MECAG 4203IRRIGATION PRINCIPLESSPRING 2005 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Michael A. Kizer228 Ag Hall744-8421 (office)744-5653 (secretary Pat in 218 Ag Hall)mkizer@okstate.edu OFFICE HOURS: Normally available in office daily; Call before making a special trip to be sure that I am in. GRADER:TBA PREREQUISITE: Math 1513 (College Algebra) COURSE MATERIALS: Class notes by Eisenhauer, Martin, and Hoffman (University of Nebraska); Purchase notes (Cost: $25) at OSU Bookstore; Various class handouts FINAL EXAM: Tuesday, May 1, at 10:00-11:50 AM in Room 225 AGH GRADING:Homework (35%) + Hour Exams (40%) + Final (25%) = 100%

Exams are open book and open notes. Homework will be collected at the beginning of class on the date due. Late homework may be turned in (for half credit) up to the beginning of the next class. For homework turned in after that time, no credit will be given. Homework is to be done neatly and in pencil, with the answers clearly identified. Show all work if you wish to receive any partial credit for an incorrect answer. Staple all pages together and be sure your name is on each page.Attendance is not explicitly a part of the grading criteria. However experience has shown that class attendance has a high correlation with performance on homework and exams. Its very difficult to learn the material if you arent in class on a regular basis.In assigning letter grades at the end of the semester, the numerical scores will be curved. In other words, your grade will depend on how well you perform relative to the rest of the class, and how well the entire class performs relative to previous classes. The curve cant hurt you, meaning that any score above 90 will be an A, 80-90 will be at least a B, 70-80 at least a C, and 60-70 at least a D. Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. You are encouraged to discuss concepts and homework problems with your fellow students, but direct copying of someone else's homework answers is not allowed. Failure to work the homework problems yourself is almost always reflected in poor performance on the examinations.

READING ASSIGNMENTSChapterTopic Pages1.Introduction 1-122.Soil Water-Plant Relationships 13-523.Measuring Water Applications 53-764.Plant Water Use 77-1235.Irrigation System Performance124-1616.Irrigation Scheduling162-1957.Salinity Management196-2208.Irrigation Hydraulics221-2539.Water Delivery Systems254-27710.Surface Irrigation278-30911.Sprinklers310-35112.Set Move/Traveler Systems352-38713.Center Pivots & Lateral Moves388-41514.Microirrigation416-44715.Landscape Irrigation448-474

Reading Approx. Assignment # of Periods A. Introduction Class orientation Chapter 11 Importance of irrigation pp. 124-127; 159-160 Types of irrigation systems, Irrigation in OK B. Water MeasurementChapter 31 Units; Volume balance (Qt=Ad); Flow measurement C. Soil-Water RelationshipsChapter 23 Soil properties; Water in soils; Infiltration; Soil water measurementD. Irrigation Water RequirementsChapter 41 Evapotranspiration pp. 127-160 Efficiencies and uniformities; System capacityE. Irrigation SchedulingChapter 62 Principles; Moisture accounting; Other methodsF. Irrigation Water SupplyChapter 93 Surface water; Ground water and wells;Chapter 7 Water quality; Water lawHour Exam 1(TBA)1

Reading Approx. Assignment # of PeriodsG. Pipeline Hydraulicspp. 222-2362 Basic relationships; Friction loss pp. 458-464H. Pumping Plants Types of pumps; Pump characteristics; Pump selectionpp. 237-2524 Power units; Pumping costsI. Sprinkler Irrigationpp. 124-1255 Types of systems pp. 159-160 System components Chapter 11 Sprinkler performance Chapter 12 Hydraulics of laterals Chapter 13 Other design/management considerationspp. 448-457; 465-473Hour Exam 2(TBA)1J. Microirrigationpp. 126-1272 Types of systems; System componentsp. 159 Emitter and lateral hydraulics Chapter 14 Other design/management considerationsK. Landscape Irrigationpp. 126-1273 Types of systems; Control systems pp. 159-160 Other design/management considerationsChapter 15Final ExamTuesday, May 1, 10:00 11:50 AM

Class Notes The lecture notes for class are available online on Dr. Kizers personal web page:http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/mkizer/index.htm The notes are in MS PowerPoint and can be viewed with the web browser of any campus computer with a network connection. They can also be viewed from off-campus computers which have Internet service. However, be warned that many of the PowerPoint files are large (1 MB to 8 MB in size). If you do not have a high-speed cable modem or DSL service, it will take a long time to read the files via the typical dial-up internet connection. Once you have finished all the slides of a particular file (or any time you want to quit viewing) click on the Back arrow of your browser and you will be returned to the Home page.

If you want to print out copies of the notes for study or review you can do so by using the following steps:Open the target file by clicking on the appropriate hypertext title in the class index;On your web browsers tool bar click on File and then on Print;In the interest of saving trees, I would suggest that you go to the Print what: drop-down menu of the print window and select Handouts;In the Slides per page: drop down menu select 6 (usually the default value). This will print six, 2-in x 3-in images of the slides per page, which are typically large enough to be read easily;Click on the OK button.

Introduction

Importance of IrrigationDefinitionthe supply of water to crops and landscaping plants by artificial meansEstimates of magnitudeworld-wide: 544 million acres (17% of land 1/3 of food production)U.S.: 59 million acres (10% of land 25% of crop value)annual water withdrawal (world-wide): 870 trillion gallons (6X Mississippi River)

PurposeRaise a crop where nothing would grow otherwise (e.g., desert areas)Grow a more profitable crop (e.g., alfalfa vs. wheat)Increase the yield and/or quality of a given crop (e.g., fruit)Increase the aesthetic value of a landscape (e.g., turf, ornamentals)

Reasons for yield/quality increaseReduced water stressBetter germination and standsHigher plant populationsMore efficient use of fertilizerImproved varieties

Other Benefits of IrrigationLeaching of saltsFrost protectionPlant/soil coolingChemical applicationWind erosion controlWaste disposal

An Historical PerspectiveNile River Basin (Egypt) - 6000 B.C.Tigris-Euphrates River Basin (Iraq, Iran, Syria) - 4000 B.C.Yellow River Basin (China) - 3000 B.C.Indus River Basin (India) - 2500 B.C.Maya and Inca civilizations (Mexico, South America) - 500 B.C.Salt River Basin (Arizona) - 100 B.C.Western U. S. - 1800sInvolvement of federal government - 1900 (only about 3 million acres then)

Types of SystemsSprinklerpressurized irrigation through devices called sprinklers (water is discharged into the air and hopefully infiltrates near where it lands)used on agricultural and horticultural crops, turf, landscape plantsSurfaceIrrigation water flows across the field to the point of infiltrationprimarily used on agricultural crops and orchardsMicro (drip, trickle)frequent, slow application of irrigation water using pressurized systemsused in landscape and nursery applications, and on high-value agricultural and horticultural crops

Rainfall Distribution

Temperature Profile

Alfalfa Irrigation Requirement (inches of irrigation/year)Normal Year

Irrigated Acreage in Oklahoma by County2000-

(x 1000 acres)90 190 34 1621 68615220

Irrigation in Oklahoma2000 Irrigation Survey

About 667,000 irrigated acres48% in Cimarron/Texas/Beaver Counties24% in Harmon/Greer/Jackson/Tillman counties 9% in Caddo County68% sprinkler irrigation28% surface irrigation 4% microirrigation82% using ground water 18% using surface water

Irrigation in Oklahoma51% pumped with natural gas as the energy source23% pumped with LP gas as the energy source20% pumped with electricity as the energy sourceAgronomic cropsCorn (180,000 acres)Wheat (105,000 acres)Grain sorghum (57,000 acres)Cotton (56,000 acres)Alfalfa (98,000 acres)Peanuts (60,000 acres)Horticultural and turf cropsCommercial vegetables (15,000 acres)Commercial nurseries (5,000 acres)Golf courses, parks, sod farms (14,000 acres)Orchards (5,000 acres)