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A Flora of Rathfarnham Golf Club.

(RMMcMullen)

The Chamomile Meadow E of 15th Fairway.

(Cornflower, Corncockle, Corn Marigold, Ribbed Melilot, White Melilot and Chamomile

together with various grasses)

It occurred to me from time to time that some members of RGC might be interested in the

diversity of native plants living within the 94 acres which make up our golf course. So, in

June 2015 I did a survey of native plants and present this snapshot Flora which I hope may

be of interest to some.

I stress that this account only deals with native and naturalised plants.

Native plants may be loosely defined as plants which made their way back into Ireland

after the end of the Ice Age about 10,000 years ago without any deliberate help from man

– they simply migrated northwards from warmer climes to the south as the ice retreated.

Naturalised plants have been introduced deliberately by man for aesthetic or economic

reasons and now live and reproduce quite happily here e.g. Beech, Japanese Knotweed

and Rhododendron ponticum. Indeed, R. ponticum is so happy that it is out-competing

our native Oaks in Killarney and is regarded as a great pest. Japanese Knotweed, too, is a

growing menace to our native plants, colonising most aggressively.

Another group of exotic plants introduced by man grow well here but do not for various

reasons reproduce and colonise. Most of the splendid trees that were planted to beautify

our fairways ( Maiden Hair tree, Walnut and various conifers) belong in this category and

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they are deliberately omitted from this short flora- only native and naturalised species are

dealt with here.

Nomenclature.

The naming of the plants presents difficulties. The scientific names are universal across

the world but are largely derived from Latin or Greek and are not widely known to the

general public. The problem with English names is that the same plant is called different

names in different parts of the country-e.g. Ulex europaeus is called Gorse but also Furze

and Whins depending on the locality. Cleavers, Robin-run-the-Hedge, Sticky Back all refer

to Galium aparine, the common hedgerow plant whose fruits stick to your dog!

In the ‘New Flora of the British Isles- 3rd edition’ by Clive Stace (2010), it is proposed that

all species be given a single English name so that there can be no ambiguity e.g. Ulex

europaeus will hence forward be called Gorse in English. Whether this takes on with the

general public is debateable! However, in this brief Flora I will follow Stace.

(I will append at the end a list of the 190 native and naturalised species which occur

within the confines of Rathfarnham Golf Club.)

Grassland, including Fairways and Greens.

The grasses which would grow naturally on well-drained near neutral soils of pH about 7,

at this altitude, are Annual Meadow Grass, Yorkshire Fog, Crested Dogstail, Perennial

Ryegrass, Common Bent, Cocksfoot, Soft Brome, Red Fescue, Smooth Stalked Meadow

Grass and Rough Stalked Meadow grass, Sweet Vernal Grass and False Oat-grass. These

species are still there and doing well in the various patches deliberately set aside between

fairways and not mown. These oases of natural wild flower meadows are things of some

beauty.

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Wild grass area alongside 11th hole, dominated by Yorkshire Fog (Holcus

lanatus)

However, for fairways and greens one needs vigorous and finer grasses which can thrive

even while being mown very tightly, very often. Most of the grasses mentioned above

would be severely set back by such a savage regime and it is a constant battle by Mr Eddie

Walsh and his staff to pamper and encourage the vigorous and finer grasses e.g. Perennial

ryegrass, Common Bent and Red Fescue mainly.

Rosette weeds such as Daisies, Dandelions, Plantains and low creeping plants such Slender

Speedwell are ideally suited to invade and survive in tightly mown grassland. (Think of

most of our own lawns!) The growing points of these species hide beneath the rotating

mower blades and so can recover quickly. We are inclined to take our weed-free fairways

and greens for granted but it takes real skill and judgement to maintain a regime of

watering, fertilising and weedkilling to produce such uniformly fine fairways and greens.

While the fairways and greens take up the bulk of the area of the golf club there is space

for a number of habitats with their own distinct assemblage of plants.

Ponds.

The largest of the ponds, alongside the 14th fairway, has been much reconfigured and

most of the fringing aquatic vegetation has been scoured away. Much of the original

submerged Stonewort is still in place and colonisation of the fringes has already begun.

Small amounts of the following species may be found, mostly on the S. bank and no doubt

they will become fully established and will be joined by others.

Brooklime Angelica

Common Horsetail Clustered Dock

Jointed Rush Hoary Willowherb

Yellow Flag Meadow Sweet

Soft Brome Fool’s Watercress

Watercress

There are seven other smaller ponds, five of which are connected by short streams and

the aquatic vegetation of these is basically similar. The pond S. of the 6th fairway has the

biggest fringe of marshy vegetation and over 50 species were recorded here. Rooted in

the water or submerged were found Mare’s Tail, Bulrush, Lesser Bulrush, Yellow Flag,

Small Pondweed, White Water Lily and Ivy Leaved Duckweed.

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Iris (Iris pseudacorus), Great Willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) and Watermint

(Mentha aquatic) by pond S. of 6th fairway.

The marshy surrounds of the pond had the following species.

The other ponds linked to the pond above are generally poorer in species mainly because

the unstrimmed margins are narrower but a few additional species have gained a foothold

e.g. Reed Canary-grass, Cuckooflower, Ragwort, Marsh Foxtail, Small Pondweed, Herb

Robert, Rough Stalked Meadow Grass, Common Water-starwort, Cut-leaved Crane’s-bill,

Common Mouse-ear, Spear Thistle, Common Sorrel, Jointed Rush, Ox-eye Daisy and

Branched Bur-reed.

The pond between 6th fairway and 6th green is mown tight to the pond wall and so has no

marsh species on that side. Ivy-leaved Duck-weed, Small Pond-weed, Stonewort,

Branched Bor-reed and Curled Pond-weed grow submerged. This is the only pond to have

Curled Pond-weed.

The small pond in front of the 7th tee box has a small population of Common Spotted

Orchid on the left hand margin, some Yellow Water-lily and a fine specimen of Branched

Bur-reed just opposite of toilet block. Also fringing the pond are four species of Rush,

three types of Dock, Angelica, Meadow Sweet and two Sedges.

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Common Spotted Orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii),together with Iris, Meadow Sweet and

CommonHorsetail

Branched Bur-reed (Sparganium erectum) in pond in front of 7th tee.

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The ‘Chamomile Meadow’

The ground E of the 15th fairway, alongside the stream, was much disturbed and

landscaped. A wild flower mix was sown and it germinated to give a spectacular splash of

colour. Corn Cockle, Corn Flower, Corn Marigold, Ribbed Melilot, White Melilot and

Chamomile are the principal constituents and it will be interesting to see how they will

withstand competition from our native wild plants.

A single specimen of a very rare poppy, Papaver hybridum (Rough Poppy), was found and

photographed. Did this arise from a long dormant seed brought to the surface by earth

movements or was it part of the wild flower mix? The ‘New Flora of the British Isles’(Clive

Stace) describes its habitat as ‘arable fields and waste places; formerly widespread in BI

except Scotland, now much less common and more or less confined to E and S England on

calcareous soils’.

The ‘Flora of Co. Dublin’ (Dublin Naturalists Field Club)(1998) has the following entry-

‘Extremely rare. An endangered species in Ireland, legally protected under the

Wildlife Act of 1976.

The two latest records are from ‘a housing estate to the west of Malahide’ (1985) and ‘still

on the margin of a barley field on the Portrane peninsula’ (1985 –‘Still there 2001’). All

records for Dublin prior to 1985 are confined to Skerries, Portrane, Sutton, Howth,

Raheny, Baldoyle , Portmarnock, and St Douloughs. There are no Dublin records from

south of the Liffey.

On balance it would seem that its provenance is the wild seed mix but if so, why such a

miniscule proportion of the mix? Or, did only one of many such seeds germinate and

establish successfully? This poppy is pretty scarce in England too but the seed mix was

simply labelled ‘packed in England’ so it might have been harvested from further afield.

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Rough Poppy ( Papaver hybridum ) with Chamomile (Anthemis austriaca)

Disturbed Ground

Ground which has been disturbed by human or any other activity- digging, traffic,

drainage channels, heavy machinery, pathway construction, etc- becomes available to

plants which soon move in and try to become established.

The first colonisers are mostly annual plants whose seeds germinate rapidly, flower and

produce seeds all in one year. Indeed, some may produce two or even three generations

in the same season. Most also produce vast quantities of seed which are easily trans

ported either by means of parachutes e.g. Groundsel, Willow-herbs or else have very

small and light seeds which can be transported quite large distances by the wind e.g.

Poppy and Bitter Cress. Many of these seeds can remain dormant in the soil for many

years only to germinate when the ground is disturbed again. Poppies, Charlock, Wild

Turnip, Petty Spurge, Shepherd’s Purse, Ivy Leaved Speedwell, Scarlet Pimpernel and

Common Field Speedwell growing on disturbed ground adjacent to the ‘Chamomile

Meadow’ most probably arose from seeds brought to the surface by the heavy machinery

used to landscape the area.

Biennials and perennials like Thistles, Dock, Plantains and grasses can also become

established and if the area is left undisturbed they will eventually dominate and the

annuals will be shaded out. Over very long periods this rough grassland could be invaded

by shrubs such as Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Holly and Elder leading eventually to a climax

community of Oak/Ash forest.

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Streams.

Apart from the small streams linking the necklace of ponds starting beside the double

5th/7th greens, there are two more sizable streams.

The first enters from Rockbrook and flows down between 15th and 17th fairways

eventually emptying into the large pond alongside the 14th fairway. It has steep sides

which have been moulded by heavy machinery and sown with a mainly grass seed mixture

and germination is as yet hit- and- miss. In places the bank is more or less bare but in

other places there is a luxuriant growth of grasses, great swathes of Squirrel Tail Fescue

being particularly prominent – a curious choice.

The plants there at present are a species more at home in disturbed ground intermingled

with plants more at home in aquatic situations. In the water and damp marshy lower part

of the banks are found Water-cress, Brooklime, Fool’s Watercress, Reed Canary-grass,

Great Horsetail, Hard Rush, Meadow Sweet, Wild Angelica, Small Sweet-grass,

Cuckooflower, Marsh Horsetail, Toad Rush, Water Mint, Great Willowherb, Hoary

Willowherb, Blue Water Speedwell, Broadleaved Dock, and Butterbur.

Scattered along the banks along with the sown grasses are ruderals such as Opium Poppy,

Common Poppy, Yellow Juiced Poppy, Yarrow, Winter Cress, Soft Brome, Cleavers,

Knotgrass, Charlock, Wild Turnip, Smooth Sow-thistle, Lesser Stitchwort, Common

Chickweed, Ivy Leaved Speedwell, Field Pansy, Shepherd’s Purse and Colt’s-foot.

When these river banks settle down in a few years the flora will have changed with

significantly with fewer species.

The second sizeable stream flows across the 8th fairway and just below the 8th green. Large

granite boulders are embedded in its steep sides and much Winter Heliotrope fills the

crevices between the boulders. Some Butterbur occurs on the north edge next to the

Alder trees. Also found are Square-Stalked St. John’s Wort, Crisped Dock, Creeping

Cinquefoil, Sowthistle and various coarse grasses. Alder seedlings are already established

here between the rocks. The wet area SE of the old mill has hundreds of Common Alder

seedlings well established growing in the same ground as the plantation of mainly Italian

Alder

Hedges.

The hedge most mature and least disturbed runs west of the 17th fairway from Rockbrook

down past the 17th green. The upper end is dominated by Hawthorn almost smothered by

Ivy while the lower stretches is composed almost wholly of Blackthorn with a thick

understory of Brambles. Occasional trees project through this understory of shrubs – Ash,

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Sycamore and Poplar. The herbs associated with the hedge are not as varied or

widespread as one might expect but include Cow Parsley, Hogweed, Cleavers, Ground Ivy,

Lords-and- Ladies, Common Couch, False Oat-Grass, Herb-Robert, Common Fumitory, Soft

Shield Fern, Dog- rose, Hedge Mustard, Alexanders, Lesser Stitchwort, Common Vetch and

Germander Speedwell.

The hedge on the E. side of the 15th fairway is less dense and has rather more trees,

mainly Ash, with the occasional Grey Willow, Elder and English Elm. The shrub layer is

made up of Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Brambles

The course boundary on the North side is made up of largely planted species and Gorse

and so not dealt with here.

Walls.

Most of the perimeter walls consist of sizable granite blocks held together by mortar.

Granite is poor in plant nutrients and weathers very slowly. The mortar between the

blocks is basic and weathers to release enough plant nutrients to support a specialised

flora which can survive long dry periods and exposure to the elements.

Ferns such as Wall-rue, Hart’s-tongue, Spleenwort and Polypody survive on the vertical

faces. On the walltops, especially where organic matter (fallen leaves, etc) has

accumulated, can be found plants more typical of disturbed ground- Bitter-cress,

Shepherd’s Purse, Petty Spurge, Annual Meadow Grass, etc

List of Native and Naturalised Flowering Plants and Ferns growing in

Rathfarnham Golf Club in 2015

Taxon Common Name Habitat and frequency Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Hedgerows, occasional Achillea millefolium Yarrow Dry grassland, locally common Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut Hedgerows, occasional Agrostis capillaris Common Bent Dry grassland, locally common Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent Both wet and dry habitats, abundant Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Bank on path to machinery sheds Alnus glutinosa Alder Frequent, mainly along streams and in permanently wet ground Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Disturbed ground, occasional Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica Marshy areas by ponds and streams Anisantha sterilis Barren Brome Banks on path to machinery sheds Anthemis austriaca Austrian Chamomile Only on Chamomile meadow, E. of 15th fairway Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass Abundant, one of the commonest grasses Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley Hedges, common Apium nodiflorum Fool's-water-cress Streams

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Arabidopsis thaliana Thale Cress Disturbed ground, flower beds, occasional Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Sandwort Wall tops, rare Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-Grass Hedge margins, very common Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies Hedges bases, occasional Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Walls Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue Walls and shady banks, occasional Atriplex patula Common Orache Disturbed ground, occasional Barbarea vulgaris Winter-cress Stream side. Single plant by bridge leading to 16th green Bellis perennis Daisy Very common- but not on fairways! Brachypodium sylvaticum False-brome Shady banks on path to machinery sheds Brassica rapa Turnip Disturbed ground, occasional Bromus hordeaceus Soft-brome Dry grassland, locally common Buddleja davidii Butterfly-bush Walls and machinery area Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed Scrambling through hedges, occasional Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse Disturbed ground and flower beds Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress Disturbed ground and flower beds Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress Disturbed ground anf flower beds Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower Marshy areas by ponds and streams Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge Mostly in dry grassland Carex hirta Hairy Sedge Only in wet grassy areas where it is fairly common Carex leporina Oval Sedge Marshy areas by ponds and streams Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge Marshy areas around most of the ponds, where it is fairly common Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed Rough grassland, occasional Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear Unmown grassy areas, common Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear Dry banks and margins, occasional Chenopodium album Fat -hen Disturbed ground, occasional Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Un mown grassy areas, common Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle Permanently wet areas Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Dry marginal areas Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Common in hedges Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk's-beard Dry grassland, occasional Crepis vesicaria Beaked Hawk's-beard Dry grassland and marginal areas, very frequent Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail Dry grassy areas, locally abundant Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot Rough grassy areas, common Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common Spotted-orchid Locally frequent by two of the ponds Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush A large colony in pond beside toilet block near 7th tea Elytrigia repens agg. Common Couch Rough marginal grassy areas Epilobium ciliatum American Willowherb Paths and disturbed ground Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb Pond and stream margins Epilobium obscurum Short-fruited Willowherb Pond and stream margins Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb Stream margin by 15th fairway, rare Epilobium parviflorum Hoary Willowherb Pond and stream margins Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail Marginal areas, locally common Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail Stream margin by 15th fairway, rare Equisetum telmateia Great Horsetail Stream margin by 15th fairway, common at lower end. Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurge Disturbed ground, occasional Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge Disturbed ground, common Fagus sylvatica Beech Hedgerows, occasional

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Festuca ovina agg. Sheep's-fescue Short, dry grassy areas- fairways and greens Festuca rubra agg. Red Fescue Short, dry grassy areas- fairways and greens Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine One of the earliest to flower, under trees Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet Marshy areas around ponds- frequent Fraxinus excelsior Ash Scattered mainly in hedges Fumaria muralis Common Ramping-

fumitory Disturbed ground, occasional Fumaria officinalis Common Fumitory Disturbed ground, occasional Galium aparine Cleavers Hedges, common Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane's-bill Hedge margins,and waste ground, occasional Geranium lucidum Shining Crane's-bill Among gorse N. of 3rd fairway -rare, only a few patches Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert Common in hedges Geum urbanum Wood Avens Occasional in hedges Glyceria declinata Small Sweet-grass Wet stream margins, rare Hedera helix agg. Ivy Common on trees and walls but almost always rooted in soil Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Hedhes and waste ground, frequent Hippuris vulgaris Mare's-tail Common in ponds Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog Abundant, one of the commonest grasses Hypericum androsaemum Tutsan Hedges, occasional Hypericum pulchrum Slender St John's-wort Hedge margins and waste ground Hypericum tetrapterum Square-stalked St John's-

wort Wet pond anf stream margins Hypochaeris radicata Cat's-ear Coarse grassland and marginal areas Ilex aquifolium Holly Occasional in hedges Iris pseudacorus Yellow Iris Common in ponds Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush Marshy areas, frequent Juncus bufonius Toad Rush In short wet grassy areas Juncus effusus Soft-rush Wet grassland, usually acid soil Juncus inflexus Hard Rush Wet grassland, usually neutral or somewhat basic soil Lactuca serriola Prickley Lettuce Waste ground, disturbed areas- rare Lamium hybridum Cut-leaved Dead-nettle Only one plant found in disturbed ground Lamium purpureum Red Dead-nettle Disturbed ground, common Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling Rough grassland, frequent Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed Common in ponds, floating on the surface Lepidium didymum Lesser Swine-cress Waste ground, disturbed areas- rare Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Coarse grassland and marginal areas Lolium multiflorum Italian Rye-grass One patch in hedge S of 16th tee box Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass Very common Lotus corniculatus Common Bird's-foot-trefoil Dry banks and short grass Luzula campestris Field Wood-rush Common in short grass but inconspicuous and early flowering Malus pumila Apple A few trees Medicago lupulina Black Medick In short grass and dry banks Mentha aquatica Water Mint Frequent, mainly along streams and in permanently wet ground Nasturtium officinale agg. Water-cress Frequent, mainly along streams and in permanently wet ground Nasturtium x sterile N. officinale x

microphyllum Rare in stream between15th and 17th fairways Nuphar lutea Yellow Water-lily Pond in front of 7th tee box Papaver hybridum Rough Poppy Single specimen in Chamomle meadow- very rare nationally

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Papaver lecoqii Yellow-juiced Poppy Waste ground - occasional Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy Waste ground - occasional Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy Waste ground and disturbed areas- occasional Persicaria maculosa Redshank Disturbed ground- rare Petasites fragrans Winter Heliotrope Between boulders in stream bank in front of 8th green Petasites hybridus Butterbur Marginal area behind 7th teebox Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Common in short grass Plantago major Greater Plantain Common iin short grass and trampled areas Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass Abundant, one of the commonest grasses Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass Frequent in waste places and hedge margins Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass Meadows and damp grasslands very common Polygonum aviculare agg. Knotgrass Common, disturbed ground Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fern In shade in hedges, the commonest of the larger ferns Potamogeton berchtoldii Small Pondweed Submerged in ponds Potamogeton crispus Curled Pondweed In pond in front of 6th green Potentilla anserina Silverweed Wet grassland, common Potentilla erecta Tormentil Banks, hedge margins and banks, occasional Potentilla sterilis Barren Strawberry Dry banks and occasionally on walls Primula veris Cowslip In rough grassland N. of 3rd and 6th fairways Prunella vulgaris Selfheal Frequent in short grassland Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Hedges, common Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak Occasional in hedges Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup Meadows and damp grasslands very common Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup Short, dry grassy areas- quite rare Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup Damp areas, very common Rosa canina Dog-rose Occasional in hedges Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble Common in hedges and waste ground Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel Rough grassland, frequent Rumex crispus Curled Dock Rough grassland, hedges and waste ground, common Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock Rough grassland, hedges and waste ground, common Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock Shady banks by hedges Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort Waste ground, frequent Salix caprea Goat Willow Hedge E. of 15th fairway, a few trees Salix cinerea Grey Willow Hedges, occasional Salix x fragilis sens. lat. Hybrid Crack-willow Overhanging ponds Sambucus nigra Elder Occasional in hedges Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue Rough grassland N. of 3rd and 6th fairways Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort Frequent in rough grassland Senecio vulgaris Groundsel Common in disturbed areas Sherardia arvensis Field Madder Dry bank, rare Sinapis arvensis Charlock Disturbed ground, occasional Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard Disturbed ground, occasional Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders Base of wall on path to machinery sheds Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Disturbed ground, occasional Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle Disturbed ground, occasional Sorbus aucuparia Rowan Rare in hedges Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed In pond in front of 6th green and pond in front of the tee box Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort Damp grassland, occasional

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Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort Hedges, frequent Stellaria media Common Chickweed Disturbed ground, common Taraxacum agg. Dandelion Waste places and short grassy areas Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil Bare ground, occasional Trifolium pratense Red Clover Pasture, common Trifolium repens White Clover Most grassy areas, very common Trisetum flavescens

Yellow Oat-grass Short grass next to pond in front of 6th green- only one plant in flower

Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot Waste ground, occasional Typha latifolia Bulrush In various ponds, common Ulex europaeus Gorse Mainly on bank N.of 3rd fairway Urtica dioica Common Nettle Waste places, in soil rich in nutrients Veronica anagallis-

aquatica Blue Water-speedwell Stream E. of 15th fairway, occasional Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell Wall tops, rare Veronica beccabunga Brooklime In most streams and marshy areas, frequent Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell Dry banks and short grassy areas Veronica filiformis Slender Speedwell Occasional on fairways Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell Disturbed ground, common Veronica persica Common Field-speedwell Disturbed ground, occasional Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell Waste ground and short grass, occasional Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch Scrambling through hedges, occasional Vicia sativa Common Vetch In hedges and rough grassland, occasional Vicia sepium Bush Vetch Scrambling through hedges, occasional Viola riviniana Common Dog-violet Hedge banks, occasional Vulpia bromoides

Squirrel Tail Fescue On steep stream bank W. of 15th green, almost pure stands in places

Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue On steep stream bank W. of 15th green, rare Melilotis officinalis Ribbed Melilot Chamomile meadow - planted Melilotis alba White Melilot Chamomile meadow - planted Pimpinella saxifraga Burnett-saxifrage Chamomile meadow - planted Anthemis austriaca Austrian Chamomile Chamomile meadow - planted Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Crane's-bill Hedge N. 15th green, rare Lepidium didymum Swine-cress Waste and disturbed ground, occasional Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed Scrambling through hedges and rough grassland, occasional Viola arvensis Field Pansy Stream bank E. of 15th fairway, rare Typha angustifolia Lesser Bulrush Pond S. of 6th fairway, rare Erodium cicutarium Common Stork's-bill Small plantation close to 16th teebox, only single plant Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil On stream bank in front of 8th green, occasional

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