

• Pueraria omeiensis F. T. Wang & Tang, nom. nud.

• Pueraria pseudohirsuta Tang & F. T. Wang, nom. Nud

• Pueraria thomsonii Benth.

• Pueraria thunbergiana (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth.

• Pueraria tonkinensis Gagnep.

• Pueraria triloba (Houtt.)

4http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/science/natural/biography/graphics/linnaeus2.jpg

Novus Atlas Sinensis1665

5

Martinus Martini born in 1614 at Trent (Southern Tyrol, Austria.). He arrived in China 1643, returned in 1653 to Europe by way of Batavia and landed at Amsterdam, where he made arrangements for publishing his work. After this he proceeded to China again and died at Hang chou fu (Che kiang) in 1661.Engraved allegorical title, hand-coloured and highlighted with gold:

http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/gateways/issues/85/story07.html

Map: http://chinatracker.org/?page_id=149http:///?page_id=149

Guizhou

A Quest for Human Well-Being

Naturalist [1] Year

LeComte 1698

Cunningham 1703-1704

Staunton 1793

Voisin 1824

Carles 1567

6[1] Pueraria: the genus Pueraria By Wing Ming Keung

American Degeneracy

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (7 September 1707 – 16 April 1788)

Carl Nilsson Linnæus, Carl von Linné (23 May 1707 - 10 January 1778

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Grand EntranceVienna 1873

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http://naturalisticspoon.com/_src/sc1715/KiryuKosho.jpg

Daniel Hooibrenk.— From 1837 to 1849 he had charge of the famous collection of Baron Hügel’s plants. When the collection of plants was dispersed, M. Hooibrenk started with a part of it as nurseryman, and his work in gardening is well known. He was nominated by His Majesty the Emperor of Austria Knight of the Franz Josef's Order, and Napoleon III conferred on him the Order of the Legion of Honour for a treatise on the cultivation of the Vine.— excerpted from Louis Kropatsch. Nicolas Auguste Paillieux dit Auguste Paillieux

1812 Paris-1898 Paris)

http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/56455841/Hulton-Archive

Introduced to America

Philadelphia 1876

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Thomas Hogg (1820-1892) was born in England His father, also Thomas, established a nursery in New York, later run by the younger Thomas’s brother James, a connection which was to prove useful later in his life. In 1862 Thomas, junior, was appointed a US Marshal and in the same year he went to Japan in that role, staying there until 1870, and returning there from 1873 to 1875. During these tours of duty he acquired and sent to his brother’s nursery a wide selection of plants including the first introductions, at least to the United States, of Hosta decorata, Stuartia pseudocamellia, Styraxobassia, Cercidiphyllumjaponicum, Symplocos paniculata, Puerarialobata, Cornus kousa and Magnolia hypoleuca.

Japan’s botanical sunrise - plant exploration around the Meiji RestorationPeter Barnes

http://www.rothchildeantiques.com/images/openday4.jpg

Plants from ‘round the world

Hosta ‘Thomas Hogg’

Stewartiapseudocamellia

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Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 – August 28, 1903)

http://www.gardenvisit.com/assets/madge/biltmore_shrub_garden/600x/biltmore_shrub_garden_600x.jpg

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The Gilded Age of Gardening

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Thomas MeehanPlantsman

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http://www.americangardening.net/blog1/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/downing-image1.jpg

http://books.google.com/books?id=CtbRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA98-IA214&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U24oL_ZzzJor9yy0XP8PH5Sb9QGKA&ci=83,418,404,943&edge=0

•Honeysuckles

•Golden Trumpet Vine

•Virgin's Bower

•Akebia quinata

•Frost Grape

•Engelmann’s Ivy

•Wisterias

•Fragrant White Clematis

•English Ivy

•Kudzu

Really Introduced – with Friends1884 - 1885

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World's Industrial And Cotton Centennial Exposition,

New Orleans

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_npTuiQqQuss/TFyFTLu3UmI/AAAAAAAAAYE/dwa5KU7KW_0/s1600/CottonCentennialmainbuildingaisle57north.jpg

The water hyacinth was first brought to the U.S. as part of the 1884 Cotton Exposition held in New Orleans, when the Japanese delegation distributed several plants imported from Venezuela. They proved to be popular gifts and were transported to garden ponds around the city. - ‘Exotic Species in Louisiana’ Christie Reihl (2000)

by Christie Riehlby Christie Riehlby Christie Riehlby Christie Riehl

http://www.tulane.edu/~bfleury/envirobio/enviroweb/ExoticSpecies.htm

New Beginnings & New Partners1902

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USDA Yearbook 1909: http://books.google.com/books?id=Zw4NgzmdN2UC&pg=PA248-IA1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1F9CfdLQMO0zvQv4AsmJJ8VYj6EA&ci=45,874,874,731&edge=0

http://ronmayhewphotography.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Kudzu-Developed-Here.jpg

USDADavid Fairchild & Charles V Piper

Charles & Lillie Pleas

Community to Individual1920s

http://www.anythingaboutcars.com/images/1886_Daimler_Automobile.jpg

Agrostologist in Charge of Forage Crop Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry,

1908NEED FOR NEW LEGUMES.

The need of satisfactory legumes is greatest at present in our semiarid regions,

though a good perennial species adapted to the Cotton Belt would be of incalculable value.

If it be true that no system of agriculture can anywhere be permanent without the use of a leguminous

plant in rotation, this makes imperative the search for such a crop for every part of our country where

agriculture is possible.

Botanists now recognize no less than 10,782 species of leguminous plants, distributed in 487 genera. Of these, 3,846 species in 203 genera are American; 6,930 species in 355 genera belong to the Old World. The Old World thus contains nearly twice as many species as the New. Asia is by far the richest continent both in genera and species. Onefourth of all the species consists of woody plants; the remainder, herbaceous. On each continent the members of this family show a very great range of adaptation to conditions. Many species occur in the coldest of arctic and alpine regions; others in the hottest of the Tropics, and few desert regions are so dry that they can not exist. Indeed, it may be said that wherever other flowering plants exist there occur also legumes. CV Piper p. 245

Popular Mechanics 1919Kudzu Valuable Forage Plant

BY Robert H. Moulton“…this remarkable vine seems destined to become one of the leading sources of

wealth in certain sections of the United States.”

18http://books.google.com/books?id=f4PVAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA104&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U2W6nDF0NB-97pKsbC9D5OBIAC3IQ&ci=288,752,418,526&edge=0

Ch. E Pleas and Mrs.

Soil Conservation Service Figures it Out1933 -

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Experiment Station's kudzu plot in Lee County while visiting the state

for the Kudzu Jamboree in Camp Hill in 1939

(from left) Chief Bennett, Director of Alabama Extension Service P.O. Davis, and Alabama NRCS

Regional Agronomist R.Y. Bailey) (NRCS image)

Kudzu King and Queen at Kudzu Jamboree 1939 (NRCS image )

Kudzu For Erosion Control In The SoutheastFamous Last Words

1939

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By B. Y. BAILEY,

senior agronomist,

Office of Technical Operations, Soil Conservation Service

“The question frequently arises as to the possibility of kudzu becoming a serious pest

where it is planted in areas adjoining woodland. The vines sometimes cover a few trees along the border,

but the damage done to an established stand of trees is no more serious

than the effect of the trees on cultivated land.” p.30

Mission Accomplished1952

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As we learn more and more about less and less,

we find that we know everything about nothing at all

http://www.websophist.com/Kudzu_Ate_The_Farm.jpg

Into the Mirror Darkly1972

USDA APHIS to the Rescue

Federal Noxious Weeds

1974

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•Au siége de la Société. (1888). Journal de la Société nationale d'horticulture de France (Vol. 10). Société nationale d'horticulture de France.•Bailey, R. Y. (1939). Kudzu for Erosion Control in the Southeast. Farmers' Bulletin No. 1840 .•Contry Gentleman. (1879, November 22). Dolichos Japanicas. The Garden An Illustrated Weekly Journal Of Horticulture In All Its Branches , p. 471.•Fairchild, D. (1908). Seeds And Plants Imported During The Period From April 1 To June 30, 1908: Inventory No. 15; Nos. 22511 To23322- Bulletin 135. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.•Fairchild, D. (1908). Seeds And Plants Imported During The Period From January 1 To March 31,1908: Inventory No. 14 ; Nos. 21732To 22510. Bulletin 135. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.•Gumbleton, W. E. (1891, February 13). Kudzu. Gardeners' Chronicle A Weekly Illustrate Journal of Horticulture And Allied Subjects , IX- Third Series, p. 211.•Kansas City Southern Railway. (1922). Port Arthur route agricultural and industrial bulletin (Vols. 3 - 9).•Kropatsch, L. (1895, May 11). Death of Mons. D. Hooibrenk. Garden An Illustrated Weekly Journal o fHorticulture in all its Branches , p. 334.•Leichtlin, M. (1891, February 21). Kudzu, Pachyrhizus Thunbergianus. Gardeners' Chronicle A Weekly Illustrate Journal of Horticulture And Allied Subjects , IX - Third Series, p. 247.•Memoiree de la Societe de Etudes Japonaises, Chinoises, Tartares et Indo-Chinoises, Paris, 1879 p. 26. (1881). The Chrusanthemum , Vols. 1 & 2, p. 29.•Morong, T. (1893). Bulletin of the Torrey BotanicaL Club. p. 217.•Oberle, S. G. (1997). The Influence of Thomas Meehan on Horticulture in the United States. , Theses - The Longwood Graduate Program in Public Horticulture . University of Delaware.•Paillieux, A., & Bois, D. (1899). Le Potager D'un Curieux Histoire, Culture & Usages Du 250 Plantes Comestibles Peu Connues OuInconnues First Printed 1884 (Vol. Troisième Édition Entièrement Refaite ). Paris: Librairie Agricole De La Maison Rustique .•Robinson, W. (Ed.). (1892). The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches (Vol. 42). London.Saunders, E. W. (1884). On the Participation of the Department of Agriculture in the International Exihibition of 1876, held at Philadelphia, PA. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Simmonds, P. L. (1877). A Treatise On The Culture, Preparation, Commerce, And Consumption Of The Principal Products 0f The Vegetable Kingdom. New York & London: E & F N Spon.The Chrysanthemum (Vols. 1 - 2). (1881). Yokohama: Kelly & Co.United States Executive Department. (1884). Report of the Board on Behalf of the Unites States Executive Departments at the International Exhibition, Philadelphia, PA., 1876. Vol IX. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Walton, J. (Ed.). (1890, October 27). Dolichos Japonicus. The Friend , LXIV, p. 102.

Partial Bibliography

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kamishimo Samurai outfit made from kudzu (vine plant) late Edo

http://www.haliegallery.com/product.asp?ac=2834

http://konny.fc2web.com/info/ingredient_e.html

http://www.southernbellessoap.com/soaps.htm

http://cleantechnica.com/2010/05/25/another-reason-to-not-like-kudzu-unless-its-good-for-making-biofuel/