A Human/Robotic Exploration Design Reference …...Spudiset al., 2014; Cassanelli and Head, 2016)...
Transcript of A Human/Robotic Exploration Design Reference …...Spudiset al., 2014; Cassanelli and Head, 2016)...
JamesHead,CarlePieters,DavidScott,BrandonJohnson,RossPotter:BrownUniv.,Providence,RIUSA
JeffreyHoffman:MIT,Cambridge,MAUSABernardFoing:ESAESTEC,Noordwijk,TheNetherlands
LevZelenyi,IgorMitrofanov:InstituteforSpaceResearch,RAS,Moscow,RussiaMikhailMarov,AlexanderBasilevsky,MikhailIvanov:Vernadsky Institute,RAS,
Moscow,RussiaRalfJaumann,DLRInstituteofPlanetaryResearch,Berlin,GermanyLongXiao:ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan,Hubei,ChinaJunichiHaruyama,MakikoOhtake:ISAS,JAXA,Sagamihara,Japan
P.Senthil Kumar:CSIR-NGRI,Hyderabad,IndiaOded Aharonson:Weizmann Institute,Rehovot,Israel
AHuman/RoboticExplorationDesignReferenceCampaignArchitecture:OpportunitiesforCommercialMissions
ApolloLunarExplorationProgram:SixScientificExpeditionstotheMoon
EstablishedtheMoonasaCornerstoneforSolarSystemScience
TheMoonasa CornerstoneforSolarSystemScience
-Oneormorespacecraftcurrently/recentlyorbitingeachofthe terrestrialplanets.
-Wehavefundamentalquestionsabouttheformationandevolutionofeachoftheseplanetarybodies,andtogethertheterrestrialplanetarybodiesasawhole.
-Manyofthesequestionscanonlybeansweredinthecontextoflunarexploration
1.Theimportanceofcoordinatedhuman/roboticexploration.2.WhytheOrientalemulti-ringbasin?3.Human/RoboticScientificDestinationsatOrientale.4. TheHuman/RoboticArchitecture:ABasisforDesignReference
Missions.
ExplorationofPlanetaryCrusts:AHuman/RoboticExplorationDesignReferenceCampaign
totheLunarOrientaleBasin
1.Theimportanceofcoordinatedhuman/roboticexploration.2.WhytheOrientalemulti-ringbasin?3.Human/RoboticScientificDestinationsatOrientale.4. TheHuman/RoboticArchitecture:ABasisforDesignReference
Missions.
ExplorationofPlanetaryCrusts:AHuman/RoboticExplorationDesignReferenceCampaign
totheLunarOrientaleBasin
Human/RoboticExplorationOptimizationCentersonSixThemes
• I)Precursor (Whatdoweneedtoknowbeforewesendhumans?).
• II)Context (Whataretheroboticmissionrequirementsforfinallandingsiteselectionandregionalcontextforlandingsiteresults?).
• III)Infrastructure/Operations (Whatspecificroboticcapabilitiesarerequiredtooptimizehumanscientificexplorationperformance?).
• IV)Interpolation (Howdoweuseroboticmissionstointerpolatebetweenhumantraverses?).
• V)Extrapolation (Howdoweuseroboticmissionstoextrapolatebeyondthehumanexplorationradius?).
• VI)Progeny (Whattargetedroboticsuccessormissionsmightbesenttotheregiontofollowupondiscoveriesduringexplorationandfrompost-campaignanalysis?).
What is the Relationship of Human and Robotic Exploration?
Apollo19-21Dual-ModeRovingVehicle
1.Theimportanceofcoordinatedhuman/roboticexploration.2.WhytheOrientalemulti-ringbasin?3.Human/RoboticScientificDestinationsatOrientale.4. TheHuman/RoboticArchitecture:ABasisforDesignReference
Missions.
ExplorationofPlanetaryCrusts:AHuman/RoboticExplorationDesignReferenceCampaign
totheLunarOrientaleBasin
FormationandEvolutionofPlanetaryCrusts
TheMoonisaLaboratoryfortheStudyofPrimaryandSecondaryCrustsinEarlyPlanetaryHistory.
S.R.Taylor
• 1. Crustalgeometry/physicalstructure• 2. Crustalchemistry/mineralogy/petrology;• 3. Exogenic crustal modificationbyimpacts;• 4. Chronologyofcrustalformation/evolution.
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Bowl shapedCircular rim
SwirlFlat floor
Polygonaloutline
Central peakTerraces
Cra
ter D
epth
(km
)
Crater Diameter (km)
FreshCraterCharacteristics
MajorLunarFeatures:Multi-ringbasins:
What about thetransition to
Peak-Ring Basins?
(R. Pike)
Lunar Orientale Impact Basin: The Type Area for Lunar Basin Formation and Evolution.
Orientale Basin: Rings & Geologic Units
Hevelius Formation(Basin Ejecta Deposit)
Montes Rook Fm.(Knobby, Domical Deposit)
Maunder Formation(Basin Impact Melt Deposit)
(J.McCauley,D.Wilhelms,D.Scott,K.Howard,C.Hodges)
Ejecta Thickness (Isopach) Map of the Hevelius Formation
(Fassett andHead, 2011,GRL)
CompositionoftheEjecta fromtheOrientaleBasin:CrustandMantle
StructureandCompositionoftheLunarCrust:TheMagmaOceanModel
• Crustaverages~50±16kmthick.• Upperandlowercrustaboutequal.• Uppercrustheavilymodifiedinthe
upper~10kmbyimpactprocesses.
Megaregolith(~10kmthick)
------------------------------UpperAnorthositic Crust
(~15kmthick)------------------------------
LowerNoritic Crust(~25kmthick) “NewViewsoftheMoon”(2006)
Hevelius Formation(Basin Ejecta Deposit)
Feldspathicbreccias;homogeneous,well-mixed.
Montes Rook Fm.(Knobby, Domical Deposit)
Feldspathicbreccias;someanorthositeblocks.
Maunder Formation(Basin Impact Melt Deposit)
MoonMineralogyMapper(M3)
Orientale Basin: Rings & Geologic Units
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Cordillera Mountains: Feldspathicbreccias;
unweathered.
Outer Rook Mountains: Norites,noriticanorthosite
andanorthosite;morecrystallineblocks.
Inner Rook Mountains: Massifsarecrystallineanorthosite;discretepeaksandclustersofpeaks.
RedDots (InnerRookMountains):Materials>~98%plagioclase(Cheeketal.,2012)
(Pietersetal.,2009,2011;Headetal.,2010,2012;Cheeketal.,2012)
Maunder Formation(Basin Impact Melt Deposit)
Orientale Impact Melt Sea
(WilsonandHead,2010;Vaughanetal,2011,2012;
Spudis etal.,2014;Cassanelli andHead,2016)
Lunar Orientale Basin: Link to Apollo Missions Environments/Results
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(Whittenetal.,2010)
FillingoftheOrientaleBasinwithMareDeposits.
1.Theimportanceofcoordinatedhuman/roboticexploration.2.WhytheOrientalemulti-ringbasin?3.Human/RoboticScientificDestinationsatOrientale.4. TheHuman/RoboticArchitecture:ABasisforDesignReference
Missions.
ExplorationofPlanetaryCrusts:AHuman/RoboticExplorationDesignReferenceCampaign
totheLunarOrientaleBasin
-IftheOuterRookringrepresents thetransientcavityrimcrest, whatistheoriginofthe CordilleramountainringandtheMontesRookFormation?
RegionofInterest(ROI)1:OriginofBasinRings/CrustalStructure
ROI2:WhatistheOriginoftheInnerRookMountains?
Maunder Formation(Basin Impact Melt Deposit)
ROI 3-Orientale Impact Melt Sea
(WilsonandHead,2010;Vaughanetal,2011,2012;
Spudis etal.,2014;Cassanelli andHead,2016)
ROI4-ExplosiveVolcanicIonianRing
1.Theimportanceofcoordinatedhuman/roboticexploration.2.WhytheOrientalemulti-ringbasin?3.Human/RoboticScientificDestinationsatOrientale.4. TheHuman/RoboticArchitecture:ABasisforDesignReference
Missions.
ExplorationofPlanetaryCrusts:AHuman/RoboticExplorationDesignReferenceCampaign
totheLunarOrientaleBasin
• I)Precursor (Whatdoweneedtoknowbeforewesendhumans?).
• II)Context (Whataretheroboticmissionrequirementsforfinallandingsiteselectionandregionalcontextforlandingsiteresults?).
• III)Infrastructure/Operations (Whatspecificroboticcapabilitiesarerequiredtooptimizehumanscientificexplorationperformance?).
• IV)Interpolation (Howdoweuseroboticmissionstointerpolatebetweenhumantraverses?).
• V)Extrapolation (Howdoweuseroboticmissionstoextrapolatebeyondthehumanexplorationradius?).
• VI)Progeny (Whattargetedroboticsuccessormissionsmightbesenttotheregiontofollowupondiscoveriesduringexplorationandfrompost-campaignanalysis?).
LunarScienceforLandedMissionsWorkshop