A Debate Session on “Digital Addiction” Raian Ali, Jacqui Taylor, Keith Phalp.
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Transcript of A Debate Session on “Digital Addiction” Raian Ali, Jacqui Taylor, Keith Phalp.
A Debate Session on“Digital Addiction”
Raian Ali, Jacqui Taylor, Keith Phalp
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
2 12 Jun 2014
Message
Digital Addiction, has become a serious issue that has a diversity of socio-economic side effects. In spite of its high importance, DA got little recognition or guidance as to how software development should take it into account.
This is in stark contrast to other domains known for traditional addiction (e.g., drugs, gambling, and alcohol) in which there are clear rules and policies on how to manufacture, market and sell the products.
We advocate the need to consider DA as a first class concept in developing software systems.
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
3 12 Jun 2014
DA and Depression
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
4 12 Jun 2014
A Study at University of Winchester,
Ten self-confessed Facebook “addicts” and ten prolific tweeters were asked to stop using their accounts for four weeks.
Many quickly became isolated from friends and family and reported feeling "cut off from the world".
“So much of my life was organised via Facebook. I haven’t communicated with my family all week.”
“I’ve felt alone and cut off from the world. My fingers seem to be programmed to seek out the Facebook app every time I pick up my phone.”
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/social-media/9986950/Twitter-and-Facebook-addicts-suffer-withdrawal-symptoms.html
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
5 12 Jun 2014
One woman from Wales said being forced off Facebook allowed her to catch-up on household chores,
Another volunteer confessed that the ban had allowed her to spend more time with her daughter.
Those who had avoided social media in the past could find it useful and enjoyable.
Researchers took ten people with inactive Twitter and Facebook accounts, and ten who had never used social media at all, and asked them to regularly tweet and update their Facebook status for four weeks.
One participant said: “I thought I would find using Facebook every day dull and pointless, but I’m finding that I’m quite enjoying it. I’m actually seeing my friends more now.”
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
6 12 Jun 2014
The Ultras the networks are their primary
communications
The Deniers They reckon they can easily live without it
The Dippers ‘Dippers’ access their pages infrequently
The Virgins These ‘Virgins’ are taking their first tentative
steps in social media
The Lurkers Hiding in the shadows of cyberspace,
they watch what others are saying on social networks but rarely (if ever) participate themselves
The Peacocks They judge their social standing on how
many followers or fans they have, and the aim of each post or tweet is to secure as many ‘likes’ or re-tweets as possiblehttp://
www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/social-media/9987213/What-type-of-social-media-user-are-you.html
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
7 12 Jun 2014
The Ranters Often meek and mild in face-to-face
conversations, ‘Ranters’ are highly opinionated online
The Ghosts Create usernames that allow them to remain
largely anonymous The Changelings
anonymous online isn’t enough. They also adopt very different personalities, confident in the knowledge that no-one knows their real identity.
The Quizzers Quizzers’ like to ask questions not because they
actually want to know the answers, but because asking questions allows them to start conversations.
The Informers Being the first to spot something interesting and
pass it on earns you kudos and – just as importantly – more followers and fans
The Approval-seekers They post and then wait for responses. They feel
anxious till they get responses
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
8 12 Jun 2014
Story
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Dark Humour
12 Jun 2014
Raising a virtual kid is perhaps more entertaining Social visibility Gifts Profiling in short term “Designing” the kid
you want Feeding by a click Cleaning by mouse
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Some might be useful
12 Jun 2014
http://www.myvirtualchild.com/
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It could be more serious
12 Jun 2014
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
12
Addiction types
12 Jun 2014
Kimberly S. Young classifies it to: Computer addiction: computer game addiction Information overload: web surfing addiction Net compulsions: online gambling or online
shopping Cybersexual addiction: adult websites, Sexting Cyber-relationship addiction: online
relationships Social Networks Addiction would be seen in this type
Young, K. “Internet addiction: Evaluation and treatment”. Student Brit. Med. J. 1999, 7, 351-352
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Symptoms
12 Jun 2014
SNS addiction incorporates the experience of the ‘classic’ addiction symptoms, namely Mood modification (i.e., engagement in SNSs leads to a favourable
change in emotional states) Salience (i.e., behavioral, cognitive, and emotional preoccupation
with the SNS usage) Tolerance (i.e., ever increasing use of SNSs over time) Withdrawal symptoms (i.e., experiencing unpleasant physical and
emotional symptoms when SNS use is restricted or stopped) Conflict (i.e., interpersonal and intrapsychic problems ensue
because of SNS usage), Relapse (i.e., addicts quickly revert back in their excessive SNS
usage after an abstinence period)
Griffiths, M.D. A “components model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework.” J. Subst. Use 2005, 10, 191-197.
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Negative Consequences
12 Jun 2014
Less involved with their real life communities Nyland, R.; Marvez, R.; Beck, J. MySpace: Social networking or social isolation? In
Proceedings of the Midwinter Conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Midwinter Conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Reno, NV, USA, 23–24 February 2007.
Insecure in real-life, compensation in SNS Barker, V. Older adolescents’ motivations for social network site use: The influence of
gender, group identity, and collective self-esteem. CyberPsychol. Behav. 2009, 12, 209-213.
Negative feedback on SNS has negative effect particularly for people with low self-esteem who use SNSs to compensate that Ellison, N.B.; Steinfield, C.; Lampe, C. The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital
and college students’ use of online social network sites. J. Comput-Mediat. Comm. 2007, 12.
Facebook users had lower Grade Point Averages. Of the 26% of student feeling the impact on their lives, three-quarters (74%) claimed that it had a negative impact, namely procrastination, distraction, and poor time-management. Kirschner, P.A.; Karpinski, A.C. Facebook and academic performance. Comput. Hum.
Behav. 2010, 26, 1237-1245.
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Negative Consequences
12 Jun 2014
Facebook impact on romantic relationships. Disclosure of rich private information jealous cyberstalking, including interpersonal electronic
surveillance by one’s partner, jealousy, divorce and associated legal action.
However, due to the lack of longitudinal designs used in the presented studies, no causal inferences can be drawn multi-tasking when studying could affect poor academic
achievement pre-existent relationship difficulties are just exacerbated by
SNS use
Kuss, Daria J., and Mark D. Griffiths. "Online social networking and addiction—a review of the psychological literature." International journal of environmental research and public health 8.9 (2011): 3528-3552.
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
16 12 Jun 2014
http://www.brmc.com/programs-services/internet-addiction-bradford-pa.php
http://www.brmc.com/programs-services/07-2013-Internet%20Addiction-SHEET.pdf
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
17 12 Jun 2014
Meeting five of the following symptoms were considered necessary to be diagnosed: Do you feel preoccupied with the Internet? Do you feel the need to use the Internet with increasing amounts of
time in order to achieve satisfaction? Have you repeatedly made unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back,
or stop Internet use? Do you feel restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when attempting
to cut down or stop Internet use? Do you stay online longer than originally intended? Have you jeopardized or risked the loss of significant relationship,
job, educational or career opportunity because of the Internet? Have you lied to family members, therapist, or others to conceal the
extent of involvement with the Internet? Do you use the Internet as a way of escaping from problems or of
relieving a dysphoric mood (e.g., feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety, depression)?
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
18 12 Jun 2014
Other Symptoms Include: Failed attempts to control behaviour Heightened sense of euphoria while involved in
computer and internet activities Neglecting friends and family Neglecting sleep to stay online Being dishonest with others Feeling guilty, ashamed, anxious, or depressed as
a result of online behavior Physical changes such as weight gain or loss,
backaches, headaches, carpal tunnel syndrome Withdrawing from other pleasurable activities
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
19 12 Jun 2014
Dr. Kimberly Young, the founder of the non-profit program “[Internet addiction] is a problem in this country that can
be more pervasive than alcoholism" “The Internet is free, legal and fat free”
A 'digital detox' is when the patient is cut off from any Internet connection or computer use for 72 hours. For many, the thought of being disconnected from the Internet may
feel like a vacation. But for those with the addiction, they can face withdrawals similar
to those seen in people addicted to marijuana. These patients can face depression, irritability and in some cases violence.
http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/09/01/hospital-first-inpatient-treatment-internet-addiction/
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In UK
12 Jun 2014
Comments on the post:
“In 1980 if I took a morning train to London everyone would be reading a newspaper and avoiding contact with the person they are sitting next. In 2013 everyone is occupied by their digital device and is still avoiding contact. Progress ?”
“I think phone companies have done a brilliant job in brainwashing people into believing they cannot live without a mobile.”
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Mind-map for DA
12 Jun 2014
Amen Alrobai, Keith Phalp, Raian Ali. Digital Addiction: a Requirements Engineering Perspective. The 20th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2014). Essen, Germany. April 2014.
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Addiction as Resistance to Change
12 Jun 2014
People typically resist changes Sometimes, even when it has clear benefits
Examples from the education sector: From teacher-led to student-centerd Marking online vs. marking papers
Examples from marketing Traditional marketing (news papers, TV and
flyers) vs Social Media marketing Direct marketing vs. Soft-marketing
Coke products displayed on TV shows and movies. "American Idol" is a popular TV show, with about millions of viewers.
Addiction to the current, fearing the new
http://toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Software Industry
12 Jun 2014
Addiction is a hidden goal, Some Game industries Customers’ loyalty
Addiction is still seen out of the scope of Software Industry No liability on how user would use the software No “addiction-free” tests are in place Maybe this is rightful?
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Anti-Addiction Program
12 Jun 2014
China, 8 ministries Anti-addiction program must be installed with
Games Protect gamers under the age of 18
“You've been playing for three hours, it says, so it's time to get some exercise. If you ignore it, the total points you've won in the past three hours will be halved. After five hours of uninterrupted play, your points will be wiped out”
Defeat addiction by Turns Timer Losing points if you play much
Treatment by the reason of disease
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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But… Software can react
12 Jun 2014
Software is “more intelligent” than Alcohol Alcohol can not tell you to stop, software can
Software can be designed to react, but when and how?
Besides banning/penalty (which might not be a bad option sometimes) Constructive criticism Incentives-centred design Gamification
You attend social events and share photos and get points Avatars (thanks Tessa Corner @ Streetscene) Socio-technial treatment or a “Blended” treatment Peer pressure Mutual Commitment
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Why is not it on Software?
12 Jun 2014
Tobacco Warning http://www.tobaccolabels.ca /
Uruguay: 80% of the front and 80% of the back http://www.tobaccolabels.ca/countries/Uruguay /
Uruguay Government Vs Philip Morris the design of six messages that will fill the 80%
space a regulation that forces companies to sell only one
variation of cigarettes per brand (to get around a previous prohibition on labelling cigarettes as ‘light’ or ‘ultralight’, some manufacturers had taken to colour-labelling cigarette packs)
http://www.tobaccotactics.org/index.php/Philip_Morris_vs_the_Government_of_Uruguay
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-27647477
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Why is not it on Software?
12 Jun 2014
The Food Labelling Regulations of 1996 require certain information to be given on all pre-packed foods. These requirements are written by the EU.
These are the items on the label that are required by law. manufacturer's name and contact details name of the product description of the product weight (some foods are exempt, for example bread) ingredients (listed in descending order of weight) cooking/heating instructions storage instructions shelf life place of origin allergy information
The following items are not legal requirements, but are nevertheless good practice and often included on packaging: illustration of product price nutritional values of the product customer guarantee the batch-code and bar-code numbers opening instructions
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/foodtech/packaginglabellingrev5.shtml
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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But is it really addiction?
12 Jun 2014
It could be just an augmented-reality
Google glasses makes computing part of a person’s eyes and memory
Addiction for one generation New life style for another Inherent property of the new
“digital-native” generation
http://www.glassappsource.com/
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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It is not the software
12 Jun 2014
It is not the software, it is the user who is the genuine and perhaps sole responsible. Really? http://
www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/neknomination-facebook-refuses-ban-pages-3108497
Irish Minister Pat Rabbitte said the first responsibility is with young people falling for a "stupid ruse".
Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning
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Debate?
12 Jun 2014
Socio-Technical Healing
New Life Style, it is
not addiction
Addiction label?Impact
Public Awarene
ss
Do you know more?