Wars of Religion Jeopardy Mr. Howard Mayo and Miss Devin Tilley Mount Airy High School.
A. “ JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY ” Mr. Howard A. Mayo IV Mount Airy High School.
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Transcript of A. “ JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY ” Mr. Howard A. Mayo IV Mount Airy High School.
A.A.
““JACKSONIAN JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY””
Mr. Howard A. Mayo IV Mount Airy High School
Elections of 1824 & 1828Elections of 1824 & 1828
• 4 Famous candidates: Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and General Andrew Jackson
• Jackson wins popular vote, but not enough electoral votes
• House of Representatives had to decide outcome between Jackson and Adams
• Clay persuades House to choose Adams (Adams appoints Clay his Sec. of State)
• Jackson proclaims “Corrupt Bargain”; breaks away from Republicans to start a new party (Jacksonian Democrats)
• Jackson begins catering to the common people
• New voting laws get rid of property requirements – voting increases 3x by 1828
• Jackson easily wins Election of 1828 w/ support of common people
Jacksonian AmericaJacksonian America
• Jackson institutes the Spoils Systemo Fires 10% of federal employees & gives those jobs to his loyal supporters
• Jackson decides to remove Indians; Congress passes Indian Removal Act of 1830
• Indians from “5 civilized tribes” move to Indian territory (mainly Oklahoma); whites take their land
• Cherokee fight back- sue as a “domestic dependent nation”• Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 – Supreme Court rules in favor of
Cherokee; tells gov’t to give their land back• Jackson ignores ruling – “John Marshall has made his decision;
now let him enforce it”• Trail of Tears – Cherokee forced to relocate; 1000s die
PopulatioPopulatio
n Trends: n Trends:
Westward Westward
ExpansionExpansion
, 1830, 1830
PresidentPresident
ial ial
election, election,
18281828
1828 1828
Presidential Presidential
electionelection
Vote by Vote by
countycounty
JacksonJackson’’s first s first inaugural receptioninaugural reception
INDIAN REMOVALINDIAN REMOVALRemoval• Removal Act of 1830 • “Five civilized tribes” – Creek, Chickasaw,
Choctaw, Cherokee, Seminoles
• Cherokees o Cherokee Nation v. Georgiao Worcester v. Georgia
• “John Marshall has made his opinion, now let him enforce it”President Andrew Jackson
• “Trail of Tears” –Force March • Seminole War - Osceola
Tariff & Bank IssuesTariff & Bank IssuesNullification Crisis• Tariffs continue increasing – hurt the South’s
economy• 1828 – Tariff of Abominations – Calhoun (VP)
begins speaking out against tariffsoCalhoun writes South Carolina Expositiono1.Nullification o2.Succession
• Webster/Hayne debatesoWebster (NE) & Hayne (S) have historic
debate in Congress over tariffs/state’s rights
• Jackson speaks out for National rights; Calhoun speaks out for state’s rights
• Calhoun resigns as VP
Nullification (cont.)• 1832 Congress passes an even higher tariffoS.Carolina “nullifies” tariff; threatens to
secede if gov’t tries to collect tariff duties• Jackson is furious – threatens to hang
Calhoun• Congress passes Force Bill (1833) – allows
Jackson to use military force if S.Carolina doesn’t pay
• Henry Clay steps in – works out compromise of lower tariffs (SC must agree to pay tariffs)
1.1. NULLIFICATION NULLIFICATION CRISISCRISIS
• “Tariff of Abominations” 1828
• John Calhoun o Nullification o South Carolina Exposition
and Protest • Nullification Crisis
o Nullification Act • Force Bill • Crisis Averted • Significance
John C. Calhoun (Library of Congress)
The Nullification The Nullification CrisisCrisis
“Our Federal Union- It must be preserved…”
Andrew Jackson
“The Union- next to our Liberty most dear…”
John Calhoun
B. Bank Wars1. Jackson is opposed to the Bank of the US2. Clay & Webster try to re-charter the bank in
1832 (they want to make it a campaign issue)3. Jackson turns public against the Bank of US ;
says it’s for the “privileged”4. Jackson uses “Pet Banks” to deposit gov’t
money5. Bank of US hurt, has to recall loans; charter
isn’t renewed
THE BANK WARTHE BANK WAR• (2nd) Bank of the United States • Nicholas Biddle-President of
the Bank. He becomes an opponent of Jackson
• “Soft money/hard money” • Pet Banks
Nicholas Biddle
Andrew Jackson
• President
• National Supremacy
Henry Clay
• Great Compromiser
John C. Calhoun
• VP, resigns
• state’s rights advocate
Jackson’s LegacyJackson’s Legacy
Panic of 1837• Jackson’s “Pet Banks” printed too much
money; hurts the economy via inflation• Jackson demands payment for land in specie
(gold or silver) – causes a rush on banks• By 1837 most banks stop accepting paper $$$• Leads to a depression
Elections• New Whig party formed against Jackson• Jackson’s VP (Van Buren) runs in 1836• Van Buren wins easily w/ Jackson’s support
o He is ineffective as President• Whigs win election of 1840 w/ war hero William
Henry Harrison• Harrison dies 1 month into office; John Tyler takes
over (“His Accidency”)
F. Expansion of F. Expansion of Political ParticipationPolitical Participation
Reasons for increases in mass political participation:
A. Expansion of Suffrage• elimination of
property requirements
b. Printed ballots c. Political conventions
• party caucuses d. Candidates with popular appeal e. Campaigns f. Partisan Newspapers
The The Expansion Expansion of Voting of Voting Rights for Rights for White Men, White Men, 1800-18301800-1830
Voter Voter
TurnoTurno
utut
Before Before
the Civil the Civil
WarWar
Expansion of Expansion of DemocracyDemocracy
The The ExpansioExpansion of n of Voting Voting Rights Rights for White for White Men, Men, 1800-1800-18301830
1832 1832
PresidentPresident
ial ial
electionelection
““King King Andrew IAndrew I””
Unlike previous presidents, Jackson used his popularity and power as president to fill his cabinet with loyal Democratic followers. Jackson did not consult Congress in policymaking and used his power of the veto to assume control of the national government. He bully people
Assassination attempt on Andrew Assassination attempt on Andrew
Jackson, 1835.Jackson, 1835.
Removal of federal deposits from the Removal of federal deposits from the
Second Bank of the United StatesSecond Bank of the United States
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
• turnpikes • National Road
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
• Steamboats o Robert Fulton o Clermont (1807)
• Impact on transportation and trade
Robert FultonRobert Fulton’’s s ClermontClermont plies plies the Hudson Riverthe Hudson River
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION• Erie Canal (1825)• Significance
o Cost of tradeo Direction of tradeo Settlement of NWo New York Cityo Upstate NYo Canal boom
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTIONTRANSPORTATION REVOLUTIONPrincipal Canals in 1840Principal Canals in 1840
Roads and Canals, Roads and Canals, 1820-18501820-1850
• Canal boomCanal boom• Effect on Effect on transportation and trade transportation and trade patternspatterns
Paths of Northern Migration after Paths of Northern Migration after
18001800
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
• Railroads • Baltimore &
Ohio RR (1830)
• short lines• trunk lines
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION• Impact of Railroads
a) Promoted national trade and economic growth
b) Linked Northeast and old Northwest for trade
• Consolidation of early short lines leads to E-W orientation• Chicago
c) Promoted the growth of other industries• Iron • Coal• Telegraph
d) Encouraged farmers to specialize e) First great corporations in US – model
for later large businesses
BEGINNINGS OFBEGINNINGS OFINDUSTRIALIZATIOINDUSTRIALIZATIO
N &N &CHANGES IN CHANGES IN
SOCIAL AND CLASS SOCIAL AND CLASS STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES
BEGINNINGS OF BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATIOINDUSTRIALIZATIO
NN Factory System
Rise of Corporations Technological Innovations
Labor Old Northwest-Immigration
BEGINNINGS OF BEGINNINGS OF
INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION
• textiles• Samuel Slater • factory system
Samuel SlaterSamuel Slater(( ““Father of the Father of the Factory Factory SystemSystem””))
BEGINNINGS OF BEGINNINGS OF
INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION• Lowell (or Waltham) Factory System
o Francis Cabot Lowello First dual-purpose textile plantso employees
• Lowell towns
Lowell, Mass. in 1850
New England New England Textile Centers: Textile Centers: 1830s1830s
Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown
Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknownMiddlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
• Lowell Girls - typical “profile”• Factory Girls Association• Lowell Girls - typical “profile”• Factory Girls Association
Lowell GirlsLowell Girls
Early Early TextilTextile e LoomLoom
Lowell Lowell GirlsGirls
Lowell Boarding HousesLowell Boarding Houses
The Growth of Cotton Textile The Growth of Cotton Textile
Manufacturing, 1810Manufacturing, 1810––18401840
BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION: BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION:
Legal and Financial DevelopmentsLegal and Financial Developments
• Corporations o In 1800, c. 20 corps US; by 1817, over
1800oGeneral incorporation laws
• New York, 1848o stocko limited liability
• Banking – paper banknotes
2. INVENTIONS & 2. INVENTIONS & INNOVATIONSINNOVATIONS
2. INVENTIONS & 2. INVENTIONS & INNOVATIONSINNOVATIONS
Americans were willing to try Americans were willing to try anything.anything.
They were first copiers, then They were first copiers, then innovators.innovators.
Americans were willing to try Americans were willing to try anything.anything.
They were first copiers, then They were first copiers, then innovators.innovators.•Patents Approved:Patents Approved:
•1800: 41 1800: 41
•1860: 4,357 1860: 4,357
•Patents Approved:Patents Approved:
•1800: 41 1800: 41
•1860: 4,357 1860: 4,357
((Actually Actually invented by a invented by a
slaveslave))
((Actually Actually invented by a invented by a
slaveslave))
Eli Whitney: Eli Whitney:
The Cotton The Cotton
Gin, 1791Gin, 1791
Eli Whitney’s Gun FactoryEli Whitney’s Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts RifleInterchangeable Parts Rifle
John Deere & the Steel PlowJohn Deere & the Steel PlowJohn Deere & the Steel PlowJohn Deere & the Steel Plow
Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper& the Mechanical Reaper
Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper& the Mechanical Reaper
Samuel F. B. MorseSamuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph1840 – Telegraph
Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858
Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858
Elias Howe & Isaac SingerElias Howe & Isaac Singer
1840sSewing Machine
1840sSewing Machine
Reform Movement Reform Movement • Transcendentalism is the literary and philosophical
movement felt that individuals could make the world a better place through self-reliance and self-improvement
• Ralph Waldo Emerson writer was responsible for transcendentalist beliefs
• Henry David Thoreau – transcendentalist who believed a person should fight the pressure to conform. Famous works include Walden and Civil Disobedience
Movements and ReformsMovements and Reforms• The abolition
movement grew in the North, led by William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper, and many New England religious leaders, who saw slavery as a violation of Christian principles
Movements and ReformsMovements and Reforms
Fredrick Douglas was an escape slave who became the publisher of the newspaper the North Star and would become an avid abolitionist.
Movements and ReformsMovements and Reforms• At the same time the abolitionist movement
grew, another reform movement took root, to give equal rights to women.
1. Seneca Falls Declaration- said the women should be granted the right to vote.
Movements and ReformsMovements and Reforms• At the same time the abolitionist movement
grew, another reform movement took root, to give equal rights to women.
2. Roles of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony, who became involved in women’s suffrage before the Civil War, but continued with the movement after the war.
Movements and ReformsMovements and Reforms Dorothea Dix was the
leader of the movement that started rehabilitation of the mentally ill. This also had to do with prison reform.
Movements and ReformsMovements and Reforms Utopia name was given to the perfect world that many
religious groups believed they could create during the early 1800’s. Brook farm , Oneida, New Harmony are three example of this type.
Movements and ReformsMovements and Reforms Horace Mann 1796—1859, American educator.
He was part of the state board (Massachusetts) of education at a time when the public school system was in very bad condition. Within his 12-year period of service, public interest was aroused, a movement for better teaching and better-paid teachers was instigated, school problems and statistics were brought to light and discussed, training schools for teachers were established, and schoolhouses and equipment were immeasurably improved.
Movements and ReformsMovements and Reforms
Horace Mann