A House Divided The Nation Breaking Apart (1820-1860)
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Transcript of A House Divided The Nation Breaking Apart (1820-1860)
A House A House DividedDivided
The Nation Breaking The Nation Breaking Apart (1820-1860)Apart (1820-1860)
Sectionalism and Sectionalism and CompromiseCompromise
North was based on North was based on industry and small, white industry and small, white farmersfarmers
South relied on plantation South relied on plantation agriculture, slave labor as agriculture, slave labor as well as farmerswell as farmers
Compromise used to settle Compromise used to settle differencesdifferences
Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise
Created in 1820 to Created in 1820 to determine future expansion determine future expansion of slaveryof slavery
Missouri entered Union as Missouri entered Union as slave stateslave state
Maine’s statehood kept the Maine’s statehood kept the balance between free and balance between free and slave states in Senate slave states in Senate
Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise
Compromise stated that 36º Compromise stated that 36º 30’ N. latitude would be the 30’ N. latitude would be the dividing line of slavery dividing line of slavery expansion west into expansion west into territoriesterritories
Areas south of line would Areas south of line would have slavery while those have slavery while those north would notnorth would not
Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Needed to organize new land Needed to organize new land
from Mexicofrom Mexico Proposed by Henry Clay and Proposed by Henry Clay and
included 4 major points:included 4 major points: Slavery not excluded from Slavery not excluded from
Utah and New Mexico Utah and New Mexico territories, voters would territories, voters would decide issuedecide issue
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 California admitted as free California admitted as free
statestate Strict Fugitive Slave Law Strict Fugitive Slave Law
passedpassed Slave trade abolished in Slave trade abolished in
District of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia Each item passed as separate Each item passed as separate
billbill
Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law Included in Compromise of Included in Compromise of
18501850 Southern states wanted Southern states wanted
Northern support in returning Northern support in returning slavesslaves
Northerners had been using Northerners had been using Underground Railroad to help Underground Railroad to help escaped slaves get to Canadaescaped slaves get to Canada
Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law Law said all citizens had to help Law said all citizens had to help
catch and return runaway slavescatch and return runaway slaves Brutally enforced by slaveownersBrutally enforced by slaveowners Southerners saw law as Southerners saw law as
important to nationimportant to nation Hated and avoided by many in Hated and avoided by many in
NorthNorth
Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law
Kansas-Nebraska Kansas-Nebraska ActAct Created in 1854 to pave way Created in 1854 to pave way
for transcontinental railroadfor transcontinental railroad Repealed Missouri Repealed Missouri
Compromise and used Compromise and used popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty Idea promoted by Stephen Idea promoted by Stephen Douglas that citizens could Douglas that citizens could determine their own destinydetermine their own destiny
Passed with Southern Passed with Southern support because of support because of possibility of slaverypossibility of slavery
Kansas-Nebraska Kansas-Nebraska ActAct
Northerners against act Northerners against act formed Republican Partyformed Republican Party
Settlers fought over slavery Settlers fought over slavery in Kansas causing in Kansas causing “Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”
Two governments struggled Two governments struggled for control of the statefor control of the state
Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act
Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision Scott, a slave, brought by Scott, a slave, brought by
master to Illinois and Wisconsinmaster to Illinois and Wisconsin Sued for freedom since he had Sued for freedom since he had
been in free state and territorybeen in free state and territory Supreme Court ruled in 1857 Supreme Court ruled in 1857
that Scott was not a citizen and that Scott was not a citizen and was still a slavewas still a slave
Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision Court also ruled that Court also ruled that
Congress could not Congress could not determine slavery in determine slavery in territoriesterritories
Republicans despised Republicans despised decision and sought to gain decision and sought to gain control of Supreme Courtcontrol of Supreme Court
Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision
Dred ScottDred Scott
John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid Brown, who fought in Kansas, Brown, who fought in Kansas,
was an extreme abolitionistwas an extreme abolitionist Wanted to start slave rebellionWanted to start slave rebellion Attacked arsenal at Harper’s Attacked arsenal at Harper’s
Ferry, VA on October 16, 1859 Ferry, VA on October 16, 1859 to gain weapons for revoltto gain weapons for revolt
Captured after no slaves Captured after no slaves joined himjoined him
John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid Brown tried for treason Brown tried for treason
and hangedand hanged Many in North praised Many in North praised
him as herohim as hero Southerners were Southerners were
horrified and wondered horrified and wondered how they could share a how they could share a country with such country with such people.people. John BrownJohn Brown
Election of 1860Election of 1860 Democrats split Democrats split
over slaveryover slavery Northern Dems Northern Dems
wanted popular wanted popular sovereigntysovereignty
Southern Dems Southern Dems wanted protection wanted protection of slavery in of slavery in territoriesterritories
DouglasDouglasBreckinridgeBreckinridge
Election of 1860Election of 1860
Republicans called Republicans called for limiting spread for limiting spread of slavery; NOT of slavery; NOT ending it.ending it.
Constitutional Constitutional Union Party favored Union Party favored compromise and compromise and avoided slaveryavoided slavery
BellBell
LincolnLincoln
Election of 1860Election of 1860
What will happen What will happen now?now?
Southern states scared Lincoln Southern states scared Lincoln will outlaw slaverywill outlaw slavery
High mistrust between North and High mistrust between North and South South
ANSWER Q’s AS 9.5 - SECESSIONANSWER Q’s AS 9.5 - SECESSION If Southern states don’t like If Southern states don’t like
president, what could they do? president, what could they do? (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)
Secession – removing Secession – removing from Unionfrom Union
Is secession legal?Is secession legal? Can states just up and leave Can states just up and leave
the Union when they want to?the Union when they want to? What should Lincoln do? What should Lincoln do?
Southern states claim to be new Southern states claim to be new nation (Confederate States of nation (Confederate States of Amer.)Amer.)
New president is Jefferson DavisNew president is Jefferson Davis (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)
What about North What about North Carolina?Carolina?
What should North Carolina What should North Carolina do? Should it secede too?do? Should it secede too?Yes=show support for Yes=show support for neighbor states & protect neighbor states & protect slaveryslavery
No=stay loyal to U.S.; slavery No=stay loyal to U.S.; slavery not that big of a dealnot that big of a deal
(Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)
Open NC Textbook to Open NC Textbook to p. 333p. 333
Read 1Read 1stst paragraph in paragraph in Reactions in NC out loud Reactions in NC out loud as class with gesturesas class with gestures
Fort SumterFort Sumter Why did NC not secede at Why did NC not secede at
same time as SC? same time as SC? (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)
April 12, 1861 – SC troops April 12, 1861 – SC troops attack Fort Sumter in attack Fort Sumter in CharlestonCharlestonRead 2Read 2ndnd paragraph as class paragraph as classRead 3Read 3rdrd paragraph as class paragraph as class
NC secedes to join NC secedes to join CSACSA
What was the final straw that What was the final straw that made NC decide to secede? made NC decide to secede? (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)
How was NC unique among How was NC unique among Southern states in the way it Southern states in the way it felt about the war? felt about the war? (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)