A G R I C U L T U R A L U N I V E R S I T Y O F A T H E N S 2nd International Conference on «Novel...
34
LYRA D., ECONOMOU G. AND SOTIRAKOGLOU K. AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, IERA ODOS 75, 11855 HELLAS E-MAIL: [email protected] A G R I C U L T U R A L U N I V E R S I T Y O F A T H E N S 2nd International Conference on «Novel and Sustainable Weed Management in arid and semi-arid agro-ecosystems» 7-10 September Santorini Hellas Could marine algae consist an auxilliary tool for Orobanche management ?
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Transcript of A G R I C U L T U R A L U N I V E R S I T Y O F A T H E N S 2nd International Conference on «Novel...
LYRA D., ECONOMOU G. AND SOTIRAKOGLOU K.
AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, IERA ODOS 75, 11855 HELLAS
E-MAIL: [email protected]
A G R I C U L T U R A L U N I V E R S I T Y O F A T H E N S
2nd International Conference on «Novel and Sustainable Weed Management in arid and semi-arid agro-ecosystems» 7-10 September Santorini Hellas
Could marine algae consist an auxilliary tool for Orobanche
management ?
Unusual life
cycle
High potential
of broomrape
seeds in the soil
seed bankTotal dependence on the host
Almost all control methods for broomrape have not proven to be as effective
economical and applicable as desired
Urgent need
for effective
control methods……
Urgent need
for effective
control methods…………
O r o b a n c h e s p e c i e s
I n v a d e N e w A r e a s
p r o b a b l y
d u e t o
G l o b a l
E f f e c t
R e s t r u c t u r I n g o f c r o p s
Cost Action 849 “Parasitic Plant Management in Sustainable Agriculture”
Urgent need
for effective
control methods…………
P P L I C A B L E
A R G E T E D
H E A P
A
C
T
B I O L O G I C A L C O N T R O L
I n s e c t s ( i.e. Phytomyza orobanchia )
P a t h o g e n s ( i.e. fungi )
S t i m u l a n t s
(Trenchev, 1981)
(Boari and Vurro, 2004)
(Wegmann, 2006)
“ S u i c i d a l
G e r m i n a t i o n”
S t i m u l a n t s
I n d u c t i o n
I n h i b i t i o n
N a t u r a l
(plant origin)
Strigolactones
S t i m u l a n t s
S y n t h e t i c
Strigolactones
GR
N e w s o u r c e s
a l g a e
Seaweeds : Treasure from the seaWallenkemp, J. O. Treasure from the sea. Organic Gard. and F. 2(3) :52-53
P l a n t g r o w t h r e g u l a t o r s M a j o r a n d m I n o r e l e m e n t s P r o t e I n sC a r b o h y d r a t e s A m I n o a c I d s V i t a m I n s a n d A n t I o x I d a n t s
o Increased nutrient uptakeo Greater resistance to diseases, frosto Higher yieldso Better quality producto Reduction of storage loss
Seaweeds are excellent
sources of:
Beneficial
effects on
plants
H y p o t h e s i s
M a r i n e a l g a e could have
b e n e f i c i a l effects for
O r o b a n c h e control
A s c o p h y l l u m n o d o s u m (An)
An- informationAn is a member of the
order Fucales(apical cell group).
It generally grows upward in the
water column anchoring to hard
substrates using a holdfast.
Upward growth promotes the
maximum absorption of sunlight
for photosynthesis (Lobban 1985).
Geographical distribution
An formulations
Suicidal Germinati
on(Economou et al.
2007)
SystemicAcquired
Resistance(S.A.R.)
(Gonsior et al. 2004)
A. nodosum effect on
O r o b a n c h e control
Steps of our research activity
G. Economou et al. (2007) Phytoparasitica 35(4):367-375
Step 1: Evaluation of effective dose of Algit Super® (an An extract)
Data 1
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
25
50
75
100P2BDCAG.GEOTITHB
0.019 V/V
Germ
inatio
n (%
)
Log [Algit Super®]
GR
A. nodosu
m
Longer radicle
Plant hormonesCytokinin
es
Giberellins
Auxines
Betaines (Crouch, I. J. and van Staden, J. 1993)
(Stirk, W.A. and van Staden, J. 1997)
Plant regulating
role
Step 2: Evaluation of A. nodosum components
…..growth regulators effect…..
“ …plant growth
regulators have a
stimulatory effect on
Orobanche seeds…”
(Batchvarova et al. )
Analysis of variance among the growth regulators showed differences not statistically significant (F-value: 4,13 p: 0.0522).
Beatine appeared to be the best seed stimulant relative to Kinetin, IAA and GA3, with higher mean values of germinability.
Step 3: Identifying the factors involved in An efficacy
Orobanche species (Ph. ramosa, Ph. aegyptiaca, O. crenata)
Temperature effect (18, 20, 23οC)
Population variability (18 Ph. ramosa, 16 Ph. aegyptiaca, 10 O. crenata)
Statistical analysis Response to stimulants best fit with Boltzmann
function (GraphPad Prism 4.03)
Kruskal – Wallis test / Nemenyi test/ Box-Whisker plot
Orobanche species – Temperature - Germination (1)Temperature 18 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Temperature 20 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Temperature 23 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0GRF
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Temperature 18 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Temperature 20 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Temperature 23 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0GRF
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
GR24
Algit Super
GR24
Algit Super
Ph. aegyptiacaPh. aegyptiaca Ph. aegyptiaca
Ph. ramosa Ph. ramosaPh. ramosa
Temperature 18 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Temperature 20 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Temperature 23oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0GRF
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Time (days)
Germ
in
atio
n (%
)
GR24
Algit SuperO. crenata O. crenataO. crenata
Orobanche species – Temperature - Germination (2)
Orobanche species – Temperature - Radicle length (1)
Temperature 18 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Temperature 20 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Temperature 23 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0GRF
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Temperature 18 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Temperature 20 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Temperature 23 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0GRF
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Ph. aegyptiacaPh. aegyptiaca Ph. aegyptiaca
Ph. ramosa Ph. ramosaPh. ramosa
GR24
Algit Super
GR24
Algit Super
Orobanche species – Temperature - Radicle length (2)
Temperature 18 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Temperature 20 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Temperature 23 oC
Orobanche aegyptiaca
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0GRF
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ramosa
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche ?
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
Orobanche crenata
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Time (days)
Len
gth
o
f rad
icle
O. crenata O. crenataO. crenataGR24
Algit Super
Population variability – Ph. aegyptiaca
Germination
Radicle length
Population variability - Ph. ramosa
Germination
Radicle length
Population variability – O. crenata
Germination
Radicle length
Key message (1)
An stimulating effect
An components are under investigation
?
Key message (2)
The higher radicle elongation
Catch crops ?
Active
EnvironmentaL benign
Natural aGent
EconomicAl feasible
CommercializEd
Unknown behaviour in a complex biosystem
Seaweed extracts
have a place in Orobanche
management as a part of an
integrated approach ……the findings would
corroborate the claims….
S a s e f h a r i s t o p o l i
Thank you very
much
