Coordinated by: McCall Parks and Recreation and Community Development Department 216 East Park Street, McCall, Idaho 83638 208-634-3006

With Assistance from: National Park Service Rivers & Trails Program

909 First Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 206-220-4116

A G E N D A McCall Area Pathway Master Plan Meeting #5

May 11, 2011

7:00-9:00 pm McCall Legion Hall

7:00 Welcome & Introductions

• Greetings • Meeting Purpose and Agenda • Meeting Summary

7:10 Event updates

7:30 Sub-committee Updates Inventory Health Marketing/Outreach

7:45 Overview of Pathway Process with Harmony Design and Engineering 8:00 Goals and next steps for the public planning charrettes (June 15-17) 8:30 Adjourn

PATHWAY MASTER PLANNING MEETING Meeting Summary

April 20, 2011 – 7:00 p.m. McCall Public Library

218 East Park Street, McCall, ID 83638

Pathway Master Planning Meeting Page 1 of 1 April 20, 2011 Minutes

McCall Area Pathway Meeting #5 MEETING – Begins at 7:00 p.m. Matt Linde from IDPR, Andy Olavarria from Valley County Pathways, and Michelle Groenevelt from the City of McCall were present. McCall Area Pathway Master Plan Michelle told the group that staff talked with Harmony Design and Engineering about the McCall Area Pathway Master Plan timeline. The consultants will come to McCall on May 11 to meeting with the Pathway committee. There will just be one meeting in May to meet with Harmony and the sub-committees will continue to work on their subjects. At the May 11 meeting, the committee will decide if we need to meet again in May. The first public charrette for the Pathway Master Plan will be held June 15-17, 2011. Harmony principals have marked these dates on their calendar. Harmony is going to develop a survey to collect additional public comment. There was some discussion about a federal law related to mobility. Matt will keep the group informed on the issue. May is National Bike Month There was discussion about promoting a Bike to Work/School Day. It should be planned for the third week of May (maybe on Wednesday or Thursday). Staff can develop a flyer, Andy will contact the school about a good date, and the group will promote the event. There might be opportunities to get some stickers, bike reflectors, etc. for the school kids. The meeting was adjourned at 7:40 pm.

McCall Area Pathway Health Sub-Committee April 6, 2011

Look at other communities for positive pathway examples: Sun Valley/Ketchum/Hailey, ID; Bend, OR; Boise Waldo Lake, OR

Tools: • City/Count Resolution • City Code • Complete Streets Policy for City and County

Health

• Collect data on individuals and community (sources: TIGER data, demographics, Health District • General information on health benefits • Need amenities for healthy lifestyles, events that promote biking and walking • Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) – find some examples- Idaho Smart Growth

Flyer with Survey

• Pull some general questions • Basic information on Real Estate Values- fin resources • Local business/economic development benefits • Transportation • Tourism

Events

• Bike Rodeo • National Trail Day • Bike/Walk to School/Work • Bike Races (CIMBA, Wild Rockies) • Helmet donation

National Center for Environmental HealthDivision of Emergency and Environmental Health Services

Health impact assessment (HIA) is commonly defined as “a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population” (1999 Gothenburg consensus statement).

HIA can be used to evaluate objectively the potential health effects of a project or policy before it is built or implemented. It can provide recommendations to increase positive health outcomes and minimize adverse health outcomes. A major benefit of the HIA process is that it brings public health issues to the attention of persons who make decisions about areas that fall outside of traditional public health arenas, such as transportation or land use.

Major Steps The major steps in conducting an HIA include

screening (identify projects or policies for which an HIA would be useful), •scoping (identify which health effects to consider), •assessing risks and benefits (identify which people may be affected and •how they may be affected),

developing recommendations (suggest changes to proposals to •promote positive or mitigate adverse health effects),

reporting (present the results to decision-makers), and •evaluating (determine the affect of the HIA on the decision process). •

HIAs are similar in some ways to environmental impact assessments (EIAs), which are mandated processes that focus on environmental outcomes such as air and water quality. However, unlike EIAs, HIAs can be voluntary or regulatory processes that focus on health outcomes such as obesity, physical inactivity, asthma, injuries, and social equity. An HIA encompasses a heterogeneous array of qualitative and quantitative methods and tools. Rapid HIAs can be completed in a few days or weeks; full HIAs may require months to complete. The decision to conduct a rapid or a full HIA is often determined by the available time and resources.

Numerous HIAs have been performed in Europe, Canada, and elsewhere. Some countries have mandated HIA as part of a regulatory process; others have used it in on a voluntary basis. In the United States, interest in the topic is growing, with HIA work being performed by the University of California, Los Angeles, the San Francisco Department of Public Health, and CDC. In October 2004, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and CDC hosted a workshop of domestic and international HIA experts in Princeton to identify the steps needed to move the field of HIA forward in the United States. A summary of the workshop is available at http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/reprint/96/2/262.pdf.

CS216341

Health Impact Assessment

HEALTHYCOMMUNITYDESIGNFact Sheet Series

(Continued on next page)

Resources

For more information about HIA, refer to the following resources:

CDC Healthy Places Web site (http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces) •Dannenberg AL, Bhatia R, Cole BL, et al. Use of health impact assessment in •the U.S.: 27 case studies, 1999–2007. Am J Prev Med 2008;34(3):241–256.

Health Impact Project (www.healthimpact.org) •UCLA Health Impact Assessment Clearinghouse Learning & Information •Center (www.hiaguide.org)

Health Impact Assessment Gateway (http://www.hiagateway.org.uk) •World Health Organization Health Impact Assessment •(http://www.who.int/hia/en/)

International Health Impact Assessment Consortium •(http://www.ihia.org.uk/)

National Association of County and City Health Officials •(http://www.naccho.org/topics/hpdp/land_use_planning/LUP_HealthImpactAssessment.cfm)

E-mail: healthyplaces@cdc.gov

Web: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/

July 2010

HEALTHYCOMMUNITYDESIGNFact Sheet Series

National Center for Environmental HealthDivision of Emergency and Environmental Health Services

CS216341

Healthy Community DesignThe way we design and build our communities can affect our physical and mental health. This fact sheet explains healthy community design and its health benefits.

What Is Healthy Community Design?Healthy community design is planning and designing communities that make it easier for people to live healthy lives. Healthy community design offers important benefits:

Decreases dependence on the automobile by building homes, businesses, schools, •churches and parks closer to each other so that people can more easily walk or bike between them.

Provides opportunities for people to be physically active and socially engaged as •part of their daily routine, improving the physical and mental health of its citizens.

Allows persons, if they choose, to age in place and remain all their lives in •a community that reflects their changing lifestyles and changing physical capabilities.

Ensure access to affordable and healthy food, especially fruits and vegetables. •

What Are the Health Benefits of Healthy Community Design?Healthy community design can provide many advantages:

Promote physical activity. •Improve air quality. •Lower risk of injuries. •Improve healthy eating habits. •Increase social connection and sense of community. •Reduce contributions to climate change. •

What Are Some Healthy Community Design Principles?Healthy community design includes a variety of principles:

Encourage mixed land use and greater land density to shorten distances between •homes, workplaces, schools and recreation so people can walk or bike more easily to them.

Provide good mass transit to reduce the dependence upon automobiles. •Build good pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, including sidewalks and bike •paths that are safely removed from automobile traffic as well as good right of way laws and clear, easy-to-follow signage.

Ensure affordable housing is available for people of all income levels. •Create community centers where people can gather and mingle as part of their •daily activities.

Offer access to green space and parks. •Create outlets for fresh fruits and vegetables, such as community gardens and •farmers markets.

ConclusionDesigning and building healthy communities can improve the quality of life for all people who live, work, worship, learn, and play within their borders—where every person is free to make choices amid a variety of healthy, available, accessible, and affordable options.

ResourcesFor more information, go to http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces.

E-mail: healthyplaces@cdc.govWeb: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/

June 2008

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Washington, DC 20036Phone (202) 783-5550

Fax (202) 783-1583www.naccho .org

l anne r s and pub l i c hea l th o f f i c i a l s a r efo rg ing new pa r tne r sh ips to ach ievesha red goa l s in the i r ju r i sd i c t ions .These goa l s inc lude under s tanding the

impact o f ne ighborhood des ign on re s ident s 'ab i l i t y to be phys i ca l l y ac t ive , the impac t s o fdeve lopment on natura l sy s tems such a saqu i fe r r echarge and g roundwate rcontaminat ion , and the e f fec t s o ft ranspor ta t ion fac i l i t i e s and automobi l e use ona i r qua l i ty and pe r sona l mobi l i ty.

To succeed in such pa r tne r sh ips , eachpro fe s s ion wi l l have a s i gn i f i cant l anguageba r r i e r to ove rcome . Whi l e the mean ing o fva r ious ac ronyms , t e rms , and concept s u sed inthe r e spec t i ve f i e ld s r equ i r e s l i t t l e o r noexp lana t ion when one i s speak ing to o rwr i t ing fo r an aud ience o f f e l low pub l i c hea l thpro f e s s iona l s o r f e l l ow p l anner s , the ca se i squ i t e d i f f e r ent when one addre s se spro fe s s iona l s f rom out s ide the f i e ld . In somecase s , each f i e ld may use the same te rm, butde f ine i t in a much d i f f e r ent way.

Th i s f ac t shee t i s p rov ided to p lanner s , pub l i chea l th p ro f e s s iona l s , and a l l o the r s who a r ein te re s t ed in the bene f i t s o f in te rd i s c ip l ina ryco l l abora t ion be tween the two f i e ld s . I t c an beused a s a s t a r t ing po int fo r d i s cus s ionsbe tween pub l i c hea l th p ro fe s s iona l s andp lanner s who a r e l aunch ing a co l l abora t i vee f fo r t o r a s a qu ickre f e r ence gu ide fo rthe many pub l i chea l thpro fe s s iona l s andp lanner s tha t a r ea l r e a d yco l l abora t ing toimprove the hea l tho f r e s ident s byaddre s s ing thee f f ec t s o f p lanningand communitydes ign .

P U B L I C H E A LT H T E R M S

A c c e s sI n p u b l i c h e a l t h t e r m s , a c c e s s m e a n s

t h e a b i l i t y t o o b t a i n n e e d e d h e a l t h

ca re s e rv i c e s .

ATSDRT h e A g e n c y f o r To x i c S u b s t a n c e s a n d

D i s e a s e R e g i s t r y i s p a r t o f t h e

D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n

S e r v i c e s . T h e a g e n c y i s m a n d a t e d b y

t h e f e d e r a l s u p e r f u n d l a w t o a s s e s s

h e a l t h r i s k s f r o m h a z a r d o u s w a s t e

s i t e s o n t h e N a t i o n a l P r i o r i t y L i s t .

A T S D R d e t e r m i n e s i f a d d i t i o n a l

h e a l t h s t u d i e s a r e n e e d e d a t t h e s e

s i t e s , p r o v i d e s h e a l t h a d v i s o r i e s , a n d

p u b l i s h e s t o x i c o l o g i c a l p r o f i l e s o n

c h e m i c a l s f o u n d a t h a z a r d o u s w a s t e

s i t e s . A T S D R a l s o m a i n t a i n s e x p o s u r e

r e g i s t r i e s o f p e o p l e e x p o s e d t o

c e r t a i n s u b s t a n c e s .

BRFSST h e B e h a v i o r a l R i s k F a c t o r

S u r v e i l l a n c e S y s t e m ( B R F S S ) i s a

t e l e p h o n e q u e s t i o n n a i r e i n i t i a l l y

d e v e l o p e d b y t h e C D C i n t h e e a r l y

1 9 8 0 s t o c o l l e c t s t a t e - l e v e l d a t a t o

m o n i t o r s t a t e - l e v e l p r e v a l e n c e o f t h e

m a j o r b e h a v i o r a l r i s k s a m o n g a d u l t s

a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p r e m a t u r e m o r b i d i t y

a n d m o r t a l i t y, s u c h a s c i g a r e t t e

s m o k i n g a n d i n a c t i v i t y.

Behav io r /Hea l thy Behav io rB e h a v i o r i s t h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f

k n o w l e d g e , p r a c t i c e s a n d a t t i t u d e s

t h a t t o g e t h e r c o n t r i b u t e t o m o t i v a t e

a c t i o n s w e t a k e r e g a r d i n g o u r o w n

h e a l t h . H e a l t h y b e h a v i o r m a y

p r o m o t e a n d p r e s e r v e g o o d h e a l t h .

CDCT h e C e n t e r s f o r D i s e a s e C o n t r o l a n d

P r e v e n t i o n ( C D C ) i s p a r t o f t h e

D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n

&

S e r v i c e s . I t p r o v i d e s f e d e r a l

l e a d e r s h i p i n t h e p r e v e n t i o n a n d

c o n t r o l o f d i s e a s e s .

Chron i c d i s easeC h r o n i c d i s e a s e d e s c r i b e s a h e a l t h

c o n d i t i o n t h a t o c c u r s o v e r a l o n g

p e r i o d o f t i m e , e . g . , s e v e r a l w e e k s ,

m o n t h s , o r y e a r s .

Env i ronmenta l Fac to rA n e n v i r o n m e n t a l f a c t o r i s a n

e x t r i n s i c f a c t o r ( e . g . , g e o l o g y,

c l i m a t e , i n s e c t s , s a n i t a t i o n , h e a l t h

s e r v i c e s , e t c . ) t h a t a f f e c t s t h e a g e n t

a n d t h e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r e x p o s u r e .

Env i ronmenta l hea l th( N a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l

H e a l t h d e f i n i t i o n )E n v i r o n m e n t a l h e a l t h i s t h e

d i s c i p l i n e t h a t f o c u s e s o n t h e

i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n p e o p l e

a n d t h e i r e n v i r o n m e n t , p r o m o t e s

h u m a n h e a l t h a n d w e l l - b e i n g , a n d

f o s t e r s a s a f e a n d h e a l t h f u l

e n v i r o n m e n t .

Ep idemio logyE p i d e m i o l o g y i s t h e s t u d y o f t h e

d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d d e t e r m i n a n t s o f

h e a l t h - r e l a t e d s t a t e s o r e v e n t s i n

s p e c i f i e d p o p u l a t i o n s , a n d t h e

a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h i s s t u d y t o t h e

c o n t r o l o f h e a l t h p r o b l e m s .

Hea l th d i spar i t i e sH e a l t h d i s p a r i t i e s i n d i c a t e t h e

d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e i n c i d e n c e ,

p r e v a l e n c e , m o r t a l i t y, a n d b u r d e n o f

d i s e a s e s a n d o t h e r a d v e r s e h e a l t h

c o n d i t i o n s t h a t e x i s t a m o n g s p e c i f i c

p o p u l a t i o n g r o u p s .

Hea l th ind i ca to rA h e a l t h i n d i c a t o r i s a m e a s u r e t h a t

r e f l e c t s , o r i n d i c a t e s , t h e s t a t e o f

h e a l t h o f p e r s o n s i n a d e f i n e d

p o p u l a t i o n , s u c h a s t h e i n f a n t

m o r t a l i t y r a t e .

H e a l t h I m p a c t A s s e s s m e n t ( H I A )H e a l t h i m p a c t a s s e s s m e n t r e f e r s t o

a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f q u a l i t a t i v e a n d

q u a n t i t a t i v e m e t h o d s u s e d t o a s s e s s

t h e p o p u l a t i o n h e a l t h c o n s e q u e n c e s

o f a p o l i c y, p r o j e c t , o r p r o g r a m t h a t

d o e s n o t h a v e h e a l t h a s i t s p r i m a r y

o b j e c t i v e ( i . e . , a s s e s s i n g t h e h e a l t h

c o n s e q u e n c e s o f n o n - h e a l t h - s e c t o r

a c t i o n s ) .

Hea l thy Peop le 2010A p r o g r a m o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f

H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s , H P 2 0 1 0

i s a n a t i o n w i d e h e a l t h p r o m o t i o n

a n d d i s e a s e p r e v e n t i o n a g e n d a . I t s

p r i m a r y g o a l s a r e t o i n c r e a s e t h e

q u a l i t y a n d y e a r s o f l i f e a n d t o

m i n i m i z e h e a l t h d i s p a r i t i e s a m o n g

A m e r i c a n s .

Hea l th p romot ionH e a l t h p r o m o t i o n m e a n s t h e p r o c e s s

o f enab l ing peop le to inc rease cont ro l

over and to improve the i r hea l th .

I nd i ca to rI n p u b l i c h e a l t h t e r m s , a n i n d i c a t o r

v a r i a b l e h e l p s t o m e a s u r e c h a n g e s

d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y. I t a l s o m a k e s i t

p o s s i b l e t o a s s e s s t h e s u c c e s s o f a

p r o g r a m ’s e f f o r t s i n a c h i e v i n g i t s

g o a l s . I n m e d i c i n e , i n d i c a t o r s h e l p

t o m e a s u r e c h a n g e s i n t h e h e a l t h

s i t u a t i o n o f a g i v e n p o p u l a t i o n

( e . g . , t h e e l d e r l y ) .

I n f e c t i ou s d i s ea s eAn in fec t ious d i sea se i s caused by the

pre sence o f d i sea se - caus ing o rgan i sms

or agent s , such a s bac te r i a , v i ruse s ,

and para s i t i c worms . ( See a l so ch ron i c

d i s ea s e . )

I n ju r y p r even t i onI n j u r y p r e v e n t i o n s t r a t e g i e s f o c u s

p r i m a r i l y o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l d e s i g n

( e . g . , r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n t h a t p e r m i t s

o p t i m u m v i s i b i l i t y ) , p r o d u c t d e s i g n ,

h u m a n b e h a v i o r, e d u c a t i o n , a n d

l e g i s l a t i v e a n d r e g u l a t o r y

r e q u i r e m e n t s t h a t s u p p o r t e n v i r o n -

m e n t a l a n d b e h a v i o r a l c h a n g e .

I n t e r v en t i onA n i n t e r v e n t i o n i s t h e a c t o r f a c t o f

i n t e r f e r i n g w i t h a c o n d i t i o n t o

m o d i f y i t o r w i t h a p r o c e s s t o c h a n g e

i t s c o u r s e .

NACCHOT h e N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f C o u n t y

a n d C i t y H e a l t h O f f i c i a l s ( N A C C H O )

i s t h e n a t i o n a l n o n p r o f i t

o r g a n i z a t i o n r e p r e s e n t i n g l o c a l

p u b l i c h e a l t h a g e n c i e s ( i n c l u d i n g

c i t y, c o u n t y, m e t r o , d i s t r i c t , a n d

Tr i b a l a g e n c i e s ) . N A C C H O p r o v i d e s

e d u c a t i o n , i n f o r m a t i o n , r e s e a r c h ,

a n d t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e t o l o c a l

p u b l i c h e a l t h a g e n c i e s a n d f a c i l i t a t e s

p a r t n e r s h i p s a m o n g l o c a l , s t a t e , a n d

f e d e r a l a g e n c i e s i n o r d e r t o p r o m o t e

a n d s t r e n g t h e n p u b l i c h e a l t h .

NCEHT h e N a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r

E n v i r o n m e n t a l H e a l t h ( N C E H ) i s o n e

o f n u m e r o u s c e n t e r s a t C D C . I t s

m i s s i o n i s “ t o p r o v i d e n a t i o n a l

l e a d e r s h i p , t h r o u g h s c i e n c e a n d

s e r v i c e , t h a t p r o m o t e s h e a l t h a n d

q u a l i t y o f l i f e b y p r e v e n t i n g o r

c o n t r o l l i n g t h o s e d i s e a s e s , b i r t h

d e f e c t s , d i s a b i l i t i e s , o r d e a t h s t h a t

r e s u l t f r o m i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n

p e o p l e a n d t h e i r e n v i r o n m e n t . ”

T h e m a i n a c t i v i t i e s o f N C E H i n c l u d e

p u b l i c h e a l t h s u r v e i l l a n c e , a p p l i e d

r e s e a r c h , s t a t i s t i c a l a n d l a b o r a t o r y

a n a l y s e s , a n d t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s f o r

s t a t e a n d l o c a l h e a l t h o f f i c i a l s .

NIHT h e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s o f H e a l t h

( N I H ) i s p a r t o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f

H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s . T h e

i n s t i t u t e c o n d u c t s s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h

i n t o t h e c a u s e s , p r e v e n t i o n a n d c u r e

o f d i s e a s e s .

NHANEST h e N a t i o n a l H e a l t h a n d N u t r i t i o n

E x a m i n a t i o n S u r v e y ( N H A N E S ) i s

c o n d u c t e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l C e n t e r

f o r H e a l t h S t a t i s t i c s , C D C ( N C H S /

C D C ) . T h e s u r v e y, w h i c h t a k e sb e t w e e n f o u r a n d s i x y e a r s t o

c o m p l e t e , h a s b e e n c o n d u c t e d t h r e e

t i m e s s i n c e 1 9 7 1 . I t i s d e s i g n e d t o

a s s e s s t h e h e a l t h a n d n u t r i t i o n a l

s t a t u s o f a d u l t s a n d ch i ld ren in the

U.S . th rough in te rv iews and d i rec t

phys i ca l examinat ions o f

approx imate ly 30 ,000 ch i ld ren ,

adu l t s , and e lde r ly peop le .

Obes i t yO b e s i t y i s d e f i n e d a s a n e x c e s s i v e l y

h i g h a m o u n t o f b o d y f a t o r a d i p o s e

t i s s u e i n r e l a t i o n t o l e a n b o d y m a s s .

O v e r w e i g h tO v e r w e i g h t r e f e r s t o i n c r e a s e d b o d y

w e i g h t i n r e l a t i o n t o h e i g h t , w h e n

c o m p a r e d t o s o m e s t a n d a r d o f

a c c e p t a b l e o r d e s i r a b l e w e i g h t .

PACE EHP r o t o c o l f o r A s s e s s i n g C o m m u n i t y

E x c e l l e n c e i n E n v i r o n m e n t a l H e a l t h

( PA C E E H ) i s a e n v i r o n m e n t a l h e a l t h

a s s e s s m e n t t o o l d e v e l o p e d b y

N A C C H O i n t e n d e d f o r u s e r s t o

i d e n t i f y e n v i r o n m e n t a l h e a l t h

r e l a t e d i s s u e s , d e v e l o p i n d i c a t o r s ,

a n d d e v e l o p a c t i o n p l a n s t o a d d r e s s

t h e m i n o r d e r t o i m p r o v e l o c a l

e n v i r o n m e n t a l p u b l i c h e a l t h s t a t u s .

N A C C H O s t a f f c o n d u c t r e g i o n a l

t r a i n i n g s f o r d e p a r t m e n t s i n t e r e s t e d

i n u s i n g t h e t o o l .

Preven t ionI n p u b l i c h e a l t h t e r m s , p r e v e n t i o n

m e a n s a c t i o n s t h a t r e d u c e e x p o s u r e

o r o t h e r r i s k s , k e e p p e o p l e f r o m

g e t t i n g s i c k , o r k e e p d i s e a s e f r o m

g e t t i n g w o r s e .

Pub l i c hea l thP u b l i c h e a l t h i s a s e t o f o r g a n i z e d

i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y e f f o r t s t o p r o t e c t ,

p r o m o t e , a n d r e s t o r e t h e p u b l i c ’s

h e a l t h . I t i s t h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f

a s s e s s m e n t , p o l i c y d e v e l o p m e n t a n d

a s s u r a n c e t h a t i s d i r e c t e d t o t h e

m a i n t e n a n c e a n d i m p r o v e m e n t o f

t h e h e a l t h o f a l l t h e p e o p l e t h r o u g h

c o l l e c t i v e o r s o c i a l a c t i o n s . T h e

m i s s i o n o f p u b l i c h e a l t h i s t o

“ P r o m o t e p h y s i c a l , m e n t a l a n d

e n v i r o n m e n t a l h e a l t h a n d p r e v e n t

d i s e a s e , i n j u r y a n d d i s a b i l i t y.

S o u r c e : I n s t i t u t e o f M e d i c i n e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . T h eF u t u r e o f P u b l i c H e a l t h . W a s h i n g t o n , D C :N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y P r e s s .

B l u e p r i n t f o r a H e a l t h y C o m m u n i t y ( 1 9 9 4 ) .W a s h i n g t o n , D C : N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o fC o u n t y H e a l t h O f f i c i a l s . )

Qua l i t y o f l i f eI n p u b l i c h e a l t h t e r m s , q u a l i t y o f

l i f e m e a n s t h e d e g r e e t o w h i c h

i n d i v i d u a l s p e r c e i v e t h e m s e l v e s a s

a b l e t o f u n c t i o n p h y s i c a l l y,

e m o t i o n a l l y a n d s o c i a l l y. I n a

g e n e r a l s e n s e , i t i s t h a t w h i c h m a k e s

l i f e w o r t h l i v i n g . I n a m o r e

q u a n t i t a t i v e s e n s e , i t r e f e r s t o a

p e r s o n ’s t i m e r e m a i n i n g a l i v e , f r e e

o f i m p a i r m e n t , d i s a b i l i t y, o r

h a n d i c a p .

Soc ia l cap i ta lS o c i a l c a p i t a l r e f e r s t o t h e

i n s t i t u t i o n s , r e l a t i o n s h i p s , a n d

n o r m s t h a t s h a p e t h e q u a l i t y a n d

q u a n t i t y o f a s o c i e t y ’s s o c i a l

i n t e r a c t i o n s .

Soc ia l marke t ingS o c i a l m a r k e t i n g i s t h e a p p l i c a t i o n

o f c o m m e r c i a l m a r k e t i n g

t e c h n o l o g i e s t o t h e a n a l y s i s ,

p l a n n i n g , e x e c u t i o n , a n d

e v a l u a t i o n o f p r o g r a m s d e s i g n e d t o

i n f l u e n c e t h e v o l u n t a r y b e h a v i o r o f

t a r g e t a u d i e n c e s i n o r d e r t o

i m p r o v e t h e i r p e r s o n a l h e a l t h a n d

w e l f a r e a n d t h a t o f t h e i r s o c i e t y.

Surve i l l anceI n p u b l i c h e a l t h t e r m s , s u r v e i l l a n c e

m e a n s t h e o n g o i n g , s y s t e m a t i c

c o l l e c t i o n , a n a l y s i s , a n d

i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f h e a l t h d a t a . T h i s

a c t i v i t y a l s o i n v o l v e s t i m e l y

d i s s e m i n a t i o n o f t h e d a t a a n d u s e

f o r p u b l i c h e a l t h p r o g r a m s .

L A N D U S E P L A N N I N GT E R M S

APAT h e A m e r i c a n P l a n n i n g A s s o c i a t i o n

i s a n o n p r o f i t p u b l i c i n t e r e s t a n d

r e s e a r c h o r g a n i z a t i o n r e p r e s e n t i n g

3 3 , 0 0 0 p r a c t i c i n g p l a n n e r s , o f f i c i a l s ,

a n d c i t i z e n s i n v o l v e d w i t h u r b a n a n d

r u r a l p l a n n i n g i s s u e s . A PA’s

o b j e c t i v e i s t o e n c o u r a g e p l a n n i n g

t h a t w i l l m e e t t h e n e e d s o f p e o p l e

a n d s o c i e t y m o r e e f f e c t i v e l y.

Bu i l t env i ronmentI n p l a n n i n g t e r m s , t h e b u i l t

e n v i r o n m e n t c o n s i s t s o f a l l

b u i l d i n g s , r o a d s , u t i l i t i e s , h o m e s ,

f i x t u r e s , p a r k s , a n d a l l o t h e r

i m p r o v e m e n t s t h a t f o r m t h e p h y s i c a l

c h a r a c t e r o f a c i t y.

C lu s t e r deve lopmentC l u s t e r d e v e l o p m e n t a l l o w s a p a r c e l

t o b e c o n s i d e r e d i n i t s e n t i r e t y a n d

p e r m i t s d e v e l o p m e n t t h a t i s

c o n c e n t r a t e d o n a p o r t i o n o f a t r a c t ,

l e a v i n g t h e r e s t o f a t r a c t

u n d e v e l o p e d . C l u s t e r i n g i s

a c c o m p l i s h e d b y a l l o w i n g t h e s a m e

n u m b e r o f h o u s e s a s t r a d i t i o n a l

z o n i n g b u t r e d u c i n g t h e s i z e o f l o t s ,

s e t b a c k s , y a r d s , a n d o t h e r

d i m e n s i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s .

Commun i t yA c o m m u n i t y i s s u b a r e a o f a c i t y

c o n s i s t i n g o f r e s i d e n t i a l ,

i n s t i t u t i o n a l , a n d c o m m e r c i a l u s e s

s h a r i n g a c o m m o n i d e n t i t y.

A l t e r n a t e l y, p l a n n e r s u s e t h e t e r m

“ c o m m u n i t y ” a s s h o r t h a n d t o r e f e r

t o a l l j u r i s d i c t i o n s , i r r e s p e c t i v e o f

t y p e ( e . g . , c i t y o r c o u n t y ) o r s i z e

( e . g . , l a r g e c i t i e s o r a n e i g h b o r h o o d

w i t h i n a c i t y ) .

Commun i t y cha rac t e rC o m m u n i t y c h a r a c t e r i s t h e i m a g e o f

a c o m m u n i t y o r a r e a a s d e f i n e d b y

s u c h f a c t o r s a s i t s b u i l t e n v i r o n m e n t ,

n a t u r a l f e a t u r e s a n d o p e n s p a c e

e l e m e n t s , t y p e o f h o u s i n g ,

a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e , i n f r a s t r u c t u r e ,

a n d t h e t y p e a n d q u a l i t y o f p u b l i c

f a c i l i t i e s a n d s e r v i c e s .

Commun i t y de s ign ( a l s o c a l l edUrban des ign )C o m m u n i t y d e s i g n i s t h e p r o c e s s o f

g i v i n g f o r m , i n t e r m s o f b o t h

f u n c t i o n a n d a e s t h e t i c b e a u t y — t o

s e l e c t e d u r b a n a r e a s o r t o w h o l e

c i t i e s . I t i s c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e

l o c a t i o n , m a s s , a n d d e s i g n o f v a r i o u s

u r b a n c o m p o n e n t s a n d c o m b i n e s

e l e m e n t s o f u r b a n p l a n n i n g ,

a r c h i t e c t u r e , a n d l a n d s c a p e

a r c h i t e c t u r e .

Comprehens ive p lan ( a l so ca l l ed Genera l p lano r Mas te r p lan )T h e a d o p t e d o f f i c i a l s t a t e m e n t o f a

l e g i s l a t i v e b o d y o f a l o c a l

g o v e r n m e n t t h a t s e t s f o r t h ( i n

w o r d s , m a p s , i l l u s t r a t i o n s , o r t a b l e s )

g o a l s , p o l i c i e s , a n d g u i d e l i n e s

i n t e n d e d t o d i r e c t t h e p r e s e n t a n d

f u t u r e p h y s i c a l , s o c i a l , a n d

e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t t h a t o c c u r s

w i t h i n i t s p l a n n i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n a n d

t h a t i n c l u d e s a u n i f i e d p h y s i c a l

d e s i g n f o r t h e p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e

d e v e l o p m e n t o f l a n d a n d w a t e r.

Deve lopment r ev i ewD e v e l o p m e n t r e v i e w c o n s i s t s o f t h e

p r o c e s s e s c o n d u c t e d b y a

j u r i s d i c t i o n , o f r e v i e w a n d a p p r o v a l

o f a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r a n y o f t h e

f o l l o w i n g : ( 1 ) a s i t e d e v e l o p m e n t

p l a n ; ( 2 ) z o n i n g o r r e z o n i n g ;

( 3 ) g e n e r a l , p r e l i m i n a r y, o r f i n a l

d e v e l o p m e n t p l a n ; ( 4 ) f i n a l o r

p r e l i m i n a r y s u b d i v i s i o n p l a t ;

( 5 ) a n n e x a t i o n ; ( 6 ) v a r i a n c e ;

( 7 ) p r o j e c t d e v e l o p m e n t p l a n ;

( 8 ) o v e r a l l d e v e l o p m e n t p l a n ;

( 9 ) l o t m e r g e r ; ( 1 0 ) b o u n d a r y l i n e

a d j u s t m e n t ; ( 1 1 ) z o n i n g c o m p l i a n c e

p l a n ; o r ( 1 2 ) a p p e a l .

New Urban i smN e w U r b a n i s m i s a p l a n n i n g a n d

u r b a n d e s i g n m o v e m e n t b e g u n i n t h e

m i d - 1 9 8 0 s t h a t a i m s t o r e i n t e g r a t e

t h e c o m p o n e n t s o f m o d e r n l i f e —

h o u s i n g , w o r k p l a c e , s h o p p i n g a n d

r e c r e a t i o n — i n t o c o m p a c t ,

p e d e s t r i a n - f r i e n d l y, m i x e d - u s e

n e i g h b o r h o o d s l i n k e d b y t r a n s i t a n d

s e t i n a l a r g e r r e g i o n a l o p e n s p a c e

f r a m e w o r k .

Pedes t r ian f r i end lyI n b a s i c t e r m s , p e d e s t r i a n f r i e n d l y

d e s c r i b e s a s t r e e t o r a r e a t h a t h a s

s i d e w a l k s o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e

r o a d w a y a n d h a s s a f e s t r e e t

c r o s s i n g s . I n b r o a d e r t e r m s , i t

d e n o t e s a s t r e e t , n e i g h b o r h o o d , o r

c i t y t h a t s u p p o r t s , t h r o u g h p l a n n i n g

a n d z o n i n g , t h e l o c a t i o n o f s t o r e s ,

o f f i c e s , r e s i d e n c e s , s c h o o l s ,

r e c r e a t i o n a l a r e a s , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c

f a c i l i t i e s w i t h i n w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e o f

e a c h o t h e r. S u c h a r e a s a l s o o f t e n

f e a t u r e n a r r o w s t r e e t s , s t r e e t t r e e s ,

a w n i n g s , c o v e r e d t r a n s i t s h e l t e r s ,

b e n c h e s , b r i c k p a v i n g o r o t h e r l e s s

c o n v e n t i o n a l p a v i n g t y p e s , a m o n g

o t h e r e l e m e n t s .

PUDA P l a n n e d U n i t D e v e l o p m e n t ( P U D )

i s a l a r g e p a r c e l o f l a n d f o r w h i c h a

u n i f i e d d e v e l o p m e n t p l a n h a s b e e n

p r e p a r e d i n d i c a t i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g :

o p e n s p a c e , o n - s i t e c i r c u l a t i o n f o r

b o t h p e d e s t r i a n s a n d v e h i c l e s ,

p a r k i n g , s e t b a c k s , h o u s i n g d e n s i t i e s ,

b u i l d i n g s p a c i n g , l a n d c o v e r a g e ,

l a n d s c a p i n g , r e l a t i o n s h i p s , s t r e e t s ,

b u i l d i n g h e i g h t s , a c c e s s o r y u s e s ,

a r c h i t e c t u r a l t r e a t m e n t , a n d o t h e r

e l ements .

Qua l i t y o f l i f eI n p l a n n i n g t e r m s , q u a l i t y o f l i f e

m e a n s t h e a t t r i b u t e s o r a m e n i t i e s

t h a t c o m b i n e t o m a k e a n a r e a a g o o d

p l a c e t o l i v e . E x a m p l e s i n c l u d e t h e

a v a i l a b i l i t y o f p o l i t i c a l , e d u c a t i o n a l ,

a n d s o c i a l s u p p o r t s y s t e m s ; g o o d

r e l a t i o n s a m o n g c o n s t i t u e n t g r o u p s ;

a h e a l t h y p h y s i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t ; a n d

e c o n o m i c o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r b o t h

i n d i v i d u a l s a n d b u s i n e s s e s .

S m a r t g r o w t hS m a r t g r o w t h i s d e v e l o p m e n t t h a t

s e r v e s t h e e c o n o m y, t h e c o m m u n i t y,

a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . I t c h a n g e s t h e

t e r m s o f t h e d e v e l o p m e n t d e b a t e

a w a y f r o m t h e t r a d i t i o n a l g r o w t h / n o

g r o w t h q u e s t i o n t o “ h o w a n d w h e r e

s h o u l d n e w d e v e l o p m e n t b e

a c c o m m o d a t e d . ” P r i n c i p l e s i n c l u d e :

1 . M i x l a n d u s e s

2 . Ta k e A d v a n t a g e o f C o m p a c t

B u i l d i n g D e s i g n

3 . C r e a t e a R a n g e o f H o u s i n g

O p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d C h o i c e s

4 . C r e a t e W a l k a b l e

N e i g h b o r h o o d s

5 . F o s t e r D i s t i n c t i v e , A t t r a c t i v e

C o m m u n i t i e s w i t h a S t r o n g

S e n s e o f P l a c e

6 . P r e s e r v e O p e n S p a c e ,

F a r m l a n d , N a t u r a l B e a u t y, a n d

C r i t i c a l E n v i r o n m e n t a l A r e a s

7 . S t r e n g t h e n a n d D i r e c t

D e v e l o p m e n t To w a r d s E x i s t i n g

C o m m u n i t i e s

8 . P r o v i d e a Va r i e t y o f

Tr a n s p o r t a t i o n C h o i c e s

9 . M a k e D e v e l o p m e n t D e c i s i o n s

P r e d i c t a b l e , F a i r , a n d C o s t

E f f e c t i v e

10. E n c o u r a g e C o m m u n i t y a n d

S t a k e h o l d e r C o l l a b o r a t i o n i n

D e v e l o p m e n t D e c i s i o n s

TNDTr a d i t i o n a l n e i g h b o r h o o d

d e v e l o p m e n t ( T N D ) , i s d e v e l o p m e n t

t h a t e x h i b i t s s e v e r a l o r a l l o f t h e

f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : a l l e y s ,

s t r e e t s l a i d o u t i n a g r i d s y s t e m ,

b u i l d i n g s o r i e n t e d t o t h e s t r e e t , f r o n t

p o r c h e s o n h o u s e s , p e d e s t r i a n -

o r i e n t a t i o n , c o m p a t i b l e a n d m i x e d

l a n d u s e s , v i l l a g e s q u a r e s a n d g r e e n s .

( S e e a l s o N e w U r b a n i s m . )

Tra f f i c ca lm ingTr a f f i c c a l m i n g m e a n s a s t r a t e g i c s e t

o f p h y s i c a l c h a n g e s t o s t r e e t s t o

r e d u c e v e h i c l e s p e e d s a n d v o l u m e s . I t

r e f e r s t o t h e u s e o f s t r e e t d e s i g n

t e c h n i q u e s , s u c h a s c u r b e x t e n s i o n s ,

t r a f f i c c i r c l e s a n d s p e e d h u m p s , t o

s l o w a n d c o n t r o l t h e f l o w o f

a u t o m o b i l e t r a f f i c .

TODA t r a n s i t - o r i e n t e d d e v e l o p m e n t

( T O D ) i s a m i x e d - u s e c o m m u n i t y

w i t h i n a n a p p r o x i m a t e 2 , 0 0 0 - f o o t

w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e o f a t r a n s i t s t o p

a n d c o r e c o m m e r c i a l a r e a . T O D s m i x

r e s i d e n t i a l , r e t a i l , o f f i c e , a n d p u b l i c

u s e s i n a w a l k a b l e e n v i r o n m e n t ,

m a k i n g i t c o n v e n i e n t f o r

r e s i d e n t s a n d e m p l o y e e s t o

t r a v e l b y t r a n s i t , b i c y c l e ,

f o o t , o r c a r.

Unive r sa l de s ignU n i v e r s a l d e s i g n i s t h e d e s i g n

o f p r o d u c t s a n d

e n v i r o n m e n t s t o b e u s a b l e b y

a l l p e o p l e , t o t h e g r e a t e s t

e x t e n t p o s s i b l e , w i t h o u t t h e

n e e d f o r a d a p t a t i o n o r

s p e c i a l i z e d d e s i g n .

Urban sp rawlU r b a n s p r a w l i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y l o w

d e n s i t y r e s i d e n t i a l , c o m m e r c i a l ,

d e v e l o p m e n t a t t h e u r b a n f r i n g e . A

j u r i s i d i c t i o n ’s d e f i n i t i o n o f s p r a w l —

o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f u r b a n s p r a w l a s a

p r o b l e m — w i l l d e p e n d o n t h e g e n e r a l

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e a r e a ( e . g . , a

r u r a l f a r m i n g c o m m u n i t y v s . a

g r o w i n g s u b u r b i n a l a r g e

m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a ) , h i s t o r i c a l

s e t t l e m e n t p a t t e r n s , t h e r a t e o f

g r o w t h , a n d f u t u r e p o p u l a t i o n a n d

e m p l o y m e n t g r o w t h p r o j e c t i o n s .

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f s p r a w l i n c l u d e : ( a )

T h e p r e m a t u r e o r p o o r l y p l a n n e d

c o n v e r s i o n o f r u r a l l a n d t o u r b a n i z e d

u s e s ; ( b ) u r b a n i z e d d e v e l o p m e n t t h a t

i s p o o r l y c o n n e c t e d t o o t h e r l a n d

u s e s i n t h e i m m e d i a t e a r e a ; a n d ( c )

u r b a n d e v e l o p m e n t o r u s e s t h a t f a i l

t o m a x i m i z e e x i s t i n g p u b l i c f a c i l i t i e s

o r t h a t o c c u r s o u t s i d e a r e a s w h e r e

p u b l i c s e r v i c e s a r e c u r r e n t l y p l a n n e d

f o r e x p a n s i o n .

VMTVe h i c l e m i l e s t r a v e l e d ( V M T ) i s a

p r i m a r y i n d i c a t o r o f a u t o m o b i l e u s e .

O n e v e h i c l e t r a v e l i n g o n e m i l e

c o n s t i t u t e s a v e h i c l e m i l e .

ZoningZ o n i n g i s t h e d i v i s i o n o f a c i t y o r

c o u n t y i n t o a r e a s , o r z o n e s , w h i c h

s p e c i f y a l l o w a b l e u s e s f o r r e a l

p r o p e r t y a n d s i z e r e s t r i c t i o n s f o r

b u i l d i n g s w i t h i n t h e s e a r e a s . I t i s t h e

c h i e f l a n d u s e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n t o o l

f o r t h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e p l a n . A

z o n i n g o r d i n a n c e o r z o n i n g c o d e i s

t h e l e g a l d o c u m e n t t h a t d e s c r i b e s

e a c h z o n i n g d i s t r i c t , t h e r e g u l a t i o n s

a p p l i c a b l e w i t h i n e a c h d i s t r i c t , a n d a

z o n i n g m a p t h a t d e p i c t s e a c h

d i s t r i c t .

For more informat ion on land use

planning and community design,

contact NACCHO's Env i ronmenta l

Hea l th Program at (202) 783-5550,

www.naccho.org/project84.cfm

or the Amer ican P lanning

Assoc iat ion at (312) 786-6375,

www.planning.org.

Primary message:

Complete streets provide people with a range of safe choices for moving around their communities, including walking and biking. Complete streets are people-friendly and support good health.

Health problems include:

Obesity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Pre-vention (CDC), 30 percent of U.S. adults age 20 and older are obese, and approximately 65 percent of Americans weigh more than is healthful. Today, one in five children and one in three teens is overweight or at risk of becoming overweight.

Heart Disease. The leading cause of death for women and men in the United States is heart disease, according to the American Heart Association. In 2003, a total of 685,089 people died of heart disease, accounting for 28 percent of all U.S. deaths.

Diabetes. One of every ten health care dollars spent in the Unit-ed States goes toward diabetes and its complications. Between 1994 and 2004, the prevalence of diabetes increased more than 50 percent.

All of these health problems are linked to environmental factors.

• Research conducted by UCLA has correlated the walkability of a neighborhood with increased walking by residents and found that the neighborhood environment – including the availability of parks – influences individual health behaviors. In California’s San Joaquin and San Bernadino counties (re-gions characterized by sprawl development), 34 percent of resi-dents reported that they do not walk at least once for ten min-utes in a week, while only 13 percent of San Franciscans (who reside in a dense, walkable environment) walk that little.

• Fear of crime also can be a significant impediment to walking: One survey found that 13 percent of respondents would walk more if crime were not such a problem in their neighborhood.

How does street design contribute to these problems?

• Conventional street design—which relies on local streets lead-ing to collector arterials—present an environment that is in-hospitable, unattractive, and often dangerous to pedestrians. Traditional streets—which feature shorter, connected blocks and more gridlike patterns—offer a friendlier environment for pedestrians.

Complete streets are designed

and operated to enable safe

access for all users. Pedestrians,

bicyclists, motorists, and transit

riders of all ages and abilities

must be able to safely move along

and across a complete street.

Complete StreetsTalking Points

For more information and resources on the relationship between the built environment and public health:

Planning for Healthy PlacesA program of Public Health Law & Policy

2201 Broadway, Suite 502Oakland, CA 94612(510) 302-3308

www.healthyplanning.org

www.pedbikeimages.org / Dan Burden

• Research indicates that narrower streets slow traffic, and a study of traffic accident reports in Longmont, Colorado, found that street width had the highest correlation to ac-cidents. The safest streets were 24 feet wide, while the most dangerous were 36 feet wide (which is typical of new subdivisions).

• Speed kills pedestrians. According to one study, a pedes-trian hit by a car traveling 15 mph has a 4 percent chance of dying, while a pedestrian hit by a car traveling 44 mph has an 83 percent chance of dying.

• Automobile-oriented infrastructure imposes many costs to people other than the driver. These costs, known as “exter-nal costs” or “externalities,” include deaths and illnesses due to air pollution caused by vehicles, and deaths and damages due to accidents.

How can complete streets improve health?

Complete streets reduce injuries. One study found that de-signing for pedestrian travel by installing raised medians and redesigning intersections and sidewalks reduced pedestrian risk by 28 percent.

More people are encouraged to bike and walk on com-plete streets. Residents are 65 percent more likely to walk in a neighborhood with sidewalks. In Portland, Oregon, a com-plete streets approach resulted in a 74 percent increase in bi-cycle commuting in the 1990s. Complete streets also improve safety indirectly by increasing the number of people bicycling and walking: One study found that as the number of people bicycling and walking increases, deaths and injuries decline.

Complete streets are child-friendly. Streets that provide safe opportunities for bicycling and walking encourage children to get physical activity and gain independence. More children walk to school where there are sidewalks. Safe Routes to School programs will also benefit from complete streets policies that help turn all routes into safe routes.

Complete streets can improve air quality by providing alter-natives to car trips. If each resident of an American community of 100,000 replaced one car trip with one bike trip just once a month, it would cut carbon dioxide emissions by 3,764 tons of per year in the community.

What can decision makers do to promote complete streets?

State and local officials can create environments that improve the built environment by revising laws, ordinances, and prac-tices in the following ways:

• Promote street designs that incorporate such features as narrow vehicular travel lanes, sidewalks, bike lanes, wide shoulders, medians, bus pullouts, special bus lanes, raised crosswalks, audible pedestrian signals, and sidewalk bulb-outs

• Require that transportation agencies change their orienta-tion toward building primarily for cars, and instead design and operate the entire right of way to enable safe access for all users

• Ensure that their streets and roads work for drivers, transit users, pedestrians, and bicyclists, as well as for older people, children, and people with disabilities

• Integrate sidewalks, bike lanes, transit amenities, and safe crossings into the initial design of a project (and spare the expense of retrofits later)

Closing Message:

Complete streets mean that an eight-year-old and an 80-year-old can move around our community as easily and safely as anyone else. Complete streets allow everyone to make healthier choices.Complete the Streets (www.completestreets.org) was a primary source for the information in this fact sheet.

Irvine, CA

Philadelphia, PA

STR E E T D E SIG N : A Tale of Two Cities

These illustrations depict one square mile of two very different street designs. Irvine’s conventional street design (top) lacks connectivity and relies on local streets leading to collector arterials. Contrast the points of connectivity to those in Philadelphia (below), where traditional street design offers a safer and friendlier environment for pedestrians.

Illustrations reprinted with permission from Great Streets, by Allan B. Jacobs (MIT Press, 1993)

www.pedbikeimages.org / ITE Pedestrian Bicycle Council

What is a Healthy Community?A Healthy Community provides for the following through all stages of life:

Meets basic needs of all Safe, sustainable, accessible and affordable transportation options Affordable, accessible and nutritious foods Affordable, high quality, socially integrated and location-efficient housing Affordable, accessible and high quality health care Complete and livable communities including affordable and high quality schools, parks and recreational facilities, child care,

libraries, financial services and other daily needs Access to affordable and safe opportunities for physical activity

Quality and sustainability of environment Clean air, soil and water, and environments free of excessive noise Tobacco and smoke free Green and open spaces, including agricultural lands Minimized toxics, GHG emissions and waste Affordable and sustainable energy use

Adequate levels of economic, social development Living wage, safe and healthy job opportunities for all Support for healthy development of children and adolescents Opportunities for high quality and accessible education

Health and social equity

Social relationships that are supportive and respectful Robust social and civic engagement Socially cohesive and supportive relationships, families, homes and neighborhoods Safe communities, free of crime and violence