A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.
description
Transcript of A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.
A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)
only.
WRONG ANSWER!!!TRY AGAIN
WRONG ANSWER!!!TRY AGAIN
WRONG ANSWER!!!TRY AGAIN
READ IT !!!
CARBON COMPOUND
(ALCOHOLS)PRESENTED BY :
NURHANISAH ZULKIFLI NORASHIKIN MD RODZI
JUHANIS MOHAMED ZAHARI
ALCOHOL
Elements in alcohols
Examples of alcohols
Effects of alcohols on
health
Characteristic
General Formula
Uses of alcohols
Experiment Quiz
An alcohol is an compound. It contains of 3 elements that is
and
ALCOHOLS
No.Because elements in alcohols contain an oxygen.
Is Alcohols a hydrocarbon??
why??
Alcohol molecular formula
Structural formula Boiling point(°C)
Methanol
CH3OH H H C O H H
65
Ethanol C2H5OH H H H C C O H H H
78
Propanol C3H7OH H H HH C C C O H H H H
97
Alcohol Organic acid
Esters
Methanol Ethanoic acid Methyl ethanoate
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Butanoic acid Ethyl butanoate
Methanoic acid Ethyl methanoate
Propanoic acid Ethyl propanoate
General formula for alcohol:
n is positive integer, n = 1,2,3……
The names of alcohols end with ‘-ol’. Examples ethanol.
CnH2n+1OH
Ethanol is produced through fermentation.
By action of yeast, sugars or starch are converted into ethanol.
The fermentation of sugar using yeast is optimum at 37°C.If it get too hot, the enzyme will be destroyed.But if the temperature is too low, the yeast become inactive.
Glucose
Yeast contains an enzyme, zymase that helps to break down sugar to produce
ethanol and carbon dioxide.
(Zymase enzyme)
yeastEthanol + Carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Alcohol is a colourless volatile liquid with a sweet smell.
miscible in water. Both the boiling point and melting point
increase as the number of carbon atoms in its molecule increase (get larger).
The miscibility of alcohol in water decreases as molecules get larger.
Alcohol burns easily with a clear blue flame in a plentiful supply of air to produce carbon dioxide and water only.
Alcohol + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water
Esterification Reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid
catalyzed by little concentrated sulphuric
acid to produce an ester. Alcohol + organic
acid
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Ester +
Water
Example :
Ethanol + ethanoic acid
Ethyl ethanoate + water
Concentrated sulphuric acid
C2H5OH + CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
H2SO4
FUELS
SOLVENTS COSMETICS
MEDICINES
SOLVENTSAlcohols are good solvents for dissolving organic compound which are insoluble in water.Ethanol : Dissolve shellac, varnishes,
perfumes and dyes. Methylated spirit : Solvent for varnishes
and paints.
COSMETICSAftershave lotion
Cleanser
Perfumes
MEDICINESMild antiseptic for
cleaning injured skin and prevents infections.Sterilise the skin before giving an injection.Dissolve medicines which are insoluble in water.
FUELS
2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g) 2CO2(g)+4H2O(l)+heat energy
Heat energy released can be used to run motor vehicles.
EFFECTS…
Health Problem
Social Problem
Psychiatric Problem
HEALTH PROBLEM
Liver diseases such as hepatitis
Obesity
Heart diseases
High blood pressure
SOCIAL PROBLEMDrinking too much
alcohol cause a person to get drunk.
Increased crime rates. (fights,thefts)
Increased accident rates.
PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEM
Alcohol acts as a depressant.
Drinking too much alcohol cause a person to be anxious.
EXPERIMENT 4.2
Aim : To study the properties of alcohol.
Problem : What are the physical and chemical properties of alcohol.
Hypothesis : Alcohol can be identified by their physical and chemical properties.
Record your observation in thetable given.
QUIZQuestion 1
Question 2
Question 3
1. WHICH ONE IS THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR ALCOHOL??
A) CnH2n+1OHB) C2nHn+1OHC) C2n+1HnOH
2. ALL THE FOLLOWING IS THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL, EXCEPT…….
A) HEALTH PROBLEMB) SOCIAL PROBLEMC) FINANCIAL PROBLEM
3. WHAT IS ELEMANT IN ALCOHOL?
A) CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGENB) HYDROCARBON, OXYGEN, CARBON