A Human Rights-Based Approach to Country Analysis:

3 Steps

Session 5

Session objectives

• Understand the value added of a HRBA in country analysis and UN programming

• Apply the HRBA to the analysis of real country development challenges in three basic steps: causal, role and capacity gap analysis

Road Map- Preparation process of

the UNDAF

Country Analysis- Review existing

analysis (assessment)

- UNCT supported analysis

- Identify UNCT comparative advantages

Strategic Planning

- Strategic priorities for UNDAF/ UNDAF Action

Plan

Programme Planning &

Implementation (Agency or Multi-Agency

Joint Programmes)

Monitoring & Evaluation

HRBA in UN Programming

- Linking rights to development challenges

- Patterns of discrim., inequality, and

exclusion

- Capacity gaps of RHs and DBs

Empowered rights-holders and accountable duty-

bearers contribute to the realization of human

rights

Strengthened capacities of rights-holders and duty-

bearers

Mechanisms for participation or RHs and

DBs in programe monitoring and evaluation

- Positioning human rights issues

- Inclusion of stakeholders

Human rights principles and

standards

Country AnalysisGATHERING INFORMATION

About development problems from existing sources, esp. national treaty reports and observations and

recommendations from treaty bodies

ANALYSISOf root causes &

their linkages

ASSESSMENTShortlist major development problems

for deeper analysis

Gender Mainstreaming and HRBA

• The human rights of women are an integral part of HRBA

• Non-discrimination is both a principle and a provision of the core international treaties, including CEDAW which is devoted exclusively to eliminating sex discrimination as a means to achieving gender equality.

• Development of benchmarks by data disaggregated by sex – and other (i.e. age, location, ethnicity and disability) and of indicators for measuring progress in the achievement of gender equality.

• It is common to find various forms of discrimination intersecting with gender and where they do there is need for sharper focus and targeting.

Analysis – in three

steps

Causality Analysis

1

Role Analysis

2

Capacity Gap

Analysis

3

Why?Which rights are at stake?

Who has to do something about it?

What do they need to take action?

Assessment Who has been left behind?

What is it?

• The essential first step for HRBA and RBM

• A technique for identifying causes of a problem which can then be used to formulate appropriate responses

• We can map the problem and its causes in the form of a

problem tree

Step 1: Causality AnalysisStep 1: Causality Analysis

CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

Manifestation

Immediate Causes

Underlying causes

Root Causes

Causes of a Problem

Problem TreeHigh incidence

of maternal mortality among rural women from

southern districts

Early pregnanciesInadequate obstetriccare services at the

community level

Contraceptive methodsseen as promoting Women infidelity

Little awareness of sexual and reproductive

rights

Insufficient public serviceaccountability and private sector

regulation

Gender discrimination

Poor planning and implementation capacity and little priority to maternal health

In the national budgetRootcausesRoot

causes

Underlyingcauses

Underlyingcauses

Immediatecauses

Immediatecauses

ManifestationsManifestations

Lack of sensibility and a civil service culture

Using the information from the case study…

Formulate the problem in terms of what is happening, to whom and where – write it on a card

Discuss and identify the immediate, underlying and root causes

Build a problem tree

Use the problem tree to identify the rights standards and principles that are not being fulfilled

Group Work: Causality analysis/problem tree

Group Work: Causality analysis/problem tree

HRBA to Analysis in three steps

Causality Analysis

1

Role Analysis

2

Capacity Gap

Analysis

3

Why?Which rights are at stake?

Who has to do something about it?

What do they need to take action?

Assessment Who is left behind?

Rights holders

Who are they?

What are their claims?

Duty bearers

Who are they?

What are their duties?

Rights holders

Who are they?

What are their claims?

Duty bearers

Who are they?

What are their duties?

Step 2: Role AnalysisStep 2: Role Analysis

Check what the human right standards say about their claims and duties

Check what the human right standards say about their claims and duties

Check also what role is expected from rights-holders & duty bearers in national laws, procedures and policies

Check also what role is expected from rights-holders & duty bearers in national laws, procedures and policies

Example: Right to Education

Rights Holder:

Children with disabilities

Claim: ensure access to quality primary and secondary education without discrimination

Capacity gaps:

Duty-bearer (1):

School Administration

Obligations: improve physical accessibility to classroom and toilets, ensure teachers attendance

Capacity gaps:

Duty-bearer (2):

Provincial Direction of Education

OBs.: carry out regular inspections in public and private schools and address individual complaints

Capacity gaps:

Duty Bearer (3):

Ministry of Education

OBs.: promote inclusive education policies, train teachers, adapt textbooks

Capacity gaps:

1. From your causal analysis, select one of the causes in which you want to focus on and highlight why you chose it

2. Identify a main right-holder and a critical claim

3. Identify the max. 3 duty-bearers who should do something about that claim and their most critical obligations

Group Work: Role Analysis Group Work: Role Analysis

Example: Right to Education

Rights Holder: Claim: Capacity gaps:

Duty-bearer (1): Obligations: Capacity gaps:

Duty-bearer (2): OBs.: Capacity gaps:

Duty Bearer (3): OBs.: Capacity gaps:

HRBA to analysis in three steps

Causality analysis

1

Role analysis

2

Capacity gap

analysis

3

Why?Which rights are at stake?

Who has to do something about it?

What do they need to take action?

Assessment Who is left behind?

Duty Bearers capacity elements:

Can?- Knowledge- Resources (human, technical and financial)- Organizational abilities

Want?- Responsibility/motivation /leadership

Should?- Authority

Rights-holders capacity elements:

Can?- Knowledge- resources- individual abilities

Want?- Security- motivation

Enabling environment- right to participate- Information- freedom of association and expression

Step 3: Capacity Gap AnalysisStep 3: Capacity Gap Analysis

Based on the role analysis

1. Go back to the right-holders claim and select the 2 to 3 most critical corresponding duty-bearers obligations

2. For each RH and DB, identify their key capacity gaps The things that prevent duty bearers from performing their roles and rights-holders from claiming their rights

3. List the key capacity gaps identified

Group Work: Capacity Gap Analysis

Group Work: Capacity Gap Analysis

Example: Right to Education

Rights Holder: Claim: Capacity gaps:

Duty-bearer (1): Obligations: Capacity gaps:

Duty-bearer (2): OBs.: Capacity gaps:

Duty Bearer (3): OBs.: Capacity gaps:

GalleryYour opportunity to “visit” other groups and give feedbackOrganise your 3 steps on the wall Choose one person to stay with your analysis to answer questions

– Causality Analysis: Is there a logical flow in the causality analysis and clarity of problems, particularly at lower level of framework?

– Role Analysis: Are the claims and obligations intuitive and presented in plain language – when you read an obligation can you imagine a corresponding action?

– Capacity Gaps: Is there sufficient attention to capacity gaps that address the lower levels of the framework – related to critical gaps in legal, institutional and policy and budgetary frameworks?

– Gender Dimension: How well does the analysis reflect the different ways that women and men experience the development challenge? Will the capacities address the root causes of gender inequality?

!! Remember to leave comments on post-it notes

What next?

Linking HRBA with RBM