A Geographical Characterization of YouTube: a Latin American View Fernando Duarte, Fabrício...
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Transcript of A Geographical Characterization of YouTube: a Latin American View Fernando Duarte, Fabrício...
A Geographical Characterization of YouTube: a Latin American View
Fernando Duarte, Fabrício Benevenuto, Virgílio Almeida, Jussara Almeida
Federal University of Minas Gerais – Brazil
Outline
• Motivation and Goals• YouTube Features• Crawler and Sampling• Geographical Characterization• Conclusions and Future Work
Motivation and Goals
• YouTube is a popular online social video sharing service which generates high-volumes of Internet traffic
• YouTube Popularity in Latin American (from www.alexa.com)– 6th in Argentina and Paraguay, – 5th in Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Peru,– 4th in Ecuador and Venezuela.
• Goal: characterize influence of geographical localization of users on traffic and social relationship.– Focus on Latin American
YouTube Features
Users – users interactions• add users as friends• subscribe to another user
Users – videos• watch videos• upload videos (unlimited)• add videos as favorite• post a comment to a video• respond a video with
another video• rating a video
Videos• Have a list of 20
related videos• are distributed in 14
categories
Sampling Mechanism
• Sampling Strategy:– collect information of popular videos and analyze the
user interactions around these videos.
• First crawler: Collect metadata information of Videos– Start from top all time viewed video and collect the
related videos recursively in snowball fashion• Snowball uses a Breadth first scheme
• Second Crawler: Collect metadata information of Users from the first crawler– User who uploaded videos, posted comments or
video responses.
Server
Client 1
Crawler Architecture
Client 2
…
Client 7
• Collected information of over 2 million videos, exhausting 6 tiers in 11 days (from Apr 3rd to 14th)
• 96 of the 100 most all-time popular videos are part of the sample
• Parallel crawler– Server coordinates the
snowball sampling and – Server avoids redundant
data collection – 7 Linux boxes
Statistics of videos and users collected
• USA is responsible for 28% of videos and 38% of users• 7% of users are LA, responsible for 7% of uploads and 6% of views• 13% of users without country information (empty)• # views > # comments > # video responses
Latin American Users
• Table is sorted by number of users• Users from Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina have contributed with more
videos, but in terms of uploads/user Peru leads the rank• In terms of traffic (wached videos) Brazil, Mexico, and Virgin Islands
lead the rank• LA users have an average 22 favorite videos and average of 2 friends
– Orkut and Myspace have an average of 30 and 137 friends respectively
• We guess that most part of the users interact with friends in other online social network and use YouTube essentially to watch videos
Video Popularity
• Curve of number of views does not descend linearly • 10% of the top popular LA videos concentrate 76% of the views:
caching• LA videos are less visualized and discussed, generating less traffic
than other videos
Video Duration
• About 80% of the videos are smaller than 5 minutes• There is no difference for different regions
Use of Social Features
• LA users interact less at YouTube than other users.
Use of Social Features
• Besides less interactive, there are LA users with 2400 friends, users who uploaded 1400 videos and sent more than 1200 comments.
User Interactions
• Observe the percentage of comments for videos from LA, USA and others.
• Plot the distribution of this percentage
Latin American videos
Textual InteractionsLatin American videos USA videos
• The probability of LA videos have more than 60% of comments from LA users is 0.32 (from USA is only 0.08)
• Videos have higher probability to receive comments from same region• Potential use of CDNs (assuming that number of views is also
influenced by geographical factors)• Few LA users interact with videos from USA/others, but USA/others
interact with LA users
Conclusions and Future Work
• We present a geographical characterization of YouTube, highlighting a number of differences between Latin American users and other countries
• Main Findings– Videos uploaded by LA users present different characteristics
than videos uploads by users from other regions: less visualized and discussed.
– Top popular videos concentrate most part of the views, suggesting the use of caching
– Interactions present strong influence of geographical localization, suggesting the use of CDNs to improve performance
• Future Work– Analyzing impact of language on traffic and user behavior– Explore social networks characteristics of interactions between
users and videos across different regions