A Dosimetry and Visualization Tool for the Fukushima Daiichi … · 2011-04-11 · Artist rendition...
Transcript of A Dosimetry and Visualization Tool for the Fukushima Daiichi … · 2011-04-11 · Artist rendition...
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A A DosimetryDosimetry and Visualization Tool for the and Visualization Tool for the
Fukushima Daiichi Power PlantFukushima Daiichi Power Plant
Justin Vazquez, Justin Vazquez, AipingAiping Ding, Ding, TianyuTianyu Liu, Chao Liang, Benjamin Liu, Chao Liang, Benjamin Lawrence, Christopher Gaylord, and Lin SuLawrence, Christopher Gaylord, and Lin Su
Advisor: Dr. X. George Advisor: Dr. X. George XuXu
Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteRensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Spring, 2011Spring, 2011
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MotivationMotivation
Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant before and after the disaster
Photos courtesy of The New York Times
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Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
�� Develop a 3Develop a 3--D model of the Fukushima Daiichi D model of the Fukushima Daiichi
Plant and use this model to simulate the events Plant and use this model to simulate the events
of March/April, 2011 using VR and MCNPof March/April, 2011 using VR and MCNP
�� Incorporate into the model such elements as:Incorporate into the model such elements as:
�� Atmospheric dispersion Atmospheric dispersion
�� Radiation sources present through out the incidentRadiation sources present through out the incident
�� Human phantom models for Human phantom models for dosimetrydosimetry calculationcalculation
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Task GroupsTask Groups
1.1. Plant CAD Modeling and VR IntegrationPlant CAD Modeling and VR Integration
�� Justin Vazquez and Justin Vazquez and AipingAiping DingDing
2.2. Reactor Analysis and Source DefinitionReactor Analysis and Source Definition
�� Chao Liang and Chao Liang and TianyuTianyu LiuLiu
3.3. MCNP Simulation DevelopmentMCNP Simulation Development
�� TianyuTianyu Liu and Lin SuLiu and Lin Su
4.4. Atmospheric Dispersion ModelingAtmospheric Dispersion Modeling
�� Benjamin Lawrence and Christopher GaylordBenjamin Lawrence and Christopher Gaylord
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CAD Models of the Fukushima CAD Models of the Fukushima
Daiichi PlantDaiichi Plant
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CAD ModelsCAD Models
�� Two models developedTwo models developed
�� Reactor site model for VR visualizationReactor site model for VR visualization
�� Simplified model for interpretation into code for Simplified model for interpretation into code for
MCNP simulationMCNP simulation
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
Aerial View of the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant (provided by from Google Maps)
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
3D Model of the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant (originally developed/provided by turbosquid.com)
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
3D Model of the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant (working version in CAD)
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
Artist rendition of a MARK-I BWR reactor
(courtesy NRC)
3D model based on artist rendition
(developed/provided by turbosquid.com)
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
Artist rendition of a MARK-I BWR reactor
(courtesy NRC)
3D model based on artist rendition
(developed/provided by turbosquid.com)
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
Artist rendition of a MARK-I BWR reactor
(courtesy NRC)
3D model based on artist rendition
(developed/provided by turbosquid.com)
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
3-D visual model developed to illustrate steam turbine generator
Photo courtesy of dailykos.com
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
Placement of the reactor and turbine objects in full reactor CAD model
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
Placement of the reactor and turbine objects in full reactor CAD model
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CAD Model for VR VisualizationCAD Model for VR Visualization
Placement of the reactor and turbine objects in full reactor CAD model
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Virtual Reality IntegrationVirtual Reality Integration
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Creating the EON ApplicationCreating the EON Application
CAD
Models
EON
Professional
EON
Applications
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The steps in EON Studio when building all EON The steps in EON Studio when building all EON
applications but the work procedure may also applications but the work procedure may also
include other tasks, for example writing scriptsinclude other tasks, for example writing scripts
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Integration of CAD Models and Integration of CAD Models and
Human Phantom into EONHuman Phantom into EON
Video available on RPI RMDG website:
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/radsafe/public_html/images/RPIfukushima.mp4
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CAD Model for MCNP SimulationCAD Model for MCNP Simulation
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CAD Model for MCNP CAD Model for MCNP
SimulationSimulation
Geometry Simplification for MCNP surface/cell production
(original model developed/provided by turbosquid.com)
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CAD Model for MCNP CAD Model for MCNP
SimulationSimulation
Geometry Simplification for MCNP surface/cell production
(original model developed/provided by turbosquid.com)
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CAD Model for MCNP CAD Model for MCNP
SimulationSimulation
Placement of reactors on map in CAD
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CAD Model for MCNP CAD Model for MCNP
SimulationSimulation
Addition of other plant buildings and ground features
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CAD Model for MCNP CAD Model for MCNP
SimulationSimulation
Completed CAD model for MCNP simulation
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CAD Model for MCNP CAD Model for MCNP
SimulationSimulation
Completed CAD model for MCNP simulation
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Verifying MCNP ResultsVerifying MCNP Results
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Result VerificationResult Verification
Dose distribution measurements will be compared with measurements provided by NISA.
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Result VerificationResult Verification
Dose distribution measurements will be compared with measurements provided by NISA.
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Reactor and Radiation Reactor and Radiation
Source Analysis Source Analysis
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Fukushima Daiichi Reactor Basic InfoFukushima Daiichi Reactor Basic InfoUnitUnit Reactor Reactor
typetype
# Core fuel # Core fuel
assembliesassemblies
PowerPower
[[MWe/MWthMWe/MWth]]
Fuel Fuel
TypeType
Uranium Uranium
Load [ton]Load [ton]
# Spent fuel # Spent fuel
assembliesassemblies
11 BWRBWR--33 400400460/1380460/1380 LEULEU 6969 292292
22 BWRBWR--44 548548784/2381784/2381 LEULEU 9494 587587
33 BWRBWR--44 548548784/2381784/2381 MOXMOX
LEULEU
9494 514514
44 BWRBWR--44 00784/2381784/2381 LEULEU 9494 13311331
55 BWRBWR--44 548548784/2381784/2381 LEULEU 9494 946946
66 BWRBWR--55 7647641100/32931100/3293 LEULEU 132132 876876
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DaiichiDaiichi--3 Core Radioactivity3 Core Radioactivity
Isotope Activity Isotope Activity Isotope Activity
11140140BaBa 39.939.9 1212
85m85mKrKr 5.75.7 23239090SrSr 1.61.6
22144144CeCe 27.927.9 1313
8787KrKr 7.97.9 24249191SrSr 30.030.0
33134134CsCs 62.762.7 1414
8888KrKr 14.814.8 2525129m129mTeTe 1.21.2
44136136CsCs 0.40.4 1515
140140LaLa 40.340.3 2626131m131mTeTe 3.53.5
55137137CsCs 1.91.9 1616
9999MoMo 39.739.7 2727132132TeTe 29.729.7
66131131II 20.520.5 1717
239239NpNp 412.0412.0 2828131m131mXeXe 0.20.2
77132132II 30.230.2 1818
103103RuRu 27.627.6 2929133133XeXe 44.344.3
88133133II 43.543.5 1919
106106RuRu 6.16.1 3030133m133mXeXe 1.41.4
99134134II 36.436.4 2020
127127SbSb 1.41.4 3131135135XeXe 26.226.2
1010135135II 37.637.6 2121
129129SbSb 5.35.3 3232138138XeXe 2.12.1
11118585KrKr 0.20.2 2222
8989SrSr 26.126.1 33339191YY 32.732.7
All values are obtained form SCALE/ORIGEN in unit of [million Curie]
at the moment of shutdown.
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Gamma Spectra Gamma Spectra hourhour--byby--hourhour
Decay information source: Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
NuclideNuclide HalfHalf--LifeLife
II--131131 8 days8 days
CsCs--137137 30 years30 years
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Source Card used in MCNPSource Card used in MCNP
�� Assumptions according to the events and Assumptions according to the events and
damage happened to the power plantsdamage happened to the power plants
1) Percentage of radionuclide released;1) Percentage of radionuclide released;
2) The release pathway.2) The release pathway.
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Radiation Release Events at the Radiation Release Events at the
Fukushima Daiichi PlantFukushima Daiichi Plant
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Overview of EventsOverview of Events
�� 3/113/11--14:46 14:46 EarthquakeEarthquake
�� Units 1Units 1--3: SCRAM3: SCRAM
�� Units 4Units 4--6: not operating6: not operating
�� Emergency Core Cooling SystemEmergency Core Cooling System
--15:41 15:41 TsunamiTsunami
�� Diesel generator damagedDiesel generator damaged
�� Reactor Core Isolation Reactor Core Isolation
Cooling SystemCooling System
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Overview of EventsOverview of Events
Turbine
Pump
Wet-well (Torus for Mark I)
CST
RCIC—battery
Diagram courtesy of NRC
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Overview of EventsOverview of Events
Safety/relief valves
�Residual heat
�steam�pressure
�Safety relief valves manually/automatically opened
Diagram courtesy of scribid.com
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Overview of EventsOverview of Events�Fuel damage�Core uncovery
�Fuel ballooning & bursting
�Rapid Oxidation�Zr+ 2H2O=ZrO2+2H2 @1500K
�P(oxid)>P(decay)
�Debris bed formation�Zr+UO2 melt@1700K
Plate-out
Fission product, noble
gases(Xe, Kr), H2
Diagram courtesy of scribid.com
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Overview of EventsOverview of EventsService Floor
�Primary Containment Depressurization
3/12-14:30 Start venting U1.
-20:41 Starting venting U3.
3/13-08:41 Start venting U3.
-11:00 Start venting U2.
3/14-05:20 Start venting U3.
3/15-00:02 Start venting U2 again. Diagram courtesy of scribid.com
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Overview of EventsOverview of Events
�� Hydrogen ExplosionHydrogen Explosion�� 2H2H22+O+O22 =2H=2H22OO
�� 3/123/12--15:36 U1 @ service building15:36 U1 @ service building
�� 3/143/14--11:01 U3 @ service building11:01 U3 @ service building
�� 3/153/15--06:10 U2 @ torus wet06:10 U2 @ torus wet--well (suspected)well (suspected)
�� 3/153/15--06:00 U4 @ SFP (reported by JAIF)06:00 U4 @ SFP (reported by JAIF)
Instant release
Photos courtesy of The New York Times
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�� Steam/SmokeSteam/Smoke
�� 3/153/15--08:25 White smoke at U2.08:25 White smoke at U2.
�� 3/163/16--08:34 and 08:34 and --10:00 White smoke from U3.10:00 White smoke from U3.
�� 3/213/21--18:22 White vapor (steam) erupted at U218:22 White vapor (steam) erupted at U2
--15:55~18:02 Gray smoke erupted at U3.15:55~18:02 Gray smoke erupted at U3.
�� 3/273/27--White vapor (steam) from U2, U3, and U4.White vapor (steam) from U2, U3, and U4.
Overview of EventsOverview of Events
Stable release
Photo courtesy of en.trend.az
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Atmospheric Dispersion ModelingAtmospheric Dispersion Modeling
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Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling:Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling:
Task ObjectivesTask Objectives
�� Model that predicts distribution of radioactive Model that predicts distribution of radioactive
plume as function of time and location off siteplume as function of time and location off site
1.1. Deposition on ground of CsDeposition on ground of Cs--137 and I137 and I--131 in local 131 in local
area of Japanarea of Japan
2.2. Concentration, from ground up to 2 meters, of Concentration, from ground up to 2 meters, of
released radioactivityreleased radioactivity
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Dispersion of Gas from a Continuous Source:Dispersion of Gas from a Continuous Source:
PasquillPasquill--Gifford equation (Gaussian Plume Model)Gifford equation (Gaussian Plume Model)
�� χχ == Q *Q *[[--0.5(0.5(yy22//σσyy22 + H+ Hee
22//σσzz22)] / ()] / (πσπσyyσσzzµµ))
�� HHee==HHss+d(v+d(v//µµ))1.41.4(1+(1+∆∆T/T)T/T)
Source: Chapter 11 from Introduction to Health Physics by Cember and Johnson
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HYSPLIT ModelHYSPLIT Model�� Model utilized: Hybrid Single Particle Model utilized: Hybrid Single Particle LagrangianLagrangian Integrated Integrated
Trajectory Model Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT)(HYSPLIT)
�� Produced by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAProduced by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) A)
and Australian Bureau of Meteorologyand Australian Bureau of Meteorology
�� Uses National Weather ServiceUses National Weather Service’’s (NWS) Global Data Assimilation s (NWS) Global Data Assimilation
System (GDAS)System (GDAS)
�� Accurate (1Accurate (1oo lat/long, 3 hr timeframe)lat/long, 3 hr timeframe)
�� Can provide trajectory, concentration, Can provide trajectory, concentration,
dispersion, and exposure modelingdispersion, and exposure modeling
�� PrePre--programmed Csprogrammed Cs--137 and I137 and I--131131
Photo courtesy of NOAA
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HYSPLIT SimulationsHYSPLIT Simulations
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Local Radioactivity Distribution Local Radioactivity Distribution
SimulationSimulation
Concentration [µCi/m3] in air from March 14th to March 17th
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Local Radioactivity Distribution Local Radioactivity Distribution
SimulationSimulation
Deposition [µCi/m2] on ground from March 14th to March 17th
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Global Radioactivity Distribution Global Radioactivity Distribution
SimulationSimulation
Concentration [µCi/m3] in air from March 14th to March 21st
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Results from PreliminaryResults from Preliminary
MCNP Simulations MCNP Simulations
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Geometry SimplificationGeometry Simplification
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Simulation 1 Simulation 1 –– AssumptionsAssumptions
�� Secondary containment Secondary containment
for all reactors intactfor all reactors intact
�� Damage to primary Damage to primary
containment in Units 1containment in Units 1--44
�� Uniformly distributed Uniformly distributed
CsCs--137 inside of 137 inside of
secondary containmentsecondary containment
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Simulation 1 Simulation 1 –– AssumptionsAssumptions
�� Secondary containment Secondary containment
for all reactors intactfor all reactors intact
�� Damage to primary Damage to primary
containment in Units 1containment in Units 1--44
�� Uniformly distributed Uniformly distributed
CsCs--137 inside of 137 inside of
secondary containmentsecondary containment
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Simulation Simulation –– Tally DefinitionTally Definition
�� Type 1 mesh tally in MCNPX ver. 2.5.0Type 1 mesh tally in MCNPX ver. 2.5.0
�� Modified to calculateModified to calculate equivalent dose in tissue/organ equivalent dose in tissue/organ
�� Mesh size: Mesh size:
�� 1010××1010××10m cube10m cube
�� Tallied area: Tallied area:
�� X: X: --10m 10m -- 900m900m
�� Y: Y: --80m 80m -- 1200m1200m
�� Z: 0m Z: 0m -- 10m10m
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Simulation 1 Simulation 1 –– ResultsResults
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Simulation 2 Simulation 2 –– AssumptionsAssumptions
�� Secondary containment Secondary containment
damaged for Units 1damaged for Units 1--44
�� Roofs partially removedRoofs partially removed
�� Release of radioactivityRelease of radioactivity
�� Uniformly distributed Uniformly distributed
CsCs--137 inside of 137 inside of
secondary containmentsecondary containment
�� Cylindrical source: Cylindrical source:
R=10m, H=150mR=10m, H=150m
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Simulation 2 Simulation 2 –– ResultsResults
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Conclusions & Further WorkConclusions & Further Work
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What WeWhat We’’ve Learned so Farve Learned so Far
�� Geometry simplification an effective method for Geometry simplification an effective method for
MCNP simulationMCNP simulation
�� Proper defining of the source term perhaps the Proper defining of the source term perhaps the
most important aspect of simulationmost important aspect of simulation
�� Must accurately depict distribution of Must accurately depict distribution of radionuclidesradionuclides
over timeover time
�� Methods detailed in the present study could be Methods detailed in the present study could be
powerful tool for simulating and planning for powerful tool for simulating and planning for
emergency situationsemergency situations
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Next StagesNext Stages
�� Translation of CAD Model into MCNPTranslation of CAD Model into MCNP
�� Performed either through the use of the MCAM Performed either through the use of the MCAM
CADCAD--toto--MCNP software, or manual cell definitionMCNP software, or manual cell definition
�� Improvement of source termImprovement of source term
�� Improved estimates of radioactive nuclide releaseImproved estimates of radioactive nuclide release
�� Accounting for localized atmospheric dispersionAccounting for localized atmospheric dispersion
�� Accounting for radiation from spent fuel poolsAccounting for radiation from spent fuel pools
�� Use of varianceUse of variance--reduction techniques in MCNPreduction techniques in MCNP
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Further WorkFurther Work
�� Integration of dose distribution estimates with Integration of dose distribution estimates with
VR interfaceVR interface
�� Informative, interactive VR simulationInformative, interactive VR simulation
�� Determination of dose in human phantomsDetermination of dose in human phantoms
�� Simulation of impact on workers affected by the Simulation of impact on workers affected by the
incidentincident
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Future DirectionsFuture Directions
�� Simulation of radiation events using Google Simulation of radiation events using Google Earth imagery to model major cities in the U.S.Earth imagery to model major cities in the U.S.
�� Example: New York CityExample: New York City
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Future DirectionsFuture Directions
�� Simulation of individuals walking and sitting on Simulation of individuals walking and sitting on contaminated groundcontaminated ground�� CsCs--137 and Co137 and Co--60 with concentrations of 30 60 with concentrations of 30 kBqkBq mm--22
�� Parallel and isotropic planar sourcesParallel and isotropic planar sources
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Special ThanksSpecial Thanks
�� Rensselaer Nuclear Engineering facultyRensselaer Nuclear Engineering faculty
�� Dr. Peter Dr. Peter CaracappaCaracappa
�� Dr. Dr. SastrySastry SreepadaSreepada
�� Dr. Dr. YaronYaron DanonDanon
�� Rensselaer Nuclear Engineering studentsRensselaer Nuclear Engineering students
�� Matthew MilleMatthew Mille
�� RianRian BahranBahran
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Please contact Justin Vazquez of the RPI Please contact Justin Vazquez of the RPI
Radiation Measurement and Radiation Measurement and DosimetryDosimetry Group to Group to
attain a copy of any of the simulation videos attain a copy of any of the simulation videos
discussed in this presentation: discussed in this presentation: [email protected]@rpi.edu