A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N Future Communications Study Technology Assessment Team:...

A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

Future Communications Study Technology Assessment Team: Outcome of Phase II Activities

Presented at ICAO ACP WGC Meeting, Brussels, Belgium

September 19, 2006

Prepared by:ITT/Glen Dyer, Tricia Gilbert

NASA/James Budinger

2

Background

• FCS Technology Investigation is being performed in three phases– Phase I: Technology Pre-Screening May – December 2004

• Recommended applicable satellite and terrestrial technologies (in VHF, L- and C-Band)

– Phase II: Technology screening and detailed evaluation of selected technologies that scored well in the Phase 1

• This briefing presents an overview of the results from this phase

– Phase III: Detailed Technology Investigations

3

Elements of the Candidate Technology Evaluation

InputCandidate

Technologies

Captured from ACP and other sources

Meets Needs?

Costs/Impacts

Technology Maturity

Safety

Evaluation Criteria

•Commercial•Prototypes•Standards •ITU – Spectrum

•ICAO/RTCA•FAA

•Avionics•Service Provider

Rec. for C-Band

Rec. for Sat

Rec. for L-Band

Recommended forDetailed Evaluations

Stake Holder Needs•Compatibility•Affordability •Availability

Consensus Documentation

IdentifiedNeeds

CO

CR

ICA

O

Detailed Evaluations

Technology Screening

InputCandidate

Technologies

Captured from ACP and other sources

Meets Needs?

Costs/Impacts

Technology Maturity

Safety

Evaluation Criteria

•Commercial•Prototypes•Standards •ITU – Spectrum

•ICAO/RTCA•FAA

•Avionics•Service Provider

Rec. for C-Band

Rec. for Sat

Rec. for L-Band

Rec. for C-Band

Rec. for Sat

Rec. for L-Band

Recommended forDetailed Evaluations

Stake Holder Needs•Compatibility•Affordability •Availability

Consensus Documentation

IdentifiedNeeds

CO

CR

ICA

O

Detailed Evaluations

Technology Screening

4

Evaluation Methodology – Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

ICAOACP

ICAOACP

FCS Phase ITechnologyInventory


1. Augment Technology Inventory (List Alternatives)


2. Define Screening Filter(Define Threshold Level)


3. Screen Technologies(Determine Acceptable Alternatives)


5. Develop Decision Hierarchy5. Develop Decision Hierarchy

Phase II Task Activity

Phase III Task Activity

Key:

4. Derive AHP Evaluation Criteria(Define Criteria)


6. Evaluate Technologies vs. AHP Criteria6. Evaluate Technologies vs. AHP Criteria 7. Comparison of AHP Criteria Pairwise7. Comparison of AHP Criteria Pairwise

8. Calculate Evaluation Scores(Calculate Overall Priorities for Alternatives)


9. Sensitivity Analysis9. Sensitivity Analysis

3a. Update/Create Technology

Concepts of Use


Concepts of Use

TechnologyScreening

Detailed EvaluationsPhase II & III Task Activity

ICAOACP

ICAOACP









5. Develop Decision Hierarchy5. Develop Decision Hierarchy

Phase II Task Activity

Phase III Task Activity

Key:



6. Evaluate Technologies vs. AHP Criteria6. Evaluate Technologies vs. AHP Criteria 7. Comparison of AHP Criteria Pairwise7. Comparison of AHP Criteria Pairwise



9. Sensitivity Analysis9. Sensitivity Analysis


Concepts of Use


Concepts of Use

TechnologyScreening

Detailed EvaluationsPhase II & III Task Activity

5

Updated Technology InventoryTechnology Family Candidates

Cellular Telephony Derivatives

TDMA (IS-136), CDMA (IS-95A), CDMAone (IS-95B), CDMA2000 1xRTT, W-CDMA (US)/UMTS FDD (Europe), TD-CDMA (US)/UMTS TDD (Europe), CDMA2000 3x, CDMA2000 1xEV, GSM/GPRS/EDGE, TD-SCDMA, DECT

IEEE 802 Wireless Derivatives

IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, ETSI HIPERPAN, ETSI HIPERLAN, ETSI HIPERMAN

Public Safety and Specialized Mobile Radio

APCO P25 Phase 1, APCO P25 Phase 2, TETRA Release 1, TETRAPOL, IDRA, IDEN, EDACS, APCO P34, TETRA Release 2 (TAPS), TETRA Release 2 (TEDS), Project MESA

Satellite and Other Over Horizon Communication

SDLS, Connexion by Boeing, Aero B-GAN, Iridium, GlobalStar, Thuraya, Integrated Global Surveillance and Guidance System (IGSAGS), HF Data Link, Custom Satellite System, Digital Audio Broadcast

Custom Narrowband VHF Solutions

VDL Mode 2, VDL Mode 3, VDL Mode 3 w/SAIC, VDL Mode E, VDL Mode 4, E-TDMA

Custom Broadband ADL, Flash-OFDM, UAT, Mode-S, B-VHF (MC-CDMA), LDL, L-Band E TDMA

Military Link 16, SINCGARS, EPLRS, HAVEQUICK, JTRS

Other APC Phone (Airphone, AirCell, SkyWay)Note: A bold font has used to indicate the new additions to the technology inventory.

6

Technology Screening Overview

• The technology screening used key metrics to identify the most promising candidates from each technology family– The key metrics for terrestrial technologies that were selected and used

are data rate and communications range

– For the satellite and over-the-horizon family of technologies, the screening criteria was a gate (ability to use protected spectrum) and the technology data rate

– Each technology family was assessed and plotted on a “tri color” chart, with acceptable, marginal and good regions inferred from COCR requirements

– Most promising technologies from each family were selected for detailed evaluation (depending on family performance, 0, 1 or many were selected)

• Next two slides provide screening results in a graphical format. The third slide provides a summary of the technology screening results.

7

Technology Screening Summary – Terrestrial Technologies

All Technologies Range and Data Rate

APCO P34

TETRAPOL

VDL Mode 2

VDL Mode E

B-VHF (in L-Band)L-Band E-TDMA

LDLLINK-16HAVEQUICK

REF

COCR Phase 1

ATS OnlyCOCR Phase 1

ATS & AOC

COCR Phase 2

ATS & AOC

TMA

ER LD

ER HD

APT

UMTS WCDMA

TD-CDMA

CDMA2000 1xEVDO

GSM/GPRS/EDGETD-SCDMA

DECT

CDMA2000 3x

IEEE 802.16eIEEE 802.20

IEEE 802.15IEEE 802.11a,b,g

APCO P25

TETRA Release 1

IDRAiDEN

EDACS

Tetra Release 2-TAPSTetra Release 2-TEDS

VDL Mode 3 (Mode 3T)

VDL Mode 4E-TDMA

ADL

UAT

Flash-OFDM

SINCGARS

COCR Phase 2

ATS Only

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Data Rate Provided (kbps)

Co

mm

un

ica

tion

s R

an

ge

Pro

vid

ed

(N

MI) Candidates to

bring forward

All Technologies Range and Data Rate

APCO P34

TETRAPOL

VDL Mode 2

VDL Mode E

B-VHF (in L-Band)L-Band E-TDMA

LDLLINK-16HAVEQUICK

REF

COCR Phase 1

ATS OnlyCOCR Phase 1

ATS & AOC

COCR Phase 2

ATS & AOC

TMA

ER LD

ER HD

APT

UMTS WCDMA

TD-CDMA

CDMA2000 1xEVDO

GSM/GPRS/EDGETD-SCDMA

DECT

CDMA2000 3x

IEEE 802.16eIEEE 802.20

IEEE 802.15IEEE 802.11a,b,g

APCO P25

TETRA Release 1

IDRAiDEN

EDACS

Tetra Release 2-TAPSTetra Release 2-TEDS

VDL Mode 3 (Mode 3T)

VDL Mode 4E-TDMA

ADL

UAT

Flash-OFDM

SINCGARS

COCR Phase 2

ATS Only

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Data Rate Provided (kbps)

Co

mm

un

ica

tion

s R

an

ge

Pro

vid

ed

(N

MI) Candidates to

bring forward

Legend

Small Squares = Cellular Technologies

Small Diamonds = IEEE 802 Technologies

Small Triangles = Public Safety Radio

Small Circle = Custom VHF

Large Square = Custom Broadband

Dashmark = Military

8

Technology Screening Summary – Satellite Technologies

Satellite & OTH Technologies Comparison by Data Rate

Inm

arsa

t SB

B w

ith Q

oS L

ow E

nd

IGS

AG

S

SD

LS G

loba

l Bea

m

Thu

raya

Glo

bals

tar

Irid

ium

Inm

arsa

t SB

B w

ith Q

oS H

igh

End

COCR Phase 1ATS Only

COCR Phase 2ATS Only

COCR Phase 2ATS & AOC

HF

Dat

a Li

nk

Cus

tom

Sat

Sol

utio

n (e

.g. S

DLS

Spo

t Bea

m)

COCR Phase 1ATS & AOC

0.0

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Data Rate Provided (per user) (kbps)

Candidates to bring forward

9

NASA/ITT Screened Technologies

Screened Technologies

Continental Solution

W-CDMA

P34

E-TDMA

LDL

B-VHF

Link 16

Inmarsat

Custom Satellite System (e.g. SDLS)

Oceanic Domain

Inmarsat

Custom Satellite System (e.g. SDLS)

Airport Domain IEEE 802.16e

• Nine total technologies are brought forward from the Screening process

– Eight are candidates that provide a general solution applicable to continental airspace (including en route, TMA and airport)

– These candidates are considered further as part of a full technology investigation

– Some technologies can be considered in the context of specific domains

• Oceanic: Inmarsat, Custom Satellite (also counted as potential continental solutions)

• Airport: IEEE 802.16e (not considered applicable as a continental solution)

10

EUROCONTROL Screening Short List

• Eurocontrol presented their current technology short list at the ICAO ACP WG-C10 meeting (March 17, 2006)

Technology Short List

Evolution of existing aeronautical systems or concepts

• (x) DL3• E-TDMA• (x) DL4

New terrestrial systems

• B-VHF• 3G systems (WCDMA)• P34

Satellite Systems • Inmarsat SwiftBroadband• New satellite system(s)

Airport/surface systems

• 802 derivatives .11x, .16 and .20• Airport Data Link

11

Comparison of Screened Technologies

•INMARSAT Swift Broadband•Custom Satellite•Link 16

• [(x)DL4]

• ADL

Continental

Oceanic

Airport

Continental

Oceanic

Airport

• P-34• Broadband-VHF• Wideband CDMA• Enhanced TDMA• L-band Datalink

[(x)DL3]

• INMARSAT Swift Broadband

• Custom Satellite

• IEEE 802.16

• P-34• Broadband-VHF• Wideband CDMA• Enhanced TDMA• L-band Datalink

[(x)DL3]

• INMARSAT Swift Broadband

• Custom Satellite

• IEEE 802.xx

Common RecommendationsNASA – ITT Eurocontrol

12

Initial Detailed Technology Evaluation Scores

Technology Evaluation - Overall Averaged Score

P34B-VHF

WCDMA Cus. Sat. E-TDMA LDL INMARSAT

LINK-16

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

• Initial implementation of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (Detailed Evaluation Process) identifies two leading candidates, P34 and B-VHF

– Additional candidates that scored well include W-CDMA, E-TDMA, and LDL

– Inmarsat and emerging satellite technologies that utilize AMS(R)S spectrum score well and are recommended for remote airspace

– 802.16e is recommended for use on the airport surface

• Phase II in-depth technology investigations that support the Detailed Evaluations have considered P34, LDL, 802.16e and satellites; further study of the following technologies is recommended for Phase III

– WCDMA– B-VHF– L-Band E-TDMA

• Initial implementation of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (Detailed Evaluation Process) identifies two leading candidates, P34 and B-VHF

– Additional candidates that scored well include W-CDMA, E-TDMA, and LDL

– Inmarsat and emerging satellite technologies that utilize AMS(R)S spectrum score well and are recommended for remote airspace

– 802.16e is recommended for use on the airport surface

• Phase II in-depth technology investigations that support the Detailed Evaluations have considered P34, LDL, 802.16e and satellites; further study of the following technologies is recommended for Phase III

– WCDMA– B-VHF– L-Band E-TDMA

13

Action Request

• The ACP Working Group is invited to consider the technology investigation activities described in this paper; including the methodology employed, the screened technology results and the preliminary detailed evaluation results, and to provide comments if desired

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