A Divided NationA Divided Nation

Chapter Review, Chapter Review,

Chapter FifteenChapter Fifteen

There were many reasons There were many reasons for the Civil War.for the Civil War.

Many people think it Many people think it was a war over was a war over slavery and although slavery and although slavery was one of slavery was one of the reasons for the the reasons for the Civil War, it was not Civil War, it was not the only reason. the only reason.

I. Social Differences

In the North… - many changes taking place in the years before 1860

- population grew rapidly - cities were important - immigrant population

grew - education was more

widespread

In the South…

- the white population grew very slowly- small farms were the norm- large numbers of slaves

Two ways of life…

back-breaking labor

or factory labor.

II. Economic DifferencesII. Economic Differences

SouthSouth - mostly agricultural- mostly agricultural - economy dependent on - economy dependent on

large plantationslarge plantations - slave labor needed- slave labor needed - economic ideas - economic ideas

changed slowlychanged slowly - imported most of its - imported most of its

manufactured goodsmanufactured goods - against high tariffs- against high tariffs - against federal banks & - against federal banks &

spendingspending

NorthNorth - industrialized- industrialized - cities grew - cities grew - work performed by - work performed by

hired workershired workers - loans needed- loans needed - wanted federal aid for - wanted federal aid for

transportationtransportation - favored high tariffs on - favored high tariffs on

imported goods imported goods - favored federal banks - favored federal banks

& spending& spending

III. Political Differences

In the early years, North and South had similar political views.

-constitutional form of government - limits on gov. officials and actions - representative form of government - states took care of their affairs, while

federal gov. took care of national problems

States’ Rights

- one view was these rights were above those of the federal government

- as the debate over slavery grew, southern leaders embraced the idea of states’ rights

Federal Supremacy

- the view was that the federal government helped promote national unity and progress

- Supreme Court emphasized supremacy of the federal gov. over the governments of the states

SlaverySlavery

- demand for slaves grew after the - demand for slaves grew after the invention of the cotton gin (more farmers invention of the cotton gin (more farmers turned to growing cotton; gave up other turned to growing cotton; gave up other crops)crops)

- there were approximately 1 million - there were approximately 1 million slaves in the U.S. in 1808 when Congress slaves in the U.S. in 1808 when Congress stopped the importation of slavesstopped the importation of slaves

- by 1850, there were 3 million slaves - by 1850, there were 3 million slaves - ten years later, there were 4 million - ten years later, there were 4 million

slavesslaves

Slave jobsSlave jobs

- given a variety of tasks, not just field workers

- mines, railroads, blacksmiths, and carpenters

- on plantations, they were household servants and field hands

Slave CodesSlave Codes

- meant to control slaves- meant to control slaves - not allowed to read and write- not allowed to read and write - travel restricted- travel restricted - punishments were common for - punishments were common for

even the even the

smallest infractionsmallest infraction

Slave ProtestsSlave Protests - no rights, but worked against the - no rights, but worked against the

slavery system… slavery system… found comfort in religionfound comfort in religion made up songsmade up songs slowed their work and damaged toolsslowed their work and damaged tools participated in revolts, which often participated in revolts, which often

failedfailed escaped, a dangerous journey, escaped, a dangerous journey,

sometimessometimes using the Underground Railroadusing the Underground Railroad

Abolitionists- Sojourner Truth and

Frederick Douglass were free blacks who worked to end slavery and for equal treatment for black people.

Slavery & Politics

- before 1840, slavery was kept out of national politics

- major parties, Democrats & Whigs got their support from all over the country

-arguments for & against slavery were proposed by authors and reformers, not politicians

The Missouri Compromise, part 1

- representatives in Congress had looked out for the interests of their own states

- slave and free states had been admitted in equal numbers, but an uneasy balance of power in the Senate existed

Missouri wanted statehood; bill proposed that would outlaw slavery & free those already held there

Missouri Compromise, part 2

- this would give the North an advantage in the Senate

- Henry Clay proposed admission as a slave state

- Maine would be added as a free state now that it was no longer part of Massachusetts

- no slavery below latitude 36-30

- settled the slavery issue for over 25 years

Popular Sovereignty• slavery came up again as we expanded

and especially after the Mexican War• Wilmot proposed no slavery in new

territories; it failed• popular sov. was a plan for each

territory to decide the slavery issue for themselves

• this did not settle the question for long

Free-Soil Party• Democrats & Whigs still

not taking a stand against slavery.

• brought slavery to national politics

• wanted no slavery in new territories

• wanted free homesteads for settlers

• wanted federal money for internal improvements

A new party, the Free-Soil Party, was formed by thosein both parties who wereopposed to slavery.

Compromise of 1850, part 1

• deadlocked now over the lands won in the Mexican War

• this could upset the balance of power in the Senate

• this compromise balanced Texas (slave) with California (free)

• popular sovereignty would determine the slavery status of the other territories

• lands given to New Mexico; Texas was given 10 million dollars by federal government for the land

Compromise of 1850, part 2

• for antislavery forces, proposal called for no slavery in the District of Columbia

• for proslavery forces, proposal called for a Fugitive Slave Act – federal officers used to catch slaves

• bill passed after Pres. Taylor died• thought to have settled the issue of

slavery

The Road to DisunionThe Road to Disunion

Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act ““Bleeding Kansas”Bleeding Kansas” Election of 1856Election of 1856

Dred Scott CaseDred Scott Case Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid

Final BreakFinal Break

Party conventionsParty conventions Election of 1860Election of 1860 Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America

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The breaking point was now reached. The The breaking point was now reached. The North and the South no longer believed it was North and the South no longer believed it was possible to have the same political, social and possible to have the same political, social and economic systems. What will happen now?economic systems. What will happen now?