A D U DRAFT B R A B D N A U - Organization of American ... Energy Action Plan – Antigua and...
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN MARCH 2013
Transcript of A D U DRAFT B R A B D N A U - Organization of American ... Energy Action Plan – Antigua and...
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SUSTAINABLE ENERGYACTION PLAN
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DRAFT
Prepared by the Department of Sustainable Development of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States with the expert advice of IT Power Group – European Division under the European Union funded initiative “Caribbean Sustainable Energy Program (CSEP)”.
The views expressed herein are presented for informational purposes only and do not represent the opinions or official positions of the European Union, the Organization of American States,
its General Secretariat, or any of its member States.
Cover photo: Courtesy of Girvan Pigott
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Antigua & Barbuda is a Caribbean island state that relies almost exclusively on imported fossil fuels for electricity generation, transportation and cooking. This imposes a very big financial burden for the economy of the country.
In terms of electricity generation Antigua & Barbuda relies almost exclusively on fossil fuels (diesel and HFO). The electrical installed capacity is approximately 121MW and the production capacity is 105.5MW. In 2009, net generation in Antigua and Barbuda was of 326GWh, derived from fossil fuel generating plants. Besides fossil fuel generation plants, since the end of 2009, there is a small photovoltaic grid-connected pilot project of 3kW installed in Antigua. This small renewable energy facility in the full year of 2010 supplied to the grid 4.8MWh of electricity.
Antigua & Barbuda is endowed with renewable energy resources, mostly wind and solar, and these renewable resources have not been exploited yet. Studies indicate 400MW and 27MW potential for wind and solar respectively. Nevertheless, additional studies need to be carried out to evaluate the useful extent of this technology as well as other resources such as biogas and waste to energy (WTE).
In terms of consumption, from 2001 to 2010 total energy consumption increased 45%. Between 2001 and 2006 energy consumption increased at an annual average rate of 3.2% and from 2007 until 2010 at an annual average rate of 5.6% From 2007 to 2010 electricity demand in Antigua & Barbuda, and consequently consumption increased approximately 16%, from 200GWh in 2007 to 232GWh in 2010. The main electricity consumption sectors in 2010 were the Commercial (45%), Domestic (38%) and Government/Public sector (11%). From 2010 to 2011, the total consumption in the country in these three sectors increased 2%, from 94% in 2010 to 96% in 2011.
In recent years, Antigua & Barbuda has made important strides in its energy policy by drafting and approving their National Energy Policy (NEP) in November 2011. This is the main policy in terms of renewable energy and energy efficiency development. The National Energy Policy document sets out the Government of Antigua & Barbuda’s approach in achieving its vision that:
By 2030 Antigua & Barbuda will meet the needs of the present generation while safeguarding the environment and enabling future generations to meet their own energy needs. All citizens and residents will have access to affordable efficient, socially responsible and reliable forms of energy.
According to the NEP of Antigua & Barbuda approved in 2011 (herein referred as NEP 2011), the following five (5) sector priorities for the energy sector have been defined:
• Energy Cost Reduction - Targeted efficiency and conservation measures designed to reduce the overall energy intensity of the economy by 10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years.
• Diversification of Energy Sources - Reformed market framework and mandated targets to achieve 15% renewable energy in the electricity supply by 2030.
• Electricity Reliability Improvement - Regulatory reform designed to protect consumer interest and improve the quality of electricity supply.
• Environmental Protection – Laws and regulations which ensure that environmental considerations are an integral part of the energy permit process and in the planning and execution of energy related projects.
• Stimulate new Economic Opportunities – Incentives and market mechanisms to create an enabling environment for private investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency measures, including support for education and training.
Particular attention has been provided to the power and transportation sectors, as those are the major consumption sectors in terms of energy. ii
on August 20th 2011.
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The SEAP, as defined in the Antigua & Barbuda’s National Energy Policy (NEP) is intended to serve as a roadmap for the energy future in Antigua and Barbuda from 2010 until 2030. It contains short (1-5 years), medium (5-10 years), and long (10-20 years) term actions designed to enhance the implementation of the policies and goals of Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP. The specific activities contained in the SEAP will foster energy conservation and energy efficiency, diversification of energy sources, sustainable energy consumption and generation as well as the utilization of renewable energy sources available in Antigua and Barbuda (the five main pillars of the NEP).
Within the SEAP and to achieve the referred objectives, three specific strategies and one general cross-cutting strategy have been defined:
1. Strategy 0: General Cross Cutting Strategy: intends to address some of the institutional and regulatory barriers identified for A&B. It addresses the Institutional barriers that have hindered active Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy development in A&B and those frameworks that should be instituted before active implementation of the SEAP. Moreover, it also addresses the lack of specific attention to the energy sector (energy is a matter that is dealt under the Cabinet of the Prime Minister by the Government and lacks a dedicated specific institution).
2. Strategy I: Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency - intends to address the following barriers: " A&B high energy intensity index; " Low levels of energy efficiency in the electricity sector; " Low levels of energy efficiency in the energy consuming sectors, in particular the
commercial, public, residential, agro-industrial and transport sectors; " Low levels of energy efficiency from building designs, electrical installations and low
levels of energy efficiency of end use devices.
3. Strategy II: Renewable Energy Development – intends to address the following barriers: " High dependency on imported petroleum (fossil fuels); " Lack of know indigenous fossil fuel sources; " High energy import bill; " High electricity costs; " Lack of detailed data for determining renewable energy projects; " Lack of renewable energy projects; " Inexistent independent regulatory agencies;
4. Strategy III: Education and Awareness - intends to address the following barriers:
" Low awareness and technical capacity on energy efficiency and renewable energy; " Low level of education on energy efficiency and renewable energy; " Low level of resources dedicated to the energy sector; " Low involvement of the financial sector on energy efficiency and renewable energy
projects; " Lack of certified renewable energy installers; " Lack of certified energy efficiency auditors.
To address these issues, and achieve the strategic intent of the SEAP, the most efficient, reliable and accessible forms of energy to be developed and promoted, especially renewable energy technologies, energy efficiency practices and energy saving measures were identified and analysed. Research into the development of an appropriate legal, institutional and economic framework and management structure for enabling sustainable and economically sound energy activities and services within A&B and in cooperation with Caribbean initiatives was also undertaken. This
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methodology seeks to encourage regional and international technical and funding collaboration to stimulate an enabling environment for the implementation and integration of appropriate RE/EE measures in A&B.
The four strategies delineated under the SEAP identify different, strategic intents, lines of actions and specific measures to be implemented. The following table summarise the strategic intents and lines of action proposed under each of the four strategies.
Table 1: Summary of the strategic intent and lines of actions proposed in the different strategies in the SEAP
Strategy Strategic intents Policy/Line of Action
Strategy 0: Cross-Cutting Strategy
01: Reformulation of the Energy Related Institutional and Organisational Framework
01.1 Create the Energy Unit
01.2 Create the Energy Advisory Panel
01.3 Create Independent Regulatory Agency
02: Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP 02.1 Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP
0.3: Diversification of Energy Sources
03.1: Enhance the contribution of the energy sector to climate change mitigation and adaptation 03.2: Define a fuel diversification strategy for the short, medium and long term and develop priorities for diversification
Strategy I: Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency
I.1: Create appropriate structures, instruments and tools to enable the development and implementation of energy efficiency programmes and measures
I1.1: Elaborate energy end-uses statistics and monitoring tools
I1.2: Define and implement incentives for the efficient use of energy
I1.3: Define the role of APUA and other market actors in the promotion of energy efficiency
I1.4: Revise electricity tariffs to stimulate energy efficiency
I.2: Coordinate national energy efficiency programmes with international and regional initiatives
I2.1: Coordinate national energy efficiency programmes with international and regional initiatives
I.3: Develop and implement horizontal energy efficiency measures
I3.1: Energy auditing and management programme
I3.2: Building codes
I3.3: Energy efficiency standards and labelling
I3.4: Replacement of energy consuming equipment
I3.5: Energy efficient lighting
I.4: Develop and implement targeted sector specific energy efficiency programmes and measures
I4.1: Energy efficiency programme in the electricity sector
I4.2: Energy efficiency programme in the public sector
I4.3: Energy efficiency programme in the residential sector
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Strategy Strategic intents Policy/Line of Action
I4.4: Energy efficiency programme in the tourist sector
I4.5: Energy efficiency programme in the agro-industrial sector
I4.6: Energy efficiency programme in the transport sector
Strategy II: Renewable Energy Development
II1: Create an enabling environment for the development of renewable energy through private sector participation
II1.1: Provide Incentive package to directly stimulate renewable energy deployment
II1.2: Open the market for private generation of RES electricity
II1.3: Provide incentive package for utilisation of cleaner technologies in the transport sector
II.2: Integration of renewable energy in the grid
II2.1: Analysis of the impacts of integration of renewable energy in the grid
II.3: Develop appropriate renewable energy sources
II3.1: Strengthen economic and scientific data through resource assessments on the country’s energy resource potential (namely wind, solar and waste to energy (WTE)) II3.2: Develop renewable energy diversification priorities (based on cost, efficiency, environmental considerations) II3.3: Promote the use of small renewable generation through the production of a fast track approval process and by streamlining the procedures and standards
II4: Diversification of Energy Sources
II4.1: Promote incorporation of biodiesel
II4.2: Diversify energy sources by type and geographical location
II4.3: Engage in multilateral/regional a/ bilateral partnerships and cooperative agreements that contribute to Antigua & Barbuda energy goals and objectives
II5: Application of emerging technologies II5.1: Undertake review of new emerging technologies
II6: Establish policy, enforce laws, regulations and institutions that create equitable and transparent opportunities for all stakeholders in the energy sector
II6.1: Develop transparent and comprehensive policy framework for the electricity sector and or amend existing legislation
II6.2: Promote a market based approach and increase competition in the sector
II6.3: Amend existing legislation and regulations or promulgate new ones where necessary to ensure responsible market behaviour
II6.4: Develop and implement a comprehensive regulatory framework for the energy sector
II6.5: Continuously review the existing internal regulatory framework for performance, strengths, weaknesses and lessons learnt while recognising the
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Strategy Strategic intents Policy/Line of Action
implications of external dimensions and formulate and implement programmes of regulatory reform
II6.6: Review and modify national framework and industry structure for the energy sector towards the achievement of the NEP goals
Strategy III: Education and Awareness
III1: Develop and Implement programmes to influence non-market behaviour toward and to promote efficient use of energy
III1.1: Draft and Implement a public consumer awareness and education program and end-use statistics on energy efficiency awareness III1.2: Encourage research development and timely and efficient implementation of renewable energy projects
III2: Capacity Building and Training
III.2.1: Build Capacity of the Energy Unit in the field of RE and EE
III.2.2: Train professional staff in relevant public and private sector
III2.3: Systematic inclusion of RE and EE topics in school curriculum
III2.4: RE installers certification programmes
III2.5: Energy auditing and management programme
III2.6: EE in the transport sector
III2.7: Articulation with other programmes and initiatives in the region
III3: Undertake public information sessions for the general public and target groups about support measures
III3.1 Raising public awareness and acceptance
III3.2 Identify and promote funding assistance programs for the public
For each line of action proposed the SEAP defines specific measures for its implementation. For details on the measures proposed please consult the Sections 6.2, 7.2, 8.2 and 9.2 of the SEAP.
As part of the development of the SEAP, these four strategies (including institutional reform) were subjected to analysis as it relates to:
o Timeline for implementation (ranging from 5-20 years); o Priority - Based on the evaluation criteria of: Relevance to the NEP and its goals,
Influence to existing and future policies, Impact/Reach, Environmental impact (GHG reduction), Cost Benefit, Feasibility and Synergies with other programmes;
o Responsible Agencies to implement and coordinate the actions and measures outlined;. o Outcomes and Indicators as it relates to the 2010 baselines.
These criteria have been identified based on requirements expressed in the NEP as the criteria to be used to identify the priorities and timeline for the implementation of each line of action. These have been used to build up the Roadmap for SEAP implementation.
The Roadmap for SEAP implementation presented in the figure below highlights the proposed path towards reversing the negative and significant impact that almost exclusive dependency on fossil fuel has on the economy and environment of A&B.
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The implementation of the proposed roadmap (which does not include RE and EE equipment, installation and maintenance) will need investments of approximately EC#$%! &'((')*! +,-./0*!1,0'22/,*! 3)((,0-4! )5/0! ,! 6/0')7! )8! $9! :/,0-;! </=.')*! >>! 60)5'7/-! ,! 20/,?7)@*! )8! .A/! /-.'&,./7!2B7C/.!6/0!60)6)-/7!-.0,./C:;!!
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With the proposed strategies, lines of actions and measures, A&B will successfully integrate an economic development model which is less carbon intensive and less dependent on fossil fuels.
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AN
TIG
UA
AN
D B
AR
BU
DA
xi
March 2013
ABBREVIATIONS
A&B Antigua & Barbuda
ABIA Antigua & Barbuda Investment Authority
APUA Antigua Public Utilities Authority
CARICOM Caribbean Community
CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp
DCA Development Control Authority
EC Eastern Caribbean Dollars
ECERA Eastern Caribbean Energy Regulatory Authority
EE Energy Efficiency
EU Europe
Gov. Government
IPPs Independent Power Producers
LED Light-Emitting Diodes
MW Megawatt
MWh Megawatt-hour
NEP National Energy Policy
NGO Non-Governmental Organisations
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
PV Photovoltaics
RE Renewable Energy
RES Renewable Energy Sources
SEAP Sustainable Energy Action Plan
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme
US United States of America
WTE Waste-to-Energy
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
daxii
March 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... ii!ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. xi!TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... xii!1! INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1!2! OVERALL STRATEGY ........................................................................................ 2!
2.1! Objective(s) and Targets ................................................................... 2!2.2! Current Framework ......................................................................... 2!
Current Framework ......................................................................... 2!2.3! Organisation and Financial Aspects ....................................................... 5!
Responsible Agency (ies) and Stakeholders for the implementation of the SEAP ....................................................................................... 5!Estimated Budget for SEAP Implementation ............................................ 7!
3! SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 8!4! BASELINE AND BASELINE EMISSIONS ..................................................................... 10!
4.1! Baseline and Baseline Scenario ............................................................ 10!4.2! Baseline Emission Inventory and Baseline Emission Scenario ......................... 12!
5! EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM THE SEAP ................................................................... 15!6! STRATEGY 0: General Cross-Cutting Strategy .......................................................... 16!
6.1! Objectives and Targets ..................................................................... 16!6.2! Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders ........................................................... 16!6.5! Expected Outcomes from the proposed Lines of Action to be implemented and Indicators to measure implementation progress ............................................ 19!6.6! Definition of Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Strategy ............................................................................................ 20!
7! STRATEGY 1: ENERGY CONSERVATION & ENERGY EFFICIENCY ...................................... 22!7.1! Objectives and Targets ..................................................................... 22!7.2! Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders ........................................................... 22!7.3! Expected Outcomes from the Lines of Action to be implemented and Indicators to measure implementation progress ................................................. 29!7.4! Implementation Priorities and Timing for Implementation of the Energy Efficiency Strategy .................................................................................... 32!
8! STRATEGY 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT .................................................... 35!8.1! Goal and Objectives ........................................................................ 35!8.2! Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be Implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders ........................................................... 35!
(Continued)
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8.3! Expected Outcomes from the lines of action to be implemented and indicators to measure implementation progress ................................................. 43!8.4! Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Renewable Energy Development Strategy ......................................................... 47!
9! STRATEGY 3: PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS ................................................... 51!9.1! Goal and Objectives ........................................................................ 51!9.2! Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be Implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders ........................................................... 51!9.3! Expected outcomes from the lines of action to be implemented and indicators to measure implementation progress ................................................. 57!9.4! Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Education and Awareness Strategy .............................................................................. 60!
10! ROADMAP FOR SEAP IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................ 62!11! ESTIMATED COST AND POTENTIAL SOURCES OF FUNDING .......................................... 65!
11.1! Estimated Cost ............................................................................... 65!Annex I – Methodology for the definition of the implementation priorities ........................... 66!Annex II – Estimated figures per measure for each of the four strategies proposed under
the SEAP ................................................................................................ 68!Annex III – Potential Sources of Funding .................................................................... 104!
(TABLE OF CONTENTS, Continued )
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1 INTRODUCTION This report presents the proposed Draft for the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) for Antigua & Barbuda (A&B).
The SEAP delineates achievable target quotas for the NEP’s five goals (energy cost reduction, diversification of energy sources, electricity reliability improvement, environmental protection and stimulate new economic opportunities) as well as four strategies (general cross-cutting strategy, energy conservation and energy efficiency, renewable energy development and education and awareness) for achieving these goals.
For each of the four strategies outlined, goals and objectives, specific actions to be implemented, responsible agency per each action, appropriate indicators to measure its outputs, level of priority (short, medium or long term), cost and potential sources of funds have been identified. The SEAP is intended to align concrete goals and the strategies to achieve the five guiding pillars of the NEP in order to enable the creation of a stable sustainable and efficient energy sector that fosters the national economic and social development in Antigua & Barbuda.
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2 OVERALL STRATEGY
2.1 Objective(s) and Targets The SEAP, as defined in the Antigua & Barbuda’s National Energy Policy (NEP) is intended to serve as a roadmap for the energy future in Antigua and Barbuda from 2010 until 2030. The SEAP contains short (1-5 years), medium (5-10 years), and long (10-20 years) term actions designed to enhance the implementation of the policies and goals of Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP. The specific activities contained in the SEAP will foster energy conservation, energy efficiency, and diversification of energy sources, sustainable energy consumption and generation as well as the utilization of renewable energy sources available in Antigua and Barbuda.
The SEAP contemplates a traversal general strategy and three specific strategies:
• Strategy 0: General Cross-Cutting Strategy
• Strategy I: Energy Conservation & Energy Efficiency
• Strategy II: Renewable Energy Development
• Strategy III: Education and Awareness
With the implementation of these strategies A&B expects to reduce in 2020 10% of its overall energy intensity compared to 2010 values and to reduce its dependency on fossil fuels by 10%, as well.
2.2 Current Framework
Current Framework
In recent years, Antigua & Barbuda has made important strides in its energy policy by drafting and approving their National Energy Policy (NEP) in November 2011. This is the main policy in terms of renewable energy and energy efficiency development. The National Energy Policy document sets out the Government of Antigua & Barbuda’s approach in achieving its vision that:
By 2030 Antigua & Barbuda will meet the needs of the present generation while safeguarding the environment and enabling future generations to meet their own energy needs. All citizens and residents will have access to affordable efficient, socially responsible and reliable forms of energy.
According to the National Energy Policy of Antigua & Barbuda approved in 2011 (herein referred as NEP 2011), the following five (5) sector priorities for the energy sector have been defined:
• Energy Cost Reduction - Targeted efficiency and conservation measures designed to reduce the overall energy intensity of the economy by 10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years.
• Diversification of Energy Sources - Reformed market framework and mandated targets to achieve 15% renewable energy in the electricity supply by 2030.
• Electricity Reliability Improvement - Regulatory reform designed to protect consumer interest and improve the quality of electricity supply.
• Environmental Protection – Laws and regulations which ensure that environmental considerations are an integral part of the energy permit process and in the planning and execution of energy related projects.
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• Stimulate new Economic Opportunities – Incentives and market mechanisms to create an enabling environment for private investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency measures, including support for education and training.
Particular attention has been provided to the power and transportation sectors, as those are the major consumption sectors in terms of energy.
Power Sector
According to the NEP 2011, transformation of the electricity supply will involve moving from a total dependence on fossil fuel to a mix of which includes solar, wind and waste to energy. To this end, the government will facilitate resource assessments and pre-feasibility studies to understand the technical challenges, economic feasibility and environmental considerations in relation to deploying these technologies in an Antigua & Barbuda context. Additionally energy conservation and efficiency improvements in supply and demand will be key strategies in achieving the overall objective lowing costs to consumers.
A range of policy instruments will be used to stimulate and support investments in new technologies and energy saving measures, including, inter alia, legislative, regulatory and financial incentives. Although APUA will continue to play a key role in the sector, where practicable market mechanisms will be used to achieve higher effectiveness, lower generation costs, lower costs to consumers and increased generation using indigenous energy resources, room is also left open for independent power producers to enter into the generation market as renewable micro-generators (capacity lower than 50kW) or large generators (to substitute generation from existent fossil fuel power plants and to help APUA in achieving its targets)
APUA is the state body institution responsible for the power generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity in Antigua and Barbuda.
In Antigua & Barbuda, the main energy consumption sectors are the Commercial, Domestic and Government/Public sector. In 2011, these three sectors accounted for 94% of electricity consumed on the country. Figure 2 illustrates consumption in Antigua & Barbuda in 2010 based on information obtained from the Energy Desk.
Figure 2: Electricity Consumption by Sector 2010
As Antigua & Barbuda continues to develop, energy demand and as a result, consumption, continues to grow as between 2007 and 2010 electricity consumption increased by approximately 16%. As
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such, decision makers have realised the increasing importance of drafting and implementing a Sustainable Energy Actin Plan to effectively reduce and manage current energy trends.
Transportation
The structure of the Antigua & Barbuda economy its heavy reliant on air travel for tourism purposes and has a high level of private vehicle penetration, that contributes to its relatively high energy intensity. Moreover, past Governments policy of shielding consumers from the full cost of fuel at the pumps, has only served to maintain inefficiencies in ground transportation. Recognizing the important role transportation plays in fulfilling the social and economic needs for access, this SEAP contemplated measures and actions within its purposed strategies to diversify the options available to consumers, while ensuring that they are efficient, safe, affordable and environmentally-friendly. Standards relating to fuel efficiency and emissions are to be established, as well as economic measures designed to support more sustainable transportation choices. Government will take a lead role by ensuring the application of efficient vehicles and cleaner fuels within its fleet.
The transportation sector in Antigua and Barbuda has not been spared by global fluctuations in the price of fuel as in 2011 the price of gasoline to the consumer increased by 24% between January and December, which is reflected by a dollar value of EC$2.89 or US$1.07.
Figure 3: Price of gasoline to the consumer 2011
Between 2005 and 2009, vehicles used for ground transportation increased from 23,930 to 30,525, reflecting an increase of approximately 28% over 5 years, with a large proportion of this increase being attributed to the importation of SUVs and large vehicles which are competitively priced, due to duty waivers and customs incentives, to cars and smaller vehicles.
As a result, the NEP focuses on how vehicles are utilized, improving the quality and attractiveness of public transportation and utilizing a combination of fiscal incentives to promote the use of the most efficient technologies. The mechanisms to be put in place to ensure the most efficient use of fuel, as it relates to consumption in the transportation sector, include:
• Utilization of vehicles with higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions, proven by periodic tests and emission standards
• Compulsory recycling of used oil
• Traffic routing systems and traffic patterns
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• More efficient and reliable public transport systems
• Support the importation of hybrid, flex-fuel or electric vehicles through waivers and financial incentives
• Moderate the use of large, popular vehicles such as SUVs through financial penalties and levies
• Utilization of regional bio-fuels
• Increased use of cleaner fossil fuels as liquid natural gas (LNG)
In addition to the changes in its own consumption patterns, the Ministry of Transport, once institutional capacity has been developed, in conjunction with other government institutions – recognizing that transportation is simply a means to access people and services - will develop and/or promote:
• New legislation for emissions;
• Regular checks of tire pressure levels to minimize tire rolling;
• Reduce the demand for travel while protecting social and economic needs for access;
• Improve access by identifying and removing the obstacles to more sustainable choices such as car pooling, walking and cycling; and
• Mandatory recycling of used fuel
2.3 Organisation and Financial Aspects
Responsible Agency (ies) and Stakeholders for the implementation of the SEAP
A reformulation of the institutional framework in place in Antigua & Barbuda is proposed in both NEP and in this plan. In this reformulation it is proposed to create:
• An Independent Regulatory Agency
• Sustainable Energy Unit (herein referred as Energy Unit); and
• Energy Advisory Panel (which would include key members of the public and private sector).
From these three agencies, the Energy Unit will be mainly responsible for the implementation and update of the NEP and for the implementation and monitoring of the SEAP, ensuring that the overall objectives of the energy sector reform are achieved in the shortest possible time. The following are the specific responsibilities of the Energy Unit as defined under the NEP:
I. Mandating and coordinating studies on energy resources, generation, transformation and marketing in close cooperation with the responsible operating agencies;
II. Fostering the development of appropriate legislation for the sectors electricity, transportation, petroleum and gas through a participatory and consultative process with focus on cheaper and more sustainable services;
III. Fostering the development and adoption of appropriate energy efficiency standards and programs;
IV. Promoting and monitoring power sector demand-side management programs and other programs designed to encourage the purchase and adoption of energy-efficient appliances by final energy users;
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V. Encouraging private sector participation in energy efficiency measures and technologies relevant to Antigua and Barbuda;
VI. Organizing energy awareness campaigns and capacity building events and disseminating appropriate information to private and public sector;
VII. Cooperating with national and regional NGOs or institutions active in the energy and environmental sector to increase the dialogue and organize dissemination of relevant information or capacity building programs.
The Independent Regulatory Agency will be an independent arbiter in all matters relating to the sale of electricity, with the following responsibilities:
I. Establishing rules, guidelines and standards which will allow for consistency, predictability and transparency in the regulation of electricity supply in Antigua & Barbuda;
II. Setting up electricity tariffs and conducting tariff reviews;
III. Cooperating with the Eastern Caribbean Energy Regulatory Authority (ECERA) in all matters related with setting up the electricity tariffs and in the incorporation of rules guidelines and standards necessary for the regulation of the electricity sector;
IV. Monitoring performances, developing and helping to implement technical standards for improving performances and tariff incentives if necessary;
V. Developing and monitoring data on the electricity sector;
VI. Developing a model market structure, licensing terms, and helping to implement fair and transparent rules regarding new investors in electricity generation, especially from renewable energy sources.
VII. Developing a framework for sustainable investment in the electricity system by: (i) reviewing and approving the investment plans of the utility, including allowing the utility to recover the prudently incurred costs of their investments in electricity rates; (ii) approving the procurement processes associated with carrying out these plans in order to ensure that the investments deliver the best value for the consumers, with a special emphasis on the procurement of renewable energy resources.
VIII. Facilitating the process of formulating and implementing (1) possible renewable energy (RE) targets, (2) utility obligations and procurement rules to purchase electricity from RE sources, (3) mechanisms to recover corresponding costs from consumers, and (4) standard contractual terms for private suppliers of electricity.
IX. Upon the request of the Government(s), providing expert advice and input to national policymaking. This could include involvement in consultations to help formulate energy policy goals for the country, responding to the needs for energy security, reliability of electricity supply and energy diversification and providing expert advice on the impacts of policies on consumer electricity prices.
X. Responsible for supporting Government’s policy on the supply of electricity for national sustainable development.
XI. Responsible for engaging and working with other agencies to promote, protect and enhance a sustainable environment.
The Energy Advisory Panel will be responsible for serving as a platform for industry players including inter alia, policy makers, regulator, generators, consultants and NGO’s to meet, discuss and make recommendations on current issues in the energy sector and advise the Government on improvements to the NEP and SEAP.
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Estimated Budget for SEAP Implementation
The estimated total budget for the SEAP finalisation and implementation (which does not include RE and EE equipment, installation and maintenance) is approximately EC"#$! %&''&()! *+,-./)!0+/&11.+)!2(''+/,!(3./!+!#456.+/!-&%.7!</=.')*!>>!60)5'7/-!,!20/,?7)@*!)8!.A/!/-.'&,./7!2B7C/.!6/0!60)6)-/7!-.0,./C:;
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3 SWOT ANALYSIS Energy is an essential component of development of the nations. A standard tool for strategic analysis commonly used that seeks to identify the main strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats for a given entity, that can range from a nation to a sector to an individual enterprise, is the SWOT analysis. In the analysis of the energy sector of Antigua and Barbuda, the strengths and weaknesses represent the internal assessment of the sector while the opportunities and threats represent the external environment of the sector.
This analysis, along with the Country Profile developed under this project, form the basis for the identification of the goal, objectives and the three strategies considered under this SEAP. The goals, objectives and strategies proposed in this document are mean to apply the strengths, address the weaknesses of the sector while capitalizing on the opportunities and mitigating the threats to the sustainable development of the sector.
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Figure 4: SWOT Analysis of the Energy Sector In
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Strengths • Existing sources of renewable energy • Commitment by the Government to adopt the
NEP • Existing Energy Policy (APUA’s Act) • Draft National Energy Policy (NEP) • Stakeholder support to move towards a more
carbon efficient energy sector • Commitment of the utility in incorporating
renewable energy in the electricity mix • Strong stakeholder involvement in the
development of the NEP • Biofuel power demonstration plant installed
and running
Weakness • Total dependency on imported fossil fuels
(petroleum products) • Lack of an independent regulatory agency and a
Ministry of Energy/Energy Unit • Lack of indigenous fossil fuel sources • High energy bill • High electricity cost and high electricity tariff • Old/aging electricity generation plants • Low efficiency of the electricity system • High electricity losses • High energy intensity • Lack of energy sector action plans and strategies • Inefficient energy use in production and
consumption throughout the economy • Low level of adaptation to new energy generation
technologies • Inefficient and inadequate public transport
system • Inefficient road network in rural areas • Inefficient movement of traffic and urban centres • Inefficient use of energy in public buildings, the
tourism and domestic sectors • Low awareness and technical capacity on energy
efficiency and renewable energy • Lack of energy efficiency standards & labelling • Lack of energy service providers • Lack of policies and mandated to enable the
introduction of biofuels and ethanol • Lack of emission standards
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Opportunities • Existence of affordable technologies to
exploit natural energy sources • Favourable relations with energy-rich
countries in the CARICOM, Caribbean Region and other regions
• International interest in energy investments in Antigua & Barbuda
• Ability to yield carbon finance through the Kyoto Protocol
• Potential for renewable energy development • Potential for energy conservation & efficiency • Renewable fuel technologies for motor
vehicles
Treats • Volatility of petroleum supply prices • Potential impact of natural hazards on the sector • Geo-political influences on international energy
supply and demand • Contribution of GHGs to climate change • Potential impact of emission and contaminations • Risk of natural hazards
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4 BASELINE AND BASELINE EMISSIONS
4.1 "#$%&'(%!#()!"#$%&'(%!*+%(#,'-!Electricity Sector Baseline: Generation and Consumption
Antigua & Barbuda is a country that relies almost exclusively on imported fossil fuels for electricity generation, transportation and cooking. This imposes a very bid financial burden for the country as all fuel consumed in the different sectors is imported into the island.
In terms of electricity generation, Antigua & Barbuda relies almost exclusively on fossil fuels (diesel and HFO). The electrical installed capacity is approximately 121MW and the production capacity is 105.5MW, according to information from the Energy Desk. In 2009, net generation in Antigua and Barbuda was of 326GWh, derived from fossil fuel generating plants.
Besides fossil fuel generation plants, since the end of 2009, there is a small photovoltaic grid-connected pilot project of 3kW installed in Antigua. This small renewable energy facility in the full year of 2010 supplied to the grid 4.8MWh of electricity.
Antigua & Barbuda is endowed with renewable energy resources, mostly wind and solar, and these renewable resources have not been exploited yet. Studies indicate 400MW and 27MW potential for wind and solar respectively. Nevertheless, studies need to be carried out to evaluate the useful extent of this technology as well as other resources such as biogas and waste to energy (WTE).
In terms of consumption (see Figure 5), from 2001 to 2010 total energy consumption increased by 45%. Between 2001 and 2006 energy consumption increased at an annual average rate of 3.2% and from 2007 until 2010 at an annual average rate of 5.6%. Between 2007 and 2010, electricity demand in Antigua & Barbuda, and consequently consumption increased by approximately 16%, from 200GWh in 2007 to 232GWh in 2010.
Figure 5: Electricity Consumption by Sector 2001-2010
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As it can be seen in Figure 5 the main electricity consumption sectors in 2010 were the Commercial (45%), Domestic (38%) and Government/Public sector (11%). From 2010 to 2011, the total consumption in the country in these three sectors increased 2%, from 94% in 2010 to 96% in 2011.
Electricity Sector BAU Scenario: Consumption & Production
Projections for Antigua & Barbuda’s electricity demand and production for the next 20 years were carried out by Nexant (Nexant, 2010). According to the referred report, the electricity demand in the country is expected to increase by 3.3% per year during the next 20 years1. This will lead to the double of the current demand which is now around 50% of what is expected to be in 2030. In terms of production the same report, projects that net electricity generation in the country is expected to increase annually 3.9%. Figure 6 illustrates the projected net generation forecasted versus the projected demand using the data of the Nexant report (covers the period between 2009 and 2028) extended to 2030 by ITP. According to these projections net energy generation is expected to increase by 117% from 2010 to 2030, compared with 2010 values.
This constitutes the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario for the electricity sector until 2030 and takes into account the historic demand and the programmes and policies in place in Antigua & Barbuda.
Figure 6: BAU – Projected Energy Generation vs Projected Energy Demand (GWh)
Thus to produce the projected energy, additional capacity (apart from the already commissioned power plant in 2011) will need to be installed (see Figure 7). As it can be seen in Figure 7, a total additional capacity of 20MW will need to be added to the country’s installed capacity to face peak load demand and so that the forecasted energy generated can be actually generated. The
1 ITP also made its own forecast for electricity demand (based on the energy consumption data from 2007 to 2010), which yielded similar results as the ones estimated by NEXANT – average growth rate estimated by ITP from 2010 to 2030 was of 2.9%.
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Sustain
able En
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Plan – A
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additional capacity will need to be installed before 2024. If the same path followed until now for installing additional capacity remains fossil fuel generators will be added to the system.
Figure 7: BAU – Capacity Installed vs Projected Necessary capacity (left axis) and Necessary Capacity Additions (right axis)
4.2 "#$%&'(%!./'$$'-(!0(1%(2-,3!#()!"#$%&'(%!./'$$'-(!*+%(#,'-!According to the Antigua & Barbuda 2nd Communication to the UNFCCC developed in 2009, in 2000, Antigua & Barbuda registered emissions of 371ktCO2. The main sectors responsible for these emissions were the energy industry and the transport sectors. The table below shows the summary of the CO2 emission in 2000.
Table 2: Carbon emissions registered in Antigua & Barbuda in 2000 (2009, UNFCCC)
Sector CO2 emission (ktCO2) %
Energy Industries 177 47.7%
Manufacturing Industries & Construction 0 -
Transport (Road) 182 49.1%
Commercial/Industrial 5.52 1.49%
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Sector CO2 emission (ktCO2) %
Residential Sector 7.36 1.98%
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing (mobile) 0 -
Total 371 100%
The following figure illustrated the carbon emissions from 1991 to 2009 according to the United Nations Statistics Division. As it can be seen carbon emissions in Antigua & Barbuda have been increasing. The biggest increase was registered from 2000 onward; a 3.3% annual increase was registered between 2000 and 2009.
Figure 8: Antigua & Barbuda Carbon Emissions (United Nations Statistics Division, 2012)
Carbon Emission BAU Scenario
If the same pattern of generation of carbon emissions is maintained, it is expected that between 2009 and 2030, carbon emissions will increase by more than 60% relatively to 2009 values (see Figure 9). The projected carbon emissions were estimated by ITP using the registered carbon emissions data from 2000 to 2009 from the United National Statistics Division (United Nations Statistics Division, 2012).
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Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
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Figure 9: BAU: Projected Carbon emission until 2030 (ITP estimates)
If the contribution from each sector of activity for carbon emission generation registered in the Antigua & Barbuda 2nd National Communication to the UNFCCC is maintained, the energy industries will be responsible in 2030 for the emission of 358tCO2 and the transport sector for 368tCO2. The other sectors in total will be responsible in 2030 for the emission of 24tCO2.
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5 .45.67.8!9:75:7*!;<9=!7>.!*.?5!The following table summarises the general expected outputs of the SEAP.
Table 3: Expected output of the SEAP
Goals Outcomes
Energy Cost Reduction
Implementation of least-cost solutions for the supply of energy, including source, conversion, distribution
Implementation of least-cost solutions to reduce energy demand and consumption
Reduction in emissions, effluents and leaks from the energy sector.
Increased awareness of and informed behaviour by large and small consumers on energy issues.
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Identification and development of indigenous non-renewable sources of energy
Application of emerging appropriate energy technologies
Diversified energy sources by type and locale
Electricity Reliability
Modernized, reliable and efficient energy infrastructure and services in productive sectors
Implementation of appropriate safe and reliable electricity distribution system
Environmental Protection
Internationally competitive industries and firms that apply eco-efficiency and contribute to the creation of a green economy
Internationally competitive industries and firms that apply eco-efficiency and contribute to the creation of a green economy
Increased awareness of and informed behaviour by large and small consumers on energy issues.
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Establishment of policy statements, enforceable laws, regulations and institutions that create equitable and transparent opportunities for all stakeholders in the energy sector
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
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6 *7<?7.@[email protected].<?E!6<9**F6:770D@!*7<?7.@A!
6.1 Objectives and Targets This cross-cutting strategy intends to address some of the institutional and regulatory barriers identified in Antigua & Barbuda, which are transversal to the proposed specific strategies (Strategy I to III) and necessary to ensure the successful implementation of the NEP and SEAP. Non-existent regulatory agencies and lack of specific attention to the energy sector (energy is a matter that is dealt under the Cabinet of the Prime Ministry by the Government and lack a dedicated specific institution) are among the issues addressed within this strategy.
6.2 Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders
The actions/measures identified within this strategy are necessary for the implementation of the three specific strategies (energy efficiency, renewable energy and education and awareness) or are applied to other energy sources which are not renewable. The lines of action defined in Strategy 0 include:
• The establishment and reformulation of the energy related institutional framework through the creation of an Independent Regulatory Agency, an Energy Unit and an Energy Advisory Panel;
• Finalise and adopt the NEP and SEAP and continuously seek revisions
• Analyse the possibility for diversification of energy sources apart from renewable sources of energy.
The following strategic map of policies and lines of actions indicate the proposed measures/actions for this strategy as well as identify the responsible agencies and stakeholders for its implementation.
AN
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Stra
tegi
c M
ap o
f Po
lici
es a
nd L
ine
of A
ctio
n fo
r th
e C
ross
-cut
ting
Str
ateg
y
Cros
s-Cu
ttin
g St
rate
gy
Line
of
Act
ion
Mea
sure
s an
d A
ctio
ns
Resp
onsi
ble
Age
ncie
s an
d St
akeh
olde
rs
01:
Refo
rmul
atio
n of
the
Ene
rgy
Rela
ted
Inst
itut
iona
l and
O
rgan
isat
iona
l Fr
amew
ork
01.1
Cre
ate
the
Ener
gy U
nit
01.1
.1
Dev
elop
a p
olic
y (l
aw)
crea
ting
the
Ene
rgy
Uni
t G
ov.
A&B
01.1
.2
Cre
ate
the
Ener
gy U
nit
and
lega
lly a
llow
it t
o de
al w
ith
all
mat
ters
rel
ated
w
ith
the
ener
gy s
ecto
r an
d to
be
resp
onsi
ble
for
polic
y, r
egul
atio
n an
d st
anda
rd f
orm
ulat
ion,
incl
udin
g up
dati
ng t
he N
EP a
nd S
EAP,
bet
wee
n ot
her
acti
viti
es.
Gov
. A&
B
01.1
.3
Man
date
the
Ene
rgy
Uni
t, b
y la
w,
to:
•
Coo
rdin
ate
stud
ies
on e
nerg
y re
sour
ces,
gen
erat
ion,
tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
and
mar
keti
ng in
clo
se c
oope
rati
on w
ith
the
resp
onsi
ble
oper
atin
g ag
enci
es;
• Fo
ster
the
dev
elop
men
t of
app
ropr
iate
leg
isla
tion
for
the
sec
tors
el
ectr
icit
y, t
rans
port
atio
n, p
etro
leum
and
gas
thr
ough
a p
arti
cipa
tory
and
co
nsul
tati
ve p
roce
ss w
ith
focu
s on
che
aper
and
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e se
rvic
es;
• Fo
ster
the
dev
elop
men
t an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y pr
ojec
ts
wit
h th
e as
sist
ance
of
resp
onsi
ble
oper
atin
g ag
enci
es e
.g.
Envi
ronm
ent
Div
isio
n •
Fost
er t
he d
evel
opm
ent
and
adop
tion
of
appr
opri
ate
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y pr
ogra
ms
and
mea
sure
s;
• Pr
omot
e an
d m
onit
or d
eman
d-si
de m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
ms
and
othe
r pr
ogra
ms
desi
gned
to
enco
urag
e th
e pu
rcha
se a
nd a
dopt
ion
of e
nerg
y-ef
fici
ent
appl
ianc
es b
y fi
nal
ener
gy u
sers
; •
Enco
urag
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
par
tici
pati
on in
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy m
easu
res
and
tech
nolo
gies
and
in r
enew
able
ene
rgy
proj
ect
deve
lopm
ent
rele
vant
to
Anti
gua
& B
arbu
da;
• O
rgan
ize
ener
gy a
war
enes
s ca
mpa
igns
and
cap
acit
y bu
ildin
g ev
ents
and
di
ssem
inat
e ap
prop
riat
e in
form
atio
n to
pri
vate
and
pub
lic s
ecto
r;
• M
onit
or t
he im
plem
enta
tion
of
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y an
d re
new
able
ene
rgy
proj
ects
Gov
. A&
B
01.1
.4
Revi
ew o
n an
on-
goin
g ba
sis
the
exis
ting
inst
itut
iona
l an
d or
gani
sati
onal
fr
amew
ork
for
perf
orm
ance
, st
reng
ths,
wea
knes
s, a
nd le
sson
s le
arnt
to
form
ulat
e an
d im
plem
ent
prog
ram
mes
of
lega
l re
form
s
Ener
gy U
nit
/ G
ov.
A&B
01.2
Cre
ate
the
Ener
gy A
dvis
ory
Pane
l
01.2
.1.
Cre
ate
an E
nerg
y Ad
viso
ry P
anel
com
pose
d of
indu
stry
pla
yers
(po
licy
mak
ers,
reg
ulat
or,
gene
rato
rs,
cons
ulta
nts
and
NG
Os)
to
mee
t, d
iscu
ss a
nd
mak
e re
com
men
dati
ons
and
advi
ce t
he E
nerg
y U
nit
on im
prov
emen
ts o
f th
e G
ov.
A&B
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
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d B
arbu
da17
Cros
s-Cu
ttin
g St
rate
gy
Line
of
Act
ion
Mea
sure
s an
d A
ctio
ns
Resp
onsi
ble
Age
ncie
s an
d St
akeh
olde
rs
NEP
and
SEA
P
01.3
Cre
ate
Inde
pend
ent
Regu
lato
ry A
genc
y
01.3
.1
Cre
ate
an In
depe
nden
t Re
gula
tory
Age
ncy
(Reg
ulat
or)
– in
depe
nden
t fr
om
the
Gov
ernm
ent
and
from
the
Uti
lity
Gov
. A&
B
01.3
.2
Empo
wer
the
reg
ulat
or w
ith
enfo
rcem
ent
pow
ers
to t
he im
prov
e ef
fici
ency
of
the
sys
tem
and
com
plia
nce
wit
h es
tabl
ishe
d be
nchm
arks
, pr
oced
ures
an
d st
anda
rds
Gov
. A&
B
02:
Fina
lise
and
adop
t N
EP a
nd S
EAP
02.1
Fin
alis
e an
d ad
opt
NEP
and
SEA
P
02.1
.1
Fina
lise
and
adop
t An
tigu
a &
Bar
buda
NEP
G
ov.
A&B
/ En
ergy
U
nit
/ En
ergy
Ad
viso
ry P
anel
02.1
.2
Fina
lise
and
appr
ove
Anti
gua
& B
arbu
da A
ctio
n Pl
an
Gov
. A&
B /
Ener
gy
Uni
t /
Ener
gy
Advi
sory
Pan
el
02.1
.3
Revi
se o
n an
on-
goin
g ba
sis
both
the
impl
emen
tati
on o
f th
e N
EP a
nd S
EAP
in A
ntig
ua &
Bar
buda
Ener
gy U
nit
/ En
ergy
Adv
isor
y Pa
ned
0.3:
Div
ersi
fica
tion
of
Ene
rgy
Sour
ces
03.1
: En
hanc
e th
e co
ntri
buti
on o
f th
e en
ergy
sec
tor
to
clim
ate
chan
ge
mit
igat
ion
and
adap
tati
on
03.1
.1
Anal
yse
the
poss
ibili
ty a
nd f
easi
bilit
y of
intr
oduc
ing
natu
ral
gas
(e.g
. Li
quef
ied
Nat
ural
Gas
- LN
G)
to r
epla
ce c
urre
nt h
eavy
fue
l oi
l fo
r el
ectr
icit
y ge
nera
tion
Envi
ronm
ent
Div
isio
n/ E
nerg
y U
nit
/ G
ov.
A&B
/ AP
UA
03.1
.2
Prom
ote
publ
ic a
nd p
riva
te p
artn
ersh
ips
betw
een
publ
ic a
nd p
riva
te t
o fi
nanc
e an
d de
velo
p en
ergy
div
ersi
fica
tion
pro
ject
s
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/
ABIA
/ A&
B G
ov.
03.2
: D
efin
e a
fuel
di
vers
ific
atio
n st
rate
gy f
or t
he
shor
t, m
ediu
m a
nd
long
ter
m a
nd
deve
lop
prio
riti
es
for
dive
rsif
icat
ion
03.2
.1
Dev
elop
pri
orit
ies
for
dive
rsif
icat
ion
(in
a ti
mel
y w
ay b
ased
on
cost
, ef
fici
ency
, en
viro
nmen
tal
cons
ider
atio
n an
d ap
prop
riat
e te
chno
logi
es)
En
ergy
Uni
t/ G
ov.
A&B
03.2
.2
Dev
elop
LN
G p
roje
cts
if f
easi
ble
En
ergy
Uni
t/ G
ov.
A&B
03.2
.3
Dev
elop
leg
isla
tive
fra
mew
ork
for
natu
ral
gas
if n
eces
sary
G
ov.
A&B
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6.5 Expected Outcomes from the proposed Lines of Action to be implemented and Indicators to measure implementation progress
The following table summarises the expected outcomes and indicators to measure these outcomes for each of the line of action proposed under Strategy 0. This will be a tool to be used in monitoring the implementation of the SEAP.
Table 4: expected outcomes from the proposed lines of action and indicators to measure the implementation progress
NEP Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
-Energy Cost Reduction
-Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
-Electricity Reliability
-Environmental Protection
- Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
01.1 Create the Energy Unit
• Energy unit created and running.
• Energy Advisory panel created and running.
• Contribution to the reduction and sustenance of overall energy intensity of the Antigua & Barbuda economy by at least 10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years.
• Number of highly trained
professionals in the EE/RE arena
• Review of the existing institutional and organisational framework
• Monitoring report on the implementation of RE projects and EE measures
• Overall energy intensity
01.2 Create the Energy Advisory Panel
01.3 Create Independent Regulatory Agency
• Independent Regulatory Agency created and running
• Improved efficiency of the system and compliance with established benchmarks, procedures and standards
• % of efficiency of the utility and grid = number of barrels of HFO required for electricity generation
• Overall energy intensity
02.1 Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP
• NEP and SEAP for Antigua & Barbuda published
• On-going revision of the NEP and SEAP
• NEP goals achieved
• Overall energy intensity • Diversification and Efficient:
• RE in the electricity supply mix (electricity supply mix at the following minimum levels: 2015-5%, 2020-10%, 2030-15%)
• Incorporation of other sources of energy
• Electricity Reliability: number of hours with blackouts
• Environment Protection • Stimulation of new business
opportunities: number of new business opportunities
03.1: Enhance the contribution of the energy sector to climate change mitigation and adaptation
• Fuel stock for the transportation and electricity generation sectors diversified
• GHG emissions reductions achieved
• Framework for natural
• % of GHG emissions reductions as compared to 2010.
• Number of PPPs • % Natural gas in the A&B energy
mix (if natural gas framework established)
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
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ua an
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March 2013
NEP Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
II3.2: Define a fuel diversification strategy for the short, medium and long term and develop priorities for diversification
gas established and implemented (if necessary)
6.6 Definition of Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Strategy
A methodology based on different criteria was developed to assess the implementation priorities and the timing of implementation of each line of action under each strategy. The methodology is summarised in Annex I.
Table 5 illustrate the results of the analysis carried out using the above referred methodology, and indicates the implementation priorities of each line of action for Strategy 0.
Table 5: Implementation priorities for Strategy 0
Cross-Cutting Strategy Policy/Line of Action Priority: High, Medium, Low (score)
01: Reformulation of the Energy Related Institutional and Organisational Framework
01.1 Create the Energy Unit High (36 points) 01.2 Create the Energy Advisory Panel High (34 points) 01.3 Create Independent Regulatory Agency High (34 points)
02: Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP 02.1 Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP High (45 points)
0.3: Diversification of Energy Sources
03.1: Enhance the contribution of the energy sector to climate change mitigation and adaptation
Medium (26 points)
03.2: Define a fuel diversification strategy for the short, medium and long term and develop priorities for diversification
Medium (30 points)
The indicative timing for the implementation of the lines of action defined under this strategy is shown in Figure 10.
AN
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Cros
s-Cu
ttin
g St
rate
gy
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n
Year
s
5 10
15
20
Shor
t M
ediu
m
Long
01:
Refo
rmul
atio
n of
the
En
ergy
Rel
ated
In
stit
utio
nal a
nd
Org
anis
atio
nal
Fram
ewor
k
01.1
Cre
ate
the
Ener
gy U
nit
D /
I
01.2
Cre
ate
the
Ener
gy A
dvis
ory
Pane
l D
/ I
01.3
Cre
ate
Inde
pend
ent
Regu
lato
ry A
genc
y D
/ I
02:
Fina
lise
and
adop
t N
EP a
nd S
EAP
02.1
Fin
alis
e an
d ad
opt
NEP
and
SEA
P in
itia
tive
s D
/ I
I I
0.3:
Div
ersi
fica
tion
of
Ener
gy S
ourc
es
03.1
: En
hanc
e th
e co
ntri
buti
on o
f th
e en
ergy
se
ctor
to
clim
ate
chan
ge m
itig
atio
n an
d ad
apta
tion
D
D
/I
I
03.2
: D
efin
e a
fuel
div
ersi
fica
tion
str
ateg
y fo
r th
e sh
ort,
med
ium
and
lon
g te
rm a
nd d
evel
op
prio
riti
es f
or d
iver
sifi
cati
on
D
D/I
I
Lege
nd:
D -
Dev
elop
men
t, I
- Im
plem
enta
tion
, C
- C
onti
nuat
ion
Figu
re 1
0: In
dica
tive
tim
ing
for
the
impl
emen
tati
on o
f th
e lin
es o
f ac
tion
def
ined
und
er S
trat
egy
0
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da21
March 2013
7 !"#$"%&'()*(%+%#&'(,-+!%#.$"/-+(0(%+%#&'(%11/,/%+,'((
7.1 Objectives and Targets Within this strategy Antigua & Barbuda intends to address:
• High energy intensity index;
• Low levels of energy efficiency in the electricity sector; • Low levels of energy efficiency in the energy consuming sectors, in particular the
commercial, public, residential, agro-industrial and transport sectors; • Low levels of energy efficiency from building designs, electrical installations and low levels
of energy efficiency of end use devices.
Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP states the following strategic objectives in terms of energy conservation & energy efficiency (energy cost reduction):
• Prepare and implement a systematic plan to reduce and sustain overall energy intensity of the Antigua & Barbuda economy by at least 10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years (in 2020);
• Revise building codes and support energy management programmes in order to reduce consumption at Government and public facilities, industrial plants and other large users by identifying effective measures to control and improve energy efficiency by 30% over 15 years (in 2025);
• Introduce legislation and appropriate economic incentives to fast track the mitigation of public and private fossil powered vehicles to low carbon technologies with the aim of improving efficiency in the transportation sector by 40% in 15 years (in 2025);
• Establish minimum energy efficiency standards for air conditioning, refrigeration and other appliances as well as differentiated tariff to incentivize efficiency;
• Antigua & Barbuda Government being one of the largest energy consumers will assume the lead position as driver of cost reduction initiatives by legislating and implementing cost reduction initiatives with a view to reducing its consumption and costs by 30% in 10 years (2020).
• Support energy efficiency choices through improved awareness, information and services that can deliver energy efficiency.
7.2 Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders
In order to meet the strategic objectives, specific Programmes, Actions and Measures are proposed to be implemented. The actions and measures proposed either focus on (a) specific sector(s), are cross-sectorial or directed at the creation of an enabling energy use in general:
• Map energy end-uses, elaborate and maintain end-use statistics and monitor energy end-uses in the various energy consuming sectors of the economy;
• Define and implement incentives and financing options for the efficient use of energy;
AN
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March 2013
• Define the role of APUA and other energy sector enterprises in the promotion of energy efficiency;
• Revise electricity tariffs to stimulate energy efficiency;
• Coordinate energy efficiency programmes, actions and measures with regional initiatives;
• Participate in international energy efficiency programmes and initiatives;
• Energy auditing and management: train and certify energy auditors and managers and implement energy auditing and management programmes in the public, commercial, industrial and transport sectors;
• Building codes: implement energy-related building codes for commercial, public and residential buildings;
• Energy efficiency standards & labelling: develop a comprehensive, medium- and long-term strategy for energy efficiency standards & labelling of energy-related products;
• Energy efficiency labelling: implement mandatory labelling for energy-related products, in particular household appliances;
• Energy efficiency standards: implement mandatory minimum energy efficiency standards for selected energy-related products;
• Implement a replacement programme for energy-using equipment, in particular household appliances;
• Efficient lighting: implement replacement programmes for inefficient lamps in the public, commercial and residential sectors, phase-out incandescent lamps;
• Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the electricity sector, focussing on the development of standards and the reduction of losses in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity;
• Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the public sector, focussing on government buildings, vehicles and the procurement of energy-efficient equipment;
• Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the residential sector, focussing on advisory services and awareness campaigns;
• Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the tourist sector, focussing on energy management and air conditioning systems, in combination with renewable energy;
• Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the agro-industrial sector, focussing on the sustainable use of biomass and cogeneration;
• Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the transport sector, focussing on information, training, import duties, tax incentives, proper vehicle maintenance and the promotion of alternative transport modes and fuels.
The following strategic map highlights the strategy, policy actions and measures to be applied under the energy efficiency development strategy as well as indicate the responsible institutions for its implementation.
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da23
Stra
tegi
c M
ap o
f Po
lici
es a
nd L
ine
of A
ctio
n fo
r th
e pr
omot
ion
of E
E
Stra
tegy
for
EE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n M
easu
res
and
Act
ions
Re
spon
sibl
e A
genc
ies
and
Stak
ehol
ders
I1:
Crea
te
appr
opri
ate
stru
ctur
es,
inst
rum
ents
and
to
ols
to e
nabl
e th
e de
velo
pmen
t an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y pr
ogra
mm
es a
nd
mea
sure
s
I1.1
: El
abor
ate
ener
gy e
nd-u
ses
stat
isti
cs a
nd
mon
itor
ing
tool
s
I1.1
.1.
Dev
elop
a
stud
y to
m
ap
ener
gy
end-
uses
in
th
e di
ffer
ent
ener
gy-
cons
umin
g se
ctor
s an
d to
def
ine
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y ba
selin
es
Ener
gy U
nit
/ A&
B G
ov.
I1.1
.2.
Elab
orat
e an
d m
aint
ain
ener
gy e
nd-u
se s
tati
stic
s (d
atab
ase)
En
ergy
Uni
t
I1.1
.3.
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t ap
prop
riat
e to
ols
to m
onit
or e
nerg
y en
d-us
es a
nd
the
effe
cts
of e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
pol
icie
s an
d pr
ogra
mm
es
Ener
gy U
nit
I1.2
: D
efin
e an
d im
plem
ent
ince
ntiv
es f
or t
he
effi
cien
t us
e of
en
ergy
I1.2
.1.
Dev
elop
a s
tudy
to
iden
tify
the
mos
t co
st-e
ffec
tive
fin
anci
al a
nd f
isca
l in
cent
ives
to
prom
ote
end-
use
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y in
the
var
ious
ene
rgy
cons
umin
g se
ctor
s, t
akin
g in
to c
onsi
dera
tion
sta
te b
udge
t co
nstr
aint
s,
the
avai
labi
lity
of p
ublic
and
pri
vate
fun
ds a
nd c
redi
t fa
cilit
ies.
Pos
sibl
e in
cent
ives
inc
lude
: su
bsid
ies
(gra
nts)
and
pre
fere
ntia
l lo
ans
to c
onsu
mer
s an
d en
ergy
ser
vice
pro
vide
rs,
tax
exem
ptio
ns f
or i
nves
tmen
ts i
n en
ergy
ef
fici
ency
and
red
uced
impo
rt d
utie
s fo
r en
ergy
eff
icie
nt e
quip
men
t.
Ener
gy U
nit
I1.2
.2.
Des
ign
and
impl
emen
t a
med
ium
and
lon
g-te
rm i
ncen
tive
sch
eme
to
prom
ote
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y in
A&
B
Ener
gy U
nit
/ A&
B G
ov.
I1.3
: D
efin
e th
e ro
le
of A
PUA
and
othe
r m
arke
t ac
tors
in
the
prom
otio
n of
en
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
I1.3
.1.
Dev
elop
a s
tudy
to
iden
tify
and
ana
lyse
the
pos
sibl
e ro
le o
f AP
UA
and
othe
r pu
blic
and
pri
vate
act
ors
in e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
and
dem
and-
side
m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
es.
Ener
gy U
nit
I1.3
.2.
Dev
elop
a s
tudy
to
iden
tify
and
ana
lyse
the
mar
ket
for
ener
gy s
ervi
ces
in
A&B
and
the
pote
ntia
l ro
le o
f en
ergy
ser
vice
com
pani
es (
ESC
Os)
, en
ergy
co
nsul
tant
s an
d ot
her
serv
ice
prov
ider
s. T
he s
tudy
sho
uld
incl
ude
an
asse
ssm
ent
of t
he t
echn
ical
, ec
onom
ic a
nd i
nsti
tuti
onal
fea
sibi
lity
of
vari
ous
busi
ness
m
odel
s,
like
ener
gy
perf
orm
ance
co
ntra
ctin
g an
d ad
viso
ry s
ervi
ces.
Ener
gy U
nit
I1.3
.3.
Dev
elop
a
stud
y to
id
enti
fy
fina
ncin
g op
tion
s fo
r en
ergy
ef
fici
ency
m
easu
res,
invo
lvin
g co
mm
erci
al b
anks
and
cre
dit
unio
ns.
En
ergy
Uni
t
I1.4
: Re
vise
el
ectr
icit
y ta
riff
s to
I1
.4.1
. Re
view
the
tar
iff
stru
ctur
e to
tak
e in
to a
ccou
nt i
ncen
tive
s fo
r en
ergy
co
nser
vati
on a
nd e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
En
ergy
Uni
t
AN
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Stra
tegy
for
EE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n M
easu
res
and
Act
ions
Re
spon
sibl
e A
genc
ies
and
Stak
ehol
ders
st
imul
ate
ener
gy
effi
cien
cy
I1.4
.2.
Intr
oduc
e pr
ogre
ssiv
e el
ectr
icit
y ta
riff
s to
enc
oura
ge e
nerg
y co
nser
vati
on
and
effi
cien
cy
Ener
gy U
nit
/ A&
B G
ov.
I.2:
Coo
rdin
ate
nati
onal
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy
prog
ram
mes
wit
h in
tern
atio
nal a
nd
regi
onal
init
iati
ves
I2.1
: C
oord
inat
e na
tion
al e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
pr
ogra
mm
es w
ith
inte
rnat
iona
l an
d re
gion
al in
itia
tive
s
I2.1
.1.
Part
icip
ate
in r
elev
ant
inte
rnat
iona
l in
itia
tive
s in
the
fie
ld o
f en
ergy
ef
fici
ency
(lik
e e.
g. t
he E
nlig
hten
Init
iati
ve o
f U
NEP
) En
ergy
Uni
t
I2.1
.2.
Coo
rdin
ate
nati
onal
pro
gram
mes
and
mea
sure
s in
the
fie
ld o
f Bu
ildin
g Pe
rfor
man
ce
(I3.
2.1)
an
d En
ergy
Ef
fici
ency
St
anda
rds
and
Labe
lling
(I
3.3.
1) w
ith
the
corr
espo
ndin
g re
gion
al p
rogr
amm
es o
n C
ARIC
OM
and
O
ECS
leve
l. E
nerg
y Ef
fici
ency
Sta
ndar
ds &
Lab
els
shou
ld b
e im
plem
ente
d on
a r
egio
nal
leve
l an
d pr
efer
ably
be
alig
ned
wit
h ex
isti
ng i
nter
nati
onal
sc
hem
es (
like
the
EU e
nerg
y la
bel
or U
S m
inim
um e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
st
anda
rds)
.
Ener
gy U
nit
I2.1
.3.
Dev
elop
a
stud
y to
id
enti
fy
and
anal
yse
how
A&
B ca
n ca
pita
lize
on
inte
rnat
iona
l fi
nanc
ing
faci
litie
s an
d bi
late
ral
fina
ncia
l so
urce
s in
the
fi
eld
of e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
.
Ener
gy U
nit
I.3:
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
hori
zont
al e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
m
easu
res
I3.1
: En
ergy
au
diti
ng a
nd
man
agem
ent
prog
ram
me
I3.1
.1.
Impl
emen
t en
ergy
aud
itin
g an
d m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
es i
n th
e pu
blic
, co
mm
erci
al,
indu
stri
al a
nd t
rans
port
sec
tors
En
ergy
Uni
t
I3.2
: Bu
ildin
g co
des
I3
.2.1
. D
evel
op a
nd e
nfor
ce b
uild
ing
code
s w
ith
rega
rd t
o en
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
for
all
new
con
stru
ctio
n in
A&
B (r
esid
enti
al,
com
mer
cial
and
pub
lic b
uild
ings
).
Build
ing
code
s sh
ould
be
de
velo
ped
taki
ng
into
co
nsid
erat
ion
both
in
tern
atio
nal
expe
rien
ce
and
loca
l cl
imat
ic
cond
itio
ns
and
shou
ld
be
pref
erab
ly h
arm
onis
ed w
ith
the
Regi
onal
Bui
ldin
g St
anda
rds
deve
lope
d by
CRO
SQ.
Ener
gy U
nit/
DC
A/
A&B
Bure
au o
f St
anda
rds
I3.3
: En
ergy
ef
fici
ency
sta
ndar
ds
and
labe
lling
I3.3
.1.
Dev
elop
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
, m
ediu
m-
and
long
-ter
m s
trat
egy
for
ener
gy
effi
cien
cy s
tand
ards
& l
abel
ling
(EE
S&L)
of
ener
gy-r
elat
ed p
rodu
cts.
The
st
rate
gy s
houl
d be
bas
ed o
n a
prio
riti
sati
on o
f pr
oduc
ts (
base
d on
mar
ket
stud
ies)
and
cos
t-be
nefi
t an
alys
es o
f al
tern
ativ
e an
d/or
com
plem
enta
ry
inst
rum
ents
, lik
e m
anda
tory
en
ergy
la
belli
ng
and
min
imum
en
ergy
pe
rfor
man
ce s
tand
ards
(M
EPS)
. Th
e na
tion
al E
E S&
L sc
hem
e sh
ould
be
harm
onis
ed o
n O
ECS
or C
ARIC
OM
lev
el a
nd a
ligne
d w
ith
exis
ting
sch
emes
(l
ike
the
EU
labe
lling
sc
hem
e an
d th
e EU
or
U
S m
inim
um
ener
gy
Ener
gy U
nit/
A&
B Bu
reau
of
Stan
dard
s
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da25
Stra
tegy
for
EE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n M
easu
res
and
Act
ions
Re
spon
sibl
e A
genc
ies
and
Stak
ehol
ders
pe
rfor
man
ce s
tand
ards
).
I3.3
.2.
Impl
emen
t m
anda
tory
en
ergy
la
belli
ng
for
ener
gy-r
elat
ed
prod
ucts
, in
pa
rtic
ular
hou
seho
ld a
pplia
nces
, la
mps
and
ele
ctri
c m
otor
s. M
anda
tory
la
belli
ng s
houl
d be
im
plem
ente
d w
ith
prio
rity
for
pro
duct
s w
ith
a hi
gh
shar
e in
na
tion
al
/ se
ctor
al
ener
gy
cons
umpt
ions
an
d hi
gh-e
nerg
y co
nser
vati
on p
oten
tial
s.
Ener
gy U
nit
/ A&
B G
ov.
I3.3
.3.
Impl
emen
t m
inim
um
ener
gy
effi
cien
cy
stan
dard
s (M
EPS)
fo
r se
lect
ed
prod
ucts
wit
h a
high
sha
re i
n na
tion
al /
sec
tora
l en
ergy
con
sum
ptio
n an
d hi
gh
ener
gy
cons
erva
tion
po
tent
ials
(e
.g.
refr
iger
atio
n an
d co
olin
g eq
uipm
ent)
I3.4
: Re
plac
emen
t of
ene
rgy
cons
umin
g eq
uipm
ent
I3.4
.1.
Des
ign
and
impl
emen
t an
re
plac
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
e fo
r en
ergy
us
ing
equi
pmen
t, i
n pa
rtic
ular
hou
seho
ld a
pplia
nces
, pr
ovid
ing
ince
ntiv
es t
o co
nsum
ers
and
safe
guar
ding
env
iron
men
tally
sou
nd d
ecom
mis
sion
ing
and
disp
osal
of
the
equi
pmen
t re
plac
ed.
Ener
gy U
nit
/ A&
B G
ov.
I3.5
: En
ergy
ef
fici
ent
light
ing
I3.5
.1.
Phas
e-ou
t in
cand
esce
nt l
amps
, us
ing
regu
lato
ry i
nstr
umen
ts (
proh
ibit
ion
to
put
on t
he m
arke
t or
min
imum
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy s
tand
ards
).
Ener
gy U
nit
/ A&
B G
ov.
I3.5
.2.
Prom
ote
CFL
an
d/or
LE
D-l
amps
, us
ing
info
rmat
ion
cam
paig
ns
and/
or
ince
ntiv
es t
o co
nsum
ers
in t
he r
esid
enti
al a
nd c
omm
erci
al s
ecto
rs.
Ener
gy U
nit
I4:
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
targ
eted
sec
tor
spec
ific
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy
prog
ram
mes
and
m
easu
res
I4.1
Ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy in
the
el
ectr
icit
y se
ctor
I4.1
.1.
Dev
elop
a s
tudy
to
iden
tify
ine
ffic
ienc
ies
and
loss
es i
n th
e ge
nera
tion
, tr
ansm
issi
on a
nd d
istr
ibut
ion
of e
lect
rici
ty (
tech
nica
l an
d no
n-te
chni
cal
loss
es).
Ener
gy U
nit
/ AP
UA
I4.1
.2.
Esta
blis
h m
inim
um
effi
cien
cy
stan
dard
s fo
r el
ectr
icit
y ge
nera
tion
, tr
ansm
issi
on a
nd d
istr
ibut
ion.
Gov
. A&
B/
Inde
pend
ent
Re
gula
tory
Age
ncy
I4.1
.3.
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t an
ele
ctri
city
los
s re
duct
ion
prog
ram
me.
G
ov.
A&B/
APU
A
I4.2
: En
ergy
ef
fici
ency
pr
ogra
mm
e in
the
pu
blic
sec
tor
I4.2
.1.
Dev
elop
an
d im
plem
ent
a pr
ogra
mm
e to
re
furb
ish
A&B
Gov
ernm
ent
build
ings
, in
clud
ing
mea
sure
s lik
e: e
nerg
y au
diti
ng a
nd m
anag
emen
t,
effi
cien
t lig
htin
g an
d ai
r co
ndit
ioni
ng,
impr
ovem
ent
of
build
ing
enve
lope
, in
com
bina
tion
wit
h th
e us
e of
ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y (e
.g.
for
wat
er h
eati
ng).
Ener
gy U
nit
/ A&
B G
ov.
I4.2
.2.
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
a pr
ogra
mm
e fo
r th
e m
anda
tory
pro
cure
men
t of
En
ergy
Uni
t /
A&B
AN
TIG
UA
AN
D B
AR
BU
DA
26
Stra
tegy
for
EE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n M
easu
res
and
Act
ions
Re
spon
sibl
e A
genc
ies
and
Stak
ehol
ders
en
ergy
eff
icie
nt a
nd e
nvir
onm
enta
lly f
rien
dly
equi
pmen
t an
d m
ater
ials
by
the
pub
lic s
ecto
r. E
nerg
y co
nsum
ing
prod
ucts
sho
uld
corr
espo
nd t
o th
e hi
ghes
t en
ergy
ef
fici
ency
cl
ass
defi
ned
in
ener
gy
labe
ls
and
to
inte
rnat
iona
lly r
ecog
nize
d en
dors
emen
t m
arks
(lik
e En
ergy
Sta
r®).
Gov
.
I4.2
.3.
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
a pr
ogra
mm
e fo
r im
prov
ed e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
of
Gov
ernm
ent-
owne
d ve
hicl
es,
incl
udin
g pr
oper
mai
nten
ance
, tr
aini
ng o
f dr
iver
s an
d th
e m
anda
tory
pur
chas
e of
fue
l-ef
fici
ent
vehi
cles
.
A&B
Gov
.
I4.3
: En
ergy
ef
fici
ency
pr
ogra
mm
e in
the
re
side
ntia
l se
ctor
I4.3
.1.
Prov
ide
advi
sory
ser
vice
s to
hom
eow
ners
and
ten
ants
wit
h re
gard
to
ener
gy
cons
erva
tion
an
d en
ergy
ef
fici
ency
op
tion
s in
ho
mes
. Th
e ad
viso
ry
serv
ices
sho
uld
be p
rovi
ded
by t
rain
ed a
nd c
erti
fied
ene
rgy
audi
tors
fro
m
the
priv
ate
or p
ublic
sec
tors
(in
clud
ing
the
ener
gy s
ecto
r) a
nd s
houl
d be
su
ppor
ted
by a
ppro
pria
te G
over
nmen
t in
cent
ives
.
Ener
gy U
nit
/ C
erti
fied
Ene
rgy
Audi
tors
I4.4
: En
ergy
ef
fici
ency
pr
ogra
mm
e in
the
to
uris
t se
ctor
I4.4
.1.
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
an e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
pro
gram
me
for
the
tour
ist
sect
or,
focu
ssin
g on
the
hot
el a
nd c
ater
ing
indu
stry
, in
clud
ing
mea
sure
s lik
e:
ener
gy
audi
ting
an
d m
anag
emen
t,
effi
cien
t lig
htin
g,
air
cond
itio
ning
and
wat
er h
eati
ng,
impr
ovem
ent
of b
uild
ing
enve
lope
, in
co
mbi
nati
on w
ith
the
use
of r
enew
able
ene
rgy
(e.g
. fo
r w
ater
hea
ting
) an
d th
e pr
omot
ion
of s
mal
l-sc
ale
coge
nera
tion
.
Tour
ism
Sec
tor
/ En
ergy
Uni
t
I4.4
.2.
Con
clud
e vo
lunt
ary
agre
emen
ts b
etw
een
the
A&B
Gov
ernm
ent
and
the
tour
ist
sect
or
rega
rdin
g th
e pu
rcha
se
of
ener
gy
effi
cien
t an
d en
viro
nmen
tally
fri
endl
y eq
uipm
ent
and
mat
eria
ls.
Tour
ism
Sec
tor
/ A&
B G
over
nmen
t
I4.4
.3.
Con
clud
e a
volu
ntar
y ag
reem
ent
betw
een
the
A&B
Gov
ernm
ent
and
the
tour
ist
sect
or
rega
rdin
g en
ergy
ef
fici
ency
ta
rget
s,
repo
rtin
g an
d m
onit
orin
g of
the
tar
gets
.
Tour
ism
Sec
tor
/ A&
B G
over
nmen
t/ E
nerg
y U
nit
I4.5
: En
ergy
ef
fici
ency
pr
ogra
mm
e in
the
ag
ro-i
ndus
tria
l
I.4.
5.1.
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
an e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
pro
gram
me
for
the
agro
-in
dust
rial
se
ctor
in
clud
ing
mea
sure
s lik
e:
ener
gy
audi
ting
an
d m
anag
emen
t,
effi
cien
t ho
rizo
ntal
an
d pr
oces
s te
chno
logi
es,
incl
udin
g th
e re
furb
ishm
ent
of in
dust
rial
pla
nts.
Agro
-ind
ustr
ial
sect
or
/ En
ergy
Uni
t
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da27
Stra
tegy
for
EE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n M
easu
res
and
Act
ions
Re
spon
sibl
e A
genc
ies
and
Stak
ehol
ders
se
ctor
2 I.
4.5.
2. D
evel
op a
stu
dy r
egar
ding
the
pot
enti
al o
f th
e us
e of
bio
mas
s (l
ike
eg.
suga
rcan
e ba
gass
e)
for
on-s
ite
com
bine
d he
at
and
pow
er
gene
rati
on
(cog
ener
atio
n) in
agr
o-in
dust
rial
ent
erpr
ises
.
Ener
gy U
nit
I.4.
5.3.
Fac
ilita
te o
n-si
te c
ombi
ned
heat
and
pow
er g
ener
atio
n an
d th
e su
pply
of
surp
lus
elec
tric
ity
to t
he p
ublic
gri
d by
app
ropr
iate
adj
ustm
ents
to
the
Publ
ic U
tilit
ies
Act.
Inde
pend
ent
Regu
lato
ry A
genc
y /
APU
A
I4.6
: En
ergy
ef
fici
ency
pr
ogra
mm
e in
the
tr
ansp
ort
sect
or
I.4.
6.1.
D
evel
op
an
ener
gy
effi
cien
cy
prog
ram
me
for
the
tran
spor
t se
ctor
, fo
cuss
ing
on p
ublic
tra
nspo
rt a
nd o
n pr
ivat
e ve
hicl
es,
incl
udin
g m
easu
res
like
trai
ning
, im
prov
ed m
aint
enan
ce,
fisc
al m
easu
res
and
impo
rt t
axes
.
Tran
spor
t Se
ctor
/
Ener
gy U
nit
I.4.
6.2.
Rev
iew
the
veh
icle
tax
sys
tem
in o
rder
to
disc
oura
ge o
wne
rshi
p an
d us
e of
la
rge,
ene
rgy
inte
nsiv
e ca
rs.
A&B
Gov
.
I.
4.6.
3. R
evie
w i
mpo
rt d
utie
s in
ord
er t
o di
scou
rage
the
im
port
s of
lar
ge,
ener
gy
inte
nsiv
e ca
rs a
nd t
o en
cour
age
the
impo
rts
of e
nerg
y ef
fici
ent
cars
. A&
B G
ov.
I.4.
6.4.
Dev
elop
a s
tudy
to
iden
tify
the
pot
enti
al b
enef
its
of e
nerg
y la
belli
ng a
nd
min
imum
fue
l ef
fici
ency
sta
ndar
ds o
f ca
rs in
A&
B.
A&B
Gov
./ A
&B
Bure
au o
f St
anda
rds
AN
TIG
UA
AN
D B
AR
BU
DA
28
March 2013
7.3 Expected Outcomes from the Lines of Action to be implemented and Indicators to measure implementation progress
The following table summarises the expected outcomes and indicators to measure these outcomes for each of the line of action proposed under Strategy I. This will be a tool to be used in monitoring the implementation of the SEAP.
Table 6: Expected outcomes from the proposed lines of action and indicators to measure the implementation progress
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
Energy Cost Reduction
I1.1: Elaborate energy end-uses statistics and monitoring tools
• Statistics on energy end-uses (database) developed and continuously updated
• End-use database available to decision makers and the public
Energy Cost Reduction
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
I1.2: Define and implement incentives for the efficient use of energy
• Study on financial and fiscal incentives for EE completed
• Medium and long-term incentive scheme to promote energy efficiency in A&B established and operational
• Increased importation of energy efficient equipment
• % of increase in the uptake of EE measures/appliances;
• Number of people/activities using the fiscal and financial incentive for EE;
• Number of energy efficient equipment imported
Electricity Reliability
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
I1.3: Define the role of APUA and other market actors in the promotion of energy efficiency
• Study on the role of APUA in terms of EE completed
• Study on the role of ESCOs in A&B completed
• Study on the financing options for EE completed
• Increased no. of ESCOs in the Renewable Energy businesses(?)
• Number and turnover of established energy service providers in A&B, associated energy savings
• Number of DSM interventions by APUA and energy savings realised
• Number of banks / credit institutes with financing options for EE
Energy Cost Reduction
I1.4: Revise electricity tariffs to stimulate energy efficiency
• Revision of the electricity tariff to incorporate EE
• Revised tariff structure
Energy Cost Reduction
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
I2.1: Coordinate national energy efficiency programmes with international and regional initiatives
• National EE programmes coordinated with international and regional initiatives
• Number of regional and international initiatives / programmes in which A&B has participated
Energy Cost Reduction
I3.1: Energy auditing and management
• Increased local capacity in the management and monitoring of EE
• Number of certified EE auditors
• Number of energy audits
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da29
March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
Electricity Reliability
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
programme • Energy audit standards implemented
• Increased number of certified energy auditors
performed • Energy savings reported
Energy Cost Reduction
-Environmental Protection
I3.2: Building codes
• Building codes revised to incorporate EE requirements
• Number of buildings licenced that comply with EE measures mandated by building codes
• Energy savings achieved
Energy Cost Reduction
Environmental Protection
I3.3: Energy efficiency standards and labelling
• EE standards and labelling systems implemented
• Minimum energy efficiency standards (MEPS) for selected products
• % of increase in the uptake of energy efficientappliances;
• Number of EE labelled products (types of products and compliance rates)
• Energy savings achieved
Energy Cost Reduction
Environmental Protection
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
I3.4: Replacement of energy consuming equipment
• Replacement programme established and operational
• % of increase in the uptake of EE measures/appliances;
• Number of replaced equipment’s through the replacement programme; increase in EE
• Energy savings achieved
Energy Cost Reduction
Environmental Protection
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
I3.5: Energy efficient lighting
• Incandescent lamps phased outand replace by CFls and LED lamps
• Number of non-efficient incandescent lamps replaced by CFLs and/or LED-Lamps
Energy Cost Reduction
Electricity Reliability
Environmental Protection
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
I4.1 Energy efficiency in the electricity sector
• Reduction of fuel demand of electricity generation plants in A&B
• Reduction of energy losses in electricity generation, transmission and distribution consumption on the electricity sector
• Minimum efficiency standards for electricity generation, transmission and distribution established
• Electricity loss reduction programme established
• Reduction of the overall
• Electricity savings achieved • Fuel savings barrel • % of loss reductions • overall energy intensity
AN
TIG
UA
AN
D B
AR
BU
DA
30
March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators energy intensity (at least 10% below 2010 baseline)
Energy Cost Reduction
I4.2: Energy efficiency programme in the public sector
• Reduction of energy consumption in the public sector
• Programme to refurbish existing A&B Government buildings
• Reduction of the consumption and costs in government buildings (30% below 2010 baseline)
• Programme for the mandatory procurement of energy efficient and environmentally friendly equipment and materials by the public sector implemented and operational
• Programme for improved energy efficiency of Government-owned vehicles implemented and operational
• Energy savings achieved in the public sector / Government buildings
• Number of EE devices imported
• Number of energy efficient Government-owned vehicles running
• Overall energy intensity
Energy Cost Reduction
I4.3: Energy efficiency programme in the residential sector
• Advisory services for homeowners and tenants established and running
• Reduction of energy consumption in the domestic sector
• Energy savings achieved in the residential sector
• Overall energy intensity
Energy Cost Reduction
I4.4: Energy efficiency programme in the tourist sector
• Energy efficiency programme for the tourist sector, focussing on the hotel and catering industry established and implemented
• Voluntary agreements between the A&B Government and the tourist sector regarding the purchase of energy efficient and environmentally friendly equipment and materials
• Energy savings achieved in the tourism sector
• Number of establishments (hotels etc.) participating in voluntary agreement between the Government and the Tourism sector
• Overall energy intensity
Energy Cost Reduction
I4.5: Energy efficiency programme in the agro-industrial
• Energy efficiency programme for the agro-industrial sector established and
• Number of CHP projects • Electricity supplied by CHP • Energy savings achieved in the
agro-industrial sector
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da31
March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators sector implemented
• Study regarding the potential of the use of biomass (like eg. sugarcane bagasse) for on-site combined heat and power generation (cogeneration) in agro-industrial enterprises developed and concluded.
• Generation of electricity from CHP
• Overall energy intensity
Energy Cost Reduction
I4.6: Energy efficiency programme in the transport sector
• Energy efficiency programme for the transport sector developed and implemented
• New vehicle tax system in force
• Import duties for cars revised and in force
• Study to identify the potential benefits of energy labelling and minimum fuel efficiency standards of cars in A&B developed
• Number of fuel efficient cars • Overall energy intensity
Note: The agro-industrial sector of A&B, in particular the sugar industry, appears to be declining. It therefore still needs to be verified how many (if any) process industries could be included in line of action I4.5 (light industry will be covered under line of action I3.1).
7.4 Implementation Priorities and Timing for Implementation of the Energy Efficiency Strategy
The implementation priorities of each line of action for Strategy I: Energy Efficiency is provided in Table 7 and the indicative timing for its implementation in Figure 11.
Table 7: Implementation priorities for Strategy I
Strategy for EE development Policy/Line of Action Priority: High, Medium, Low (score)
I.1: Create appropriate structures, instruments and tools to enable the development and implementation of energy efficiency programmes and measures
I1.1: Elaborate energy end-uses statistics and monitoring tools High (34 points)
I1.2: Define and implement incentives for the efficient use of energy High (34 points)
I1.3: Define the role of APUA and other market actors in the promotion of energy efficiency High (37 points)
I1.4: Revise electricity tariffs to stimulate energy efficiency Medium (31 points)
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March 2013
Strategy for EE development Policy/Line of Action Priority: High, Medium, Low (score)
I.2: Coordinate national energy efficiency programmes with international and regional initiatives
I2.1: Coordinate national energy efficiency programmes with international and regional initiatives
High (36 points)
I.3: Develop and implement horizontal energy efficiency measures
I3.1: Energy auditing and management programme High (35 points) I3.2: Building codes Medium (31 points) I3.3: Energy efficiency standards and labelling Medium (31 points)
I3.4: Replacement of energy consuming equipment Medium (33 points)
I3.5: Energy efficient lighting Medium (33 points)
I.4: Develop and implement targeted sector specific energy efficiency programmes and measures
I4.1: Energy efficiency programme in the electricity sector Medium (28 points)
I4.2: Energy efficiency programme in the public sector Medium (31 points)
I4.3: Energy efficiency programme in the residential sector Medium (30 points)
I4.4: Energy efficiency programme in the tourist sector Medium (32 points)
I4.5: Energy efficiency programme in the agro-industrial sector Medium (28 points)
I4.6: Energy efficiency programme in the transport sector Medium (28 points)
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
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da33
Stra
tegy
for
EE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n
Year
s
5 10
15
20
Shor
t M
ediu
m
Long
I1:
Crea
te a
ppro
pria
te
stru
ctur
es,
inst
rum
ents
an
d to
ols
to e
nabl
e th
e de
velo
pmen
t an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y pr
ogra
mm
es a
nd
mea
sure
s
I1.1
: El
abor
ate
ener
gy e
nd-u
ses
stat
isti
cs a
nd m
onit
orin
g to
ols
D
I C
I1.2
: D
efin
e an
d im
plem
ent
ince
ntiv
es f
or t
he e
ffic
ient
use
of
ener
gy
D
I C
I1.3
: D
efin
e th
e ro
le o
f AP
UA
and
othe
r m
arke
t ac
tors
in t
he
prom
otio
n of
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy
D
I1.4
: Re
vise
ele
ctri
city
tar
iffs
to
stim
ulat
e en
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
D
I
I2
: Co
ordi
nate
nat
iona
l en
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
prog
ram
mes
wit
h in
tern
atio
nal a
nd
regi
onal
init
iati
ves
I2.1
: C
oord
inat
e na
tion
al e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
pro
gram
mes
wit
h in
tern
atio
nal
and
regi
onal
init
iati
ves
I I
I
I3:
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
hori
zont
al
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y m
easu
res
I3.1
: En
ergy
aud
itin
g an
d m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
e D
/ I
I C
I3.2
: Bu
ildin
g co
des
D
I C
I3.3
: En
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
stan
dard
s an
d la
belli
ng
D
I C
I3.4
: Re
plac
emen
t of
ene
rgy
cons
umin
g eq
uipm
ent
D
I
I3.5
: En
ergy
eff
icie
nt l
ight
ing
D /
I I
C
I4:
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
targ
eted
se
ctor
spe
cifi
c en
ergy
ef
fici
ency
pro
gram
mes
an
d m
easu
res
I4.1
Ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy p
rogr
amm
e in
the
ele
ctri
city
sec
tor
D
/ I
C
I4.2
: En
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
prog
ram
me
in t
he p
ublic
sec
tor
D /
I I
C
I4.3
: En
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
prog
ram
me
in t
he r
esid
enti
al s
ecto
r
D /
I C
I4.4
: En
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
prog
ram
me
in t
he t
ouri
st s
ecto
r D
/ I
I C
I4.5
: En
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
prog
ram
me
in t
he a
gro-
indu
stri
al
sect
or
D
/ I
C
I4.6
: En
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
prog
ram
me
in t
he t
rans
port
sec
tor
D /
I C
Lege
nd:
D -
Dev
elop
men
t, I
- Im
plem
enta
tion
, C
– C
onti
nuat
ion
Figu
re 1
1: In
dica
tive
tim
ing
for
the
impl
emen
tati
on o
f St
rate
gy I
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Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
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March 2013
8 STRATEGY 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
8.1 Goal and Objectives Within this strategy Antigua & Barbuda intend to address:
• High dependency on imported petroleum (fossil fuels);
• Lack of know indigenous fossil fuel sources;
• High energy import bill
• High electricity costs
• Lack of detailed data for determining renewable energy projects
• Lack of renewable energy projects
• Inexistent independent regulatory agencies
Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP state the following strategic objectives in terms of diversification and efficient use of energy sources:
• Encourage the adoption of applicable renewable energy technologies and a market framework that encourages companies and individuals to invest in them
• The utility to include renewable energy in the electricity supply mix at the following minimum standards: 2015: 5%; 2020: 10% and 2030: 15%.
• Provide an enabling legal and regulatory framework for the deployment of RE technologies with particular emphasis on wind, solar and waste to energy.
8.2 Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be Implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders
The following strategic map highlights the strategy, policy actions and measurements to be applied under the renewable energy development strategy.
AN
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AN
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36
Stra
tegi
c M
ap o
f Po
licie
s an
d Li
ne o
f Ac
tion
for
the
pro
mot
ion
of R
E
Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f Ac
tion
M
easu
res
and
Acti
ons
Resp
onsi
ble
Agen
cies
and
St
akeh
olde
rs
II1:
Crea
te a
n en
ablin
g en
viro
nmen
t fo
r th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
re
new
able
ene
rgy
thro
ugh
priv
ate
sect
or p
arti
cipa
tion
II1.1
: Pr
ovid
e In
cent
ive
pack
age
to d
irec
tly
stim
ulat
e re
new
able
ene
rgy
depl
oym
ent
II1.1
.1.
Deve
lop
a st
udy
to a
naly
se a
nd id
enti
fy t
he m
ain
fina
ncia
l and
non
-fi
nanc
ial i
nstr
umen
ts f
or s
tim
ulat
ing
RE d
eplo
ymen
t (f
or e
xam
ple:
quo
ta
syst
em o
r fe
ed-i
n ta
riff
). W
ith
the
resu
lts
of t
his
stud
y de
velo
p an
d in
trod
uce
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
and
tra
nspa
rent
pac
kage
of
ince
ntiv
es f
or t
he
depl
oym
ent
and
use
of r
enew
able
ene
rgy-
Thi
s pa
ckag
e sh
ould
incl
ude
the
opti
ons
of m
anda
te q
uota
sys
tem
s or
fee
d-in
-tar
iff
(m
ost
viab
le o
ptio
n fo
r A&
B as
dec
ided
per
the
stu
dy)
as w
ell a
s ot
her
fina
ncia
l and
non
-fin
anci
al
inst
rum
ents
iden
tifi
ed.
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/
ABIA
/Ene
rgy
Uni
t/
Gov
. A&
B
II1.1
.2.
Deve
lop
a st
udy
to id
enti
fy in
nova
tive
app
roac
hes
for
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
su
stai
nabl
e st
ruct
ures
and
fin
anci
al m
echa
nism
for
RE
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/
ABIA
/Ene
rgy
Uni
t
II1.1
.3.
Deve
lop
a st
udy
to id
enti
fy a
nd a
naly
se h
ow A
ntig
ua &
Bar
buda
can
ca
pita
lize
on in
tern
atio
nal f
inan
cing
fac
iliti
es a
nd b
ilate
ral f
inan
cial
so
urce
s
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/
ABIA
II1.1
.4.
Faci
litat
e so
urci
ng o
f lo
w c
ost
deve
lopm
ent
fund
s fo
r pr
oduc
tive
en
terp
rise
s fo
r en
ergy
tec
hnol
ogy
proj
ects
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/
ABIA
/ A&
B G
ov.
II1.1
.5.
Prov
ide
appr
opri
ate
ince
ntiv
es f
or t
he in
stal
lati
on o
f so
lar
wat
er h
eate
rs a
t th
e re
side
ntia
l and
tou
rism
sec
tors
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/
ABIA
/ A&
B G
ov.
II1.2
: O
pen
the
mar
ket
for
priv
ate
gene
rati
on o
f RE
S el
ectr
icit
y
II1.2
.1.
Revi
ew t
he e
xist
ing
licen
cing
pol
icy
and
defi
ne a
cle
ar,
tran
spar
ent
and
sim
plif
ied
proc
ess
for
requ
esti
ng/a
ppro
ving
lice
nces
for
RE
faci
litie
s (i
nclu
ding
dis
trib
uted
gen
erat
ion)
Ener
gy U
nit,
ECE
RA,
Min
istr
y of
Pub
lic
Uti
litie
s, A
PUA
II1.2
.2.
Man
date
the
Uti
lity
to a
ccep
t al
l RES
pro
duce
d fr
om li
cenc
ed IP
Ps t
hrou
gh
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
‘st
anda
rd’
PPAs
In
depe
nden
t
Regu
lato
ry A
genc
y
II1.3
: Pr
ovid
e in
cent
ive
pack
age
II1.3
.1.
Intr
oduc
e an
ince
ntiv
e pa
ckag
e to
pro
mot
e th
e ut
ilisa
tion
of
hybr
id
vehi
cles
and
fue
l-ef
fici
ent
vehi
cles
wit
h lo
wer
em
issi
ons
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da37
Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f Ac
tion
M
easu
res
and
Acti
ons
Resp
onsi
ble
Agen
cies
and
St
akeh
olde
rs
for
utili
sati
on o
f cl
eane
r te
chno
logi
es in
the
tr
ansp
ort
sect
or
Min
istr
y of
Tr
ansp
ort/
A&
B Tr
ansp
ort
Boar
d
II1.3
.2.
Prov
ide
ince
ntiv
es f
or t
he u
tilis
atio
n of
reg
iona
l bio
-fue
ls
Gov
. A&
B
II.2:
Inte
grat
ion
of
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y in
the
gri
d
II2.1
: An
alys
is o
f th
e im
pact
s of
in
tegr
atio
n of
re
new
able
ene
rgy
in t
he g
rid
II2.1
.2:
Stud
y on
the
impa
ct o
f in
corp
orat
ion
of R
ES in
the
gri
d (g
rid
stab
ility
) AP
UA,
Min
istr
y of
Pu
blic
Uti
litie
s
II.3:
Dev
elop
ap
prop
riat
e re
new
able
ene
rgy
sour
ces
II3.1
: St
reng
then
ec
onom
ic a
nd
scie
ntif
ic d
ata
thro
ugh
reso
urce
as
sess
men
ts o
n th
e co
untr
y’s
ener
gy
reso
urce
pot
enti
al
(nam
ely
win
d, s
olar
an
d w
aste
to
ener
gy (
WTE
))
II3.1
.1.
Carr
y ou
t re
sour
ce a
sses
smen
ts a
nd f
easi
bilit
y st
udie
s on
the
pot
enti
als
of
tech
nolo
gies
to
gene
rate
ene
rgy
from
ren
ewab
le s
ourc
es.
This
incl
udes
, bu
t w
ill n
ot b
e lim
ited
to:
•
Win
d Po
wer
; •
Sola
r Po
wer
•
Biom
ass
and
WTE
Th
ese
asse
ssm
ents
sho
uld
be r
epea
ted
ever
y 5
to 7
yea
rs
Ener
gy U
nit/
APU
A/
II3.1
.2.
Deve
lop
an in
vent
ory
of a
ll po
tent
ial r
enew
able
ene
rgy
reso
urce
s ra
nked
by
its
cost
and
ful
l eco
nom
ical
impa
ct
Ener
gy U
nit
II3.1
.3.
Iden
tify
loca
l sit
es f
or t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of r
enew
able
ene
rgy
(are
as w
ith
high
ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y po
tent
ial)
and
res
erve
the
se f
or s
peci
fic
deve
lopm
ent
– Re
new
able
Ene
rgy
Deve
lopm
ent
Area
s En
ergy
Uni
t /
DCA
II3.1
.4.
Deve
lop
crit
eria
for
pro
ject
sel
ecti
on t
hat
are
alig
ned
wit
h G
over
nmen
t go
als
and
obje
ctiv
es
Ener
gy U
nit
/ G
ov.
A&B
II3.1
.5.
Iden
tify
and
dev
elop
ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y de
mon
stra
tion
pro
ject
s En
ergy
Uni
t
II3.1
.6.
Anal
ysis
of
regi
onal
Inte
r-Is
land
con
nect
ions
and
the
pot
enti
al u
tilis
atio
n of
na
tura
l res
ourc
es a
bund
ant
in n
eigh
bour
ing
coun
trie
s
Ener
gy U
nit
/ EC
ERA
II3.2
: De
velo
p re
new
able
ene
rgy
dive
rsif
icat
ion
prio
riti
es (
base
d on
II3.2
.1.
Prio
riti
ze r
enew
able
ene
rgy
sour
ces
by e
cono
mic
fea
sibi
lity
crit
eria
, en
viro
nmen
tal c
onsi
dera
tion
s in
clud
ing
carb
on a
bate
men
t
Ener
gy U
nit/
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
and
the
Ec
onom
y/
Envi
ronm
ent
Divi
sion
AN
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38
Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f Ac
tion
M
easu
res
and
Acti
ons
Resp
onsi
ble
Agen
cies
and
St
akeh
olde
rs
cost
, ef
fici
ency
, en
viro
nmen
tal
cons
ider
atio
ns)
II3.2
.2.
Intr
oduc
e in
cent
ives
and
a p
lan
of a
ctio
n to
fos
ter
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y (w
ind,
so
lar,
WTE
and
oth
er r
enew
able
tec
hnol
ogie
s)
Ener
gy U
nit/
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
and
the
Ec
onom
y/
Envi
ronm
ent
Divi
sion
/ Na
tion
al
Solid
Was
te
Man
agem
ent
Auth
orit
y
II3.2
.3.
Deve
lop
sola
r po
wer
pro
ject
s (P
V gr
id-t
ied
and
dist
ribu
ted,
sol
ar t
herm
al
conc
entr
ator
s, P
V hy
brid
and
sta
nd-a
lone
sys
tem
s fo
r ho
meo
wne
rs a
nd
smal
l bus
ines
s)
Ener
gy U
nit
II3.2
.4.
Prom
ote
the
prod
ucti
on o
f bi
ofue
l and
mak
e th
e ne
cess
ary
stud
ies
to
anal
yse
the
nati
onal
/reg
iona
l sup
ply
of f
eed
stoc
k fo
r ex
pans
ion
of t
he
alre
ady
exis
tent
uni
t
Ener
gy U
nit/
En
viro
nmen
tal
Divi
sion
II3.2
.5.
Man
date
tha
t al
l new
hot
wat
er in
stal
lati
ons
in p
ublic
bui
ldin
gs s
houl
d be
so
lar
base
d G
ov.
A&B
/ DC
A
II3.2
.6.
Stud
y th
e po
ssib
ility
of
impl
emen
ting
equ
ipm
ent
for
usin
g m
etha
ne (
bio-
gas)
pro
duce
d fr
om t
he la
ndfi
ll an
d w
aste
wat
er t
reat
men
t pl
ants
Nati
onal
Sol
id W
aste
M
anag
emen
t Au
thor
ity
II3.2
.7.
Enco
urag
e th
e pr
oduc
tion
of
biog
as f
rom
pub
lic s
ewag
e sy
stem
s Na
tion
al S
olid
Was
te
Man
agem
ent
Auth
orit
y
II3.2
.8.
Prom
ote
the
effi
cien
t co
nver
sion
of
WTE
fro
m s
olid
was
te d
ispo
sal s
ites
Na
tion
al S
olid
Was
te
Man
agem
ent
Auth
orit
y
II3.3
: Pr
omot
e th
e us
e of
sm
all
rene
wab
le
gene
rati
on t
hrou
gh
the
prod
ucti
on o
f a
fast
tra
ck a
ppro
val
proc
ess
and
by
II3.3
.1.
Deve
lop
proc
edur
es a
nd a
pac
kage
of
ince
ntiv
es t
o en
sure
tha
t re
new
able
en
ergy
pla
nts
wit
h ca
paci
ty lo
wer
tha
n 15
MW
can
be
built
on
a si
mpl
ifie
d pr
oced
ure
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/
DCA/
Min
istr
y of
Pu
blic
Uti
litie
s/ A
&B
Bure
au o
f St
anda
rds
II3.3
.2.
Supp
ort
rese
arch
in r
enew
able
ene
rgy
and
prov
ide
fina
ncin
g fo
r pi
lot
Ener
gy U
nit
/ G
ov.
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da39
Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f Ac
tion
M
easu
res
and
Acti
ons
Resp
onsi
ble
Agen
cies
and
St
akeh
olde
rs
stre
amlin
ing
the
proc
edur
es a
nd
stan
dard
s
dem
onst
rati
on p
roje
cts
A&B
II4:
Dive
rsif
icat
ion
of E
nerg
y So
urce
s
II4.1
: Pr
omot
e in
corp
orat
ion
of
biod
iese
l
II4.1
.1.
Prom
ote
biod
iese
l and
eth
anol
sub
stit
utio
n in
tra
nspo
rt s
ecto
r En
ergy
Uni
t/ M
inis
try
of T
rans
port
/WIO
C
II4.1
.2.
Man
date
Wes
t In
dies
Oil
to a
ccep
t an
d st
art
supp
lyin
g bi
odie
sel
Gov
. A&
B
II4.2
: Di
vers
ify
ener
gy s
ourc
es b
y ty
pe a
nd
geog
raph
ical
lo
cati
on
II4.2
.1.
Esta
blis
h an
d us
e ap
prop
riat
e pr
ocur
emen
t gu
idel
ines
to
secu
re b
est
term
s an
d co
ndit
ions
for
long
-ter
m c
ontr
acts
for
ene
rgy
supp
ly
Ener
gy U
nit/
In
depe
nden
t Re
gula
tory
Age
ncy
II4.2
.2.
Cont
inuo
usly
mon
itor
and
rev
ise
exis
ting
reg
ulat
ions
to
mak
e pr
ovis
ions
th
at e
nsur
e th
at a
dequ
ate
inve
ntor
y le
vels
to
cush
ion
any
shor
t-te
rm
disr
upti
on in
sup
ply
Ener
gy U
nit/
In
depe
nden
t Re
gula
tory
Age
ncy/
AP
UA
II4.3
: En
gage
in
mul
tila
tera
l/re
gion
al a
/ bi
late
ral
part
ners
hips
and
co
oper
ativ
e ag
reem
ents
tha
t co
ntri
bute
to
Anti
gua
& B
arbu
da
ener
gy g
oals
and
ob
ject
ives
II4.3
.1.
Alig
n th
e NE
P w
ith
fore
ign
polic
y En
ergy
Uni
t
II4.3
.2.
Ensu
re t
hat
fund
s re
tain
ed u
nder
reg
iona
l and
inte
rnat
iona
l acc
ords
and
pr
ogra
mm
es a
re u
sed
to m
eet
the
goal
s an
d ob
ject
ives
of
the
acco
rds
and
prog
ram
mes
En
ergy
Uni
t
II4.3
.3.
Iden
tify
mul
tila
tera
l/re
gion
al/b
ilate
ral p
artn
ersh
ips
and
coop
erat
ive
agre
emen
ts a
nd c
ompi
le a
reg
iste
r of
tho
se
Ener
gy U
nit
II4.3
.4.
Cont
inuo
usly
iden
tify
mul
tila
tera
l/re
gion
al/b
ilate
ral p
artn
ersh
ip a
nd
poss
ible
coo
pera
tive
agr
eem
ents
tha
t ca
n be
est
ablis
hed
and
upda
te t
he
regi
stry
En
ergy
Uni
t
II4.3
.5.
Rese
arch
and
rev
iew
rel
evan
t pu
blic
atio
ns o
n en
ergy
app
licat
ions
and
be
nchm
ark
agai
nst
exis
ting
tec
hnol
ogie
s En
ergy
Uni
t
II5:
Appl
icat
ion
of
emer
ging
te
chno
logi
es
II5.1
: U
nder
take
re
view
of
new
em
ergi
ng
tech
nolo
gies
II5.1
.1.
Deve
lop
and
prep
are
(bi-
annu
al)
repo
rts
on n
ew a
nd e
mer
ging
tec
hnol
ogie
s En
ergy
Uni
t
II6:
Esta
blis
h po
licy,
en
forc
e la
ws,
II6
.1:
Deve
lop
tran
spar
ent
and
II6.1
.1.
Stud
y th
e ne
cess
ity
and
deve
lop
and
prom
ulga
te a
pol
icy
for
Carb
on
Emis
sion
Tra
ding
En
viro
nmen
tal
Divi
sion
Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n M
easu
res
and
Act
ions
Re
spon
sibl
e A
genc
ies
and
Stak
ehol
ders
re
gula
tion
s an
d in
stit
utio
ns t
hat
crea
te e
quit
able
an
d tr
ansp
aren
t op
port
unit
ies
for
all
stak
ehol
ders
in t
he
ener
gy s
ecto
r
com
preh
ensi
ve
polic
y fr
amew
ork
for
the
elec
tric
ity
sect
or a
nd o
r am
end
exis
ting
le
gisl
atio
n
II6.1
.2.
Dev
elop
a n
ew P
ower
Sec
tor
Polic
y an
d St
rate
gy s
o th
at:
• H
ighl
ight
s ho
w t
he u
tilit
y w
ill a
chie
ve t
he R
E ta
rget
s in
the
ele
ctri
city
su
pply
mix
(it
sho
uld
clea
rly
high
light
the
rol
e on
IPPs
in t
he
achi
evem
ent
of it
s ta
rget
s)
• Id
enti
fy t
he p
roce
ss f
or IP
Ps t
o re
ques
t lic
ence
s to
the
Uti
lity
for
grid
co
nnec
tion
•
It s
how
s th
at it
is o
blig
ed t
o ac
cept
all
elec
tric
ity
gene
rate
d fr
om
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y so
urce
s
Gov
. A&
B/AP
UA/
In
depe
nden
t Re
gula
tory
Age
ncy
II6.1
.3.
Revi
ew L
and
Plan
ning
Pol
icy
to in
clud
e re
serv
ed a
reas
for
the
dev
elop
men
t of
ren
ewab
le e
nerg
ies
(Ren
ewab
le E
nerg
y D
evel
opm
ent
Area
s –
RED
A)
DC
A /
Gov
. A&
B
II6.1
.4.
Revi
ew t
he c
urre
nt N
atio
nal
Solid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t to
: •
allo
w f
or r
ecyc
ling
deve
lopm
ent
and
elec
tric
ity
gene
rati
on f
rom
sol
id
was
te r
esid
ues
(WTE
) an
d m
etha
ne;
• to
incl
ude
puni
tive
mea
sure
s to
red
uce
illeg
al d
umpi
ng a
nd l
itte
r
Nat
iona
l So
lid W
aste
M
anag
emen
t Au
thor
ity
/ G
ov.
A&B
II6.1
.5.
Revi
ew r
elat
ed p
olic
ies
for
othe
r se
ctor
s in
clud
ing
tran
spor
t an
d to
uris
m
and
mak
e re
com
men
dati
ons
to h
arm
onis
e w
ith
the
ener
gy p
olic
y
Min
istr
y of
Tr
ansp
ort/
Min
istr
y of
Tou
rism
/ G
ov.
A&B
II6.1
.6.
Dev
elop
and
ope
rate
mon
itor
ing
and
eval
uati
on o
f en
ergy
pol
icy
impl
emen
tati
on
Ener
gy U
nit
II6.1
.7.
Con
duct
per
iodi
c po
licy
revi
ews
and
use
the
find
ings
to
upda
te,
refi
ne a
nd
deve
lop
new
pol
icy
init
iati
ves
Ener
gy U
nit
/ G
ov.
A&B
II6.1
.8.
Esta
blis
h re
quir
emen
ts f
or n
ew e
lect
rici
ty g
ener
atin
g pl
ans
(ove
r a
min
imum
sca
le o
f 1M
W)
to b
e ap
prov
ed b
y a
regu
lato
r
Ener
gy U
nit
/ In
depe
nden
t Re
gula
tory
Age
ncy
II6.1
.9.
Con
duct
net
met
erin
g an
d ta
riff
rev
iew
s an
d in
trod
uce
appr
opri
ate
mec
hani
sms
for
net
met
erin
g an
d st
anda
rds
to e
ncou
rage
the
dev
elop
men
t of
ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y
Inde
pend
ent
Regu
lato
ry A
genc
y /
ECER
A
II6.1
.10.
Rev
iew
the
tar
iff
stru
ctur
e to
tak
e in
to a
ccou
nt t
he im
pact
of
the
inco
rpor
atio
n of
RES
Inde
pend
ent
Regu
lato
ry A
genc
y /
ECER
A
AN
TIG
UA
AN
D B
AR
BU
DA
40
Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n M
easu
res
and
Act
ions
Re
spon
sibl
e A
genc
ies
and
Stak
ehol
ders
II6.2
: Pr
omot
e a
mar
ket
base
d ap
proa
ch a
nd
incr
ease
co
mpe
titi
on in
the
se
ctor
II6.2
.1.
Coo
pera
te w
ith
East
Car
ibbe
an E
nerg
y Re
gula
tory
Aut
hori
ty)
in s
etti
ng u
p th
e ne
w t
arif
f st
ruct
ure
Inde
pend
ent
Regu
lato
ry A
genc
y /
ECER
A
II6.2
.2.
Ana
lyse
and
rat
iona
lise
the
num
ber
of e
xist
ing
Acts
gov
erni
ng t
he
sust
aina
ble
deve
lopm
ent
of t
he c
ount
ry
Gov
. A&
B /
Ener
gy
Uni
t
II6.3
: Am
end
exis
ting
leg
isla
tion
an
d re
gula
tion
s or
pr
omul
gate
new
on
es w
here
ne
cess
ary
to e
nsur
e re
spon
sibl
e m
arke
t be
havi
our
II6.3
.1.
Revi
ew o
n an
on-
goin
g ba
sis
the
exis
ting
leg
al f
ram
ewor
k fo
r pe
rfor
man
ce,
stre
ngth
s, w
eakn
ess,
and
les
sons
lea
rnt
to f
orm
ulat
e an
d im
plem
ent
prog
ram
mes
of
lega
l re
form
s En
ergy
Uni
t
II6.4
: D
evel
op a
nd
impl
emen
t a
com
preh
ensi
ve
regu
lato
ry
fram
ewor
k fo
r th
e en
ergy
sec
tor
II6.4
.1.
Dev
elop
the
nec
essa
ry f
ram
ewor
k fo
r th
e in
trod
ucti
on o
f di
vers
ific
atio
n fu
els
Ener
gy U
nit
/ En
ergy
Ad
viso
ry P
anel
/ G
ov.
A&B
II6.4
.2.
Mon
itor
and
reg
ulat
e pr
ocur
emen
t an
d pr
icin
g of
ene
rgy
prod
ucts
En
ergy
Uni
t /
Inde
pend
ent
Regu
lato
ry A
genc
y
II6.4
.3.
Con
duct
reg
ulat
ory
impa
ct a
sses
smen
t of
rel
evan
t ex
isti
ng l
egis
lati
on
Ener
gy U
nit
II6.4
.4.
Con
duct
reg
ulat
ory
impa
ct a
sses
smen
t of
pro
pose
d re
gula
tion
s En
ergy
Uni
t
II6.5
: C
onti
nuou
sly
revi
ew t
he e
xist
ing
inte
rnal
reg
ulat
ory
fram
ewor
k fo
r pe
rfor
man
ce,
stre
ngth
s,
wea
knes
ses
and
less
ons
lear
nt w
hile
re
cogn
isin
g th
e im
plic
atio
ns o
f
II6.5
.1.
Ensu
re t
hat
the
impl
emen
ted
inte
rnal
reg
ulat
ory
fram
ewor
k co
nfor
ms
wit
h re
quir
emen
ts o
f in
tern
atio
nal
agre
emen
ts a
nd p
roto
cols
(su
ch a
s th
e U
NFC
CC
, Ky
oto
prot
ocol
and
oth
er b
ilate
ral
and
inte
rnat
iona
l ag
reem
ents
)
Envi
ronm
enta
l D
ivis
ion
II6.5
.2.
Adop
t an
d ad
apt
rele
vant
agr
eed
inte
rnat
iona
l be
st p
ract
ices
in r
egul
atio
ns
Gov
. A&
B
II6.5
.3.
Dev
elop
inst
itut
iona
l fr
amew
orks
to
coor
dina
te p
olic
y w
ith
ener
gy
init
iati
ves
and
prog
ram
mes
and
pro
vide
inte
grat
ed m
onit
orin
g an
d en
forc
emen
t of
reg
ulat
ions
and
sta
ndar
ds
Gov
. A&
B/ E
nerg
y U
nit
II6.5
.4.
Asse
ss in
stit
utio
ns a
nd d
eter
min
e if
the
re is
eff
icie
nt in
tera
ctio
ns,
Gov
. A&
B
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da41
Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n M
easu
res
and
Act
ions
Re
spon
sibl
e A
genc
ies
and
Stak
ehol
ders
ex
tern
al d
imen
sion
s an
d fo
rmul
ate
and
impl
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
es o
f re
gula
tory
ref
orm
adeq
uate
res
ourc
es a
nd s
kills
set
s to
ach
ieve
pol
icy
and
regu
lati
on
impl
emen
tati
on a
nd t
o as
sure
mon
itor
ing
II6.6
: Re
view
and
m
odif
y na
tion
al
fram
ewor
k an
d in
dust
ry s
truc
ture
fo
r th
e en
ergy
se
ctor
tow
ards
the
ac
hiev
emen
t of
the
N
EP g
oals
II6.6
.1.
Iden
tify
indu
stry
str
uctu
res
that
bes
t fa
cilit
ate
the
impl
emen
tati
on o
f ac
hiev
emen
t of
the
NEP
and
oth
er p
olic
ies
obje
ctiv
es
Ener
gy U
nit
AN
TIG
UA
AN
D B
AR
BU
DA
42
March 2013
8.3 Expected Outcomes from the lines of action to be implemented and indicators to measure implementation progress
The following table summarises the expected outcomes and indicators to measure these outcomes for each of the line of action proposed under Strategy II. This will be a tool to be used in monitoring the implementation of the SEAP.
Table 8: Expected outcomes from the proposed lines of action and indicators to measure the implementation progress
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
Energy Cost Reduction
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
II1.1: Provide Incentive package to directly stimulate renewable energy deployment
• Study to analyse and identify the main financial and non-financial instruments for stimulating RE deployment developed
• Study to identify innovative approaches for the establishment of sustainable structures and financial mechanism for RE developed
• Study to identify and analyse how Antigua & Barbuda can capitalize on international financing facilities and bilateral financial sources developed
• Incentive package for RE developed and implemented
• Number of RE projects developed
• Overall energy intensity (10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years)
• % RE in the electricity supply mix at the following minimum levels:
• 2015 5%
• 2020 10% • 2030 15%
Energy Cost Reduction
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
II1.2: Open the market for private generation of RES electricity
• Licencing process for RE facilities revised
• Market open to other players (RE IPPs)
• Number of RE facilities licenced
• Time required to licence a RE facility
• Number of RE IPPs generating electricity
• Number of PPAs established
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
II1.3: Provide incentive package for utilisation of cleaner technologies in the transport sector
• Incentive package to promote the utilisation of hybrid vehicles and fuel-efficient vehicles with lower emissions implemented
• Regional bio-fuels
• Number of hybrid vehicles and fuel efficient vehicles in A&B
• % of biodiesel used in the transport sector
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da43
March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
Environmental Protection
incorporated in the fuel supply
Energy Cost Reduction
Electricity Reliability
II2.1: Analysis of the impacts of integration of renewable energy in the grid
• Study of the impact of incorporation of RES in the grid (grid stability) done
• Grid is upgraded / stable enough to handle Renewable energy penetration
• Reduction of number and duration of operational disturbances
• Faster recovery from disruptions to the energy supply.
• Electricity Reliability: number of hours with blackouts
• Time required for recover from blackouts
Energy Cost Reduction
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Environmental Protection
II3.1: Strengthen economic and scientific data through resource assessments on the country’s energy resource potential (namely wind, solar and waste to energy (WTE))
• Assessment of the RE resources and available potential to be exploited developed and compiles into an inventory
• Renewable Energy Development Areas identified
• RE demonstration projects developed
• Analysis of the regional Inter-Island connections and the potential utilisation of natural resources abundant in neighbouring countries
• Reduced GHG emissions
• Potential RE capacity to be installed
• RE capacity Installed • %RE incorporated into the grid • Number of RE demonstration
project developed • Overall energy intensity
Energy Cost Reduction
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Environmental Protection
II3.2: Develop renewable energy diversification priorities (based on cost, efficiency, environmental considerations)
• Plan to foster RE implementation
• Increased the development of solar projects
• Increased production of biofuels
• Increased installation of solar water heaters;
• Study the possibility of implementing equipment for using methane (bio-gas) produced from the landfill and waste water treatment plants developed
• Increased development of biogas facilities
• Stimulation of E-10
• RE capacity Installed • %RE incorporated into the grid • Number and capacity of PV
projects implemented • Quantity of biofuel produced • Capacity of biogas (landfill
and waste-water treatment plants) production plants
• Electricity generated from biogas production plants
AN
TIG
UA
AN
D B
AR
BU
DA
44
March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators program
• Reduced GHG emissions
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
II3.3: Promote the use of small renewable generation through the production of a fast track approval process and by streamlining the procedures and standards
• Procedures and a package of incentives to ensure that renewable energy plants with capacity lower than 15MW can be built on a simplified procedure developed
• Small scale (smaller than 15MW) RE capacity Installed
• Electricity generated from RE
Energy Cost Reduction
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Environmental Protection
II4.1: Promote incorporation of biodiesel
• Reduction of fossil fuel used in the transport sector
• Agreements between West Indies Oil and biodiesel and ethanol producers established
• Reduced GHG emissions
• % of fuel substituted by biodiesel and ethanol
• % of RE used for transport • Number of agreements
established between biodiesel and ethanol producers with West Indies Oil
Electricity Reliability
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
II4.2: Diversify energy sources by type and geographical location
• Procurement Guidelines to secure best terms and conditions for long-term contracts for energy supply developed and implemented
Energy Cost Reduction
II4.3: Engage in multilateral/regional a/ bilateral partnerships and cooperative agreements that contribute to Antigua & Barbuda energy goals and objectives
• Funds retained under regional and international accords and programmes used to meet the goals and objectives of the accords and programmes
• Multilateral/regional/bilateral partnerships and cooperative agreements identified and registered in a register
• Quantity of regional and international funding used to meet the goals and objectives of the programmes defined under the SEAP
• Number of Multilateral/regional/bilateral partnerships and cooperative agreements
Energy Cost Reduction
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New
II5.1: Undertake review of new emerging technologies
• Bi-annual reports on new and emerging technologies developed and published
• Number of bi-annual reports published
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
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March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators Economic/Business Opportunities
Environmental Protection
Energy Cost Reduction
Electricity Reliability
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Environmental Protection
II6.1: Develop transparent and comprehensive policy framework for the electricity sector and or amend existing legislation
• Carbon Emission Trading policy established and running
• New Power Sector Policy and Strategy developed and implemented
• Land Planning Policy to include reserved areas for the development of renewable energies (Renewable Energy Development Areas – REDA) revised and implemented
• National Solid Waste Management revised and implemented
• Requirements for new electricity generating plans (over a minimum scale of 1MW) established and implemented
• Tariff structure to take into account the impact of the incorporation of RES revised and implemented
• Carbon emission reductions achieved
• RE capacity developed • Quantity of RE installation
under 1MW installed in A&B • RE generation • Overall energy intensity
Energy Cost Reduction
Electricity Reliability
II6.2: Promote a market based approach and increase competition in the sector
• New tariff structure implemented and enforced
•
Energy Cost Reduction
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Environmental Protection
II6.4: Develop and implement a comprehensive regulatory framework for the energy sector
• Framework for the introduction of diversification fuels developed and running
• Reduction in the quantity of fossil fuel used
• Reduction of the dependency on fossil fuel
• Procurement and pricing of energy products clearly regulated
• Reduced GHG emissions
• Quantity of fossil fuel used • % of fossil fuel used in the
energy sector • Overall energy intensity
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March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
II6.5: Continuously review the existing internal regulatory framework for performance, strengths, weaknesses and lessons learnt while recognising the implications of external dimensions and formulate and implement programmes of regulatory reform
• Relevant agreed international best practices and regulations adopted and adapted to A&B
• Institutional frameworks to coordinate policy with energy initiatives and programmes and provide integrated monitoring and enforcement of regulations and standards developed and implemented
• Quantity of international regulation and best practices adopted by A&B
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
II6.6: Review and modify national framework and industry structure for the energy sector towards the achievement of the NEP goals
• Industry structures that best facilitate the implementation of achievement of the NEP and other policies objectives identified.
8.4 !"#$%"%&'(')*&+,-)*-)')%.+(&/+0)")&1+2*-+)"#$%"%&'(')*&+*2+'3%+4%&%5(6$%+7&%-18+9%:%$*#"%&'+;'-('%18+
The implementation priorities of each line of action for Strategy II: Renewable Energy is provided in Table 9 and the indicative timing for its implementation in Figure 12.
Table 9: Implementation priorities for Strategy II
Strategy for RE development Policy/Line of Action Priority: High,
Medium, Low (score)
II1: Create an enabling environment for the development of renewable energy through private sector participation
II1.1: Provide Incentive package to directly stimulate renewable energy deployment High (39 points)
II1.2: Open the market for private generation of RES electricity High (38 points)
II1.3: Provide incentive package for utilisation of cleaner technologies in the transport sector High (35 points)
II.2: Integration of renewable energy in the grid
II2.1: Analysis of the impacts of integration of renewable energy in the grid High (35 points)
II.3: Develop appropriate renewable energy sources
II3.1: Strengthen economic and scientific data through resource assessments on the country’s energy resource potential (namely wind, solar and waste to energy (WTE))
Medium (31 points)
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
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March 2013
Strategy for RE development Policy/Line of Action Priority: High,
Medium, Low (score)
II3.2: Develop renewable energy diversification priorities (based on cost, efficiency, environmental considerations)
Medium (33 points)
II3.3: Promote the use of small renewable generation through the production of a fast track approval process and by streamlining the procedures and standards
High (40 points)
II4: Diversification of Energy Sources
II4.1: Promote incorporation of biodiesel High (35 points) II4.2: Diversify energy sources by type and geographical location Medium (28 points)
II4.3: Engage in multilateral/regional a/ bilateral partnerships and cooperative agreements that contribute to Antigua & Barbuda energy goals and objectives
Low (18 points)
II5: Application of emerging technologies
II5.1: Undertake review of new emerging technologies Low (19 points)
II6: Establish policy, enforce laws, regulations and institutions that create equitable and transparent opportunities for all stakeholders in the energy sector
II6.1: Develop transparent and comprehensive policy framework for the electricity sector and or amend existing legislation
Medium (33 points)
II6.2: Promote a market based approach and increase competition in the sector Medium (31 points)
II6.3: Amend existing legislation and regulations or promulgate new ones where necessary to ensure responsible market behaviour
Medium (31 points)
II6.4: Develop and implement a comprehensive regulatory framework for the energy sector High (34 points)
II6.5: Continuously review the existing internal regulatory framework for performance, strengths, weaknesses and lessons learnt while recognising the implications of external dimensions and formulate and implement programmes of regulatory reform
Medium (31 points)
II6.6: Review and modify national framework and industry structure for the energy sector towards the achievement of the NEP goals
High (39 points)
AN
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Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n
Year
s
5 10
15
20
Shor
t M
ediu
m
Long
II1:
Crea
te a
n en
ablin
g en
viro
nmen
t fo
r th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
re
new
able
ene
rgy
thro
ugh
priv
ate
sect
or p
arti
cipa
tion
im
plem
enta
tion
of
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y pr
ogra
mm
es a
nd
mea
sure
s
II1.1
: Pr
ovid
e In
cent
ive
pack
age
to d
irec
tly
stim
ulat
e re
new
able
ene
rgy
depl
oym
ent
D/I
II1.2
: O
pen
the
mar
ket
for
priv
ate
gene
rati
on o
f RE
S el
ectr
icit
y D
I
II1.3
: Pr
ovid
e in
cent
ive
pack
age
for
utili
sati
on o
f cl
eane
r te
chno
logi
es in
the
tra
nspo
rt s
ecto
r
D/I
II.2:
Inte
grat
ion
of
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y in
th
e gr
id
II2.1
: An
alys
is o
f th
e im
pact
s of
inte
grat
ion
of r
enew
able
en
ergy
in t
he g
rid
init
iati
ves
D
I
II.3:
Dev
elop
ap
prop
riat
e re
new
able
ene
rgy
sour
ces
II3.1
: St
reng
then
eco
nom
ic a
nd s
cien
tifi
c da
ta t
hrou
gh
reso
urce
ass
essm
ents
on
the
coun
try’
s en
ergy
res
ourc
e po
tent
ial
(nam
ely
win
d, s
olar
and
was
te t
o en
ergy
(W
TE))
D
I
II3.2
: D
evel
op r
enew
able
ene
rgy
dive
rsif
icat
ion
prio
riti
es
(bas
ed o
n co
st,
effi
cien
cy,
envi
ronm
enta
l co
nsid
erat
ions
)
D
I
II3.3
: Pr
omot
e th
e us
e of
sm
all
rene
wab
le g
ener
atio
n th
roug
h th
e pr
oduc
tion
of
a fa
st t
rack
app
rova
l pr
oces
s an
d by
st
ream
linin
g th
e pr
oced
ures
and
sta
ndar
ds
D
I C
II4:
Div
ersi
fica
tion
of
Ener
gy S
ourc
es
II4.1
: Pr
omot
e in
corp
orat
ion
of b
iodi
esel
D/I
C
II4.2
: D
iver
sify
ene
rgy
sour
ces
by t
ype
and
geog
raph
ical
lo
cati
on
D
/I
I
II4.3
: En
gage
in m
ulti
late
ral/
regi
onal
a/
bila
tera
l pa
rtne
rshi
ps a
nd c
oope
rati
ve a
gree
men
ts t
hat
cont
ribu
te t
o An
tigu
a &
Bar
buda
ene
rgy
goal
s an
d ob
ject
ives
D
I C
II5:
App
licat
ion
of
emer
ging
te
chno
logi
es
II5.1
: U
nder
take
rev
iew
of
new
em
ergi
ng t
echn
olog
ies
D/I
C
C
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
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Stra
tegy
for
RE
deve
lopm
ent
Polic
y/Li
ne o
f A
ctio
n
Year
s
5 10
15
20
Shor
t M
ediu
m
Long
II6:
Esta
blis
h po
licy,
en
forc
e la
ws,
re
gula
tion
s an
d in
stit
utio
ns t
hat
crea
te e
quit
able
and
tr
ansp
aren
t op
port
unit
ies
for
all
stak
ehol
ders
in t
he
ener
gy s
ecto
r
II6.1
: D
evel
op t
rans
pare
nt a
nd c
ompr
ehen
sive
pol
icy
fram
ewor
k fo
r th
e el
ectr
icit
y se
ctor
and
or
amen
d ex
isti
ng
legi
slat
ion
D/I
II6.2
: Pr
omot
e a
mar
ket
base
d ap
proa
ch a
nd in
crea
se
com
peti
tion
in t
he s
ecto
r
I I
II6.3
: Am
end
exis
ting
leg
isla
tion
and
reg
ulat
ions
or
prom
ulga
te n
ew o
nes
whe
re n
eces
sary
to
ensu
re r
espo
nsib
le
mar
ket
beha
vior
D
/I
II6.4
: D
evel
op a
nd im
plem
ent
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
reg
ulat
ory
fram
ewor
k fo
r th
e en
ergy
sec
tor
D/I
II6.5
: C
onti
nuou
sly
revi
ew t
he e
xist
ing
inte
rnal
reg
ulat
ory
fram
ewor
k fo
r pe
rfor
man
ce,
stre
ngth
s, w
eakn
esse
s an
d le
sson
s le
arnt
whi
le r
ecog
nisi
ng t
he im
plic
atio
ns o
f ex
tern
al
dim
ensi
ons
and
form
ulat
e an
d im
plem
ent
prog
ram
mes
of
regu
lato
ry r
efor
m
D/I
C
C
II6.6
: Re
view
and
mod
ify
nati
onal
fra
mew
ork
and
indu
stry
st
ruct
ure
for
the
ener
gy s
ecto
r to
war
ds t
he a
chie
vem
ent
of
the
NEP
goa
ls
D/I
Lege
nd:
D -
Dev
elop
men
t, I
- Im
plem
enta
tion
, C
– C
onti
nuat
ion
Figu
re 1
2: In
dica
tive
tim
ing
for
the
impl
emen
tati
on o
f St
rate
gy II
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9 STRATEGY 3: PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
9.1 Goal and Objectives Within this Strategy Antigua & Barbuda intends to address:
• Low awareness and technical capacity on energy efficiency and renewable energy;
• Low level of education on energy efficiency and renewable energy;
• Low level of resources dedicated to the energy sector;
• Low involvement of the financial sector on energy efficiency and renewable energy projects;
• Lack of certified renewable energy installers
• Lack of certified energy efficiency auditors
Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP state the following strategic objectives in terms of public education and awareness:
• Support energy efficient choices through improved awareness, information and services that can deliver energy efficiency.
• Develop and implement the curriculum to equip students with the knowledge and skills to secure employment in the fields of RE and EE.
• Institutionalize educational programs to educate students in different energy topics, e.g. better ways to manage energy-usage, bringing about attitudinal change towards responsible energy use, energy responsibility, among many others.
• Establishing awareness programs on energy in the school curriculum.
• Promote the use of renewables in schools and universities.
• Establish a National Energy Education Program with the aim of promoting energy awareness by creating effective networks among students, educators, business, government and community leaders to design and deliver objective, multi-sided energy education program’s activities.
• Transforming Antigua & Barbuda’s energy systems requires a level of expertise, innovation and generational effort. Antigua & Barbuda needs major investments in capacity building. To achieve that, the Government will encourage direct investments to retool local and regional academic institutions as centers for research, education and workforce training in energy-related fields, both at professional and technical levels.
9.2 Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be Implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders
The following strategic map highlights the strategy, policy actions and measures to be applied under the awareness and education development strategy.
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
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Stra
tegi
c M
ap o
f Po
lici
es a
nd L
ine
of A
ctio
n fo
r Ed
ucat
ion
and
Aw
aren
ess
Stra
tegy
for
Edu
cati
on a
nd
Aw
aren
ess
Line
of
Act
ion
Mea
sure
s an
d A
ctio
ns
Resp
onsi
ble
Age
ncie
s an
d St
akeh
olde
rs
III1:
Dev
elop
and
Im
plem
ent
prog
ram
mes
to
infl
uenc
e m
arke
t be
havi
our
tow
ard
sust
aina
ble
ener
gy
(pro
mot
e ad
opti
on o
f re
new
able
ene
rgy
and
the
effi
cien
t us
e of
ene
rgy)
III1.
1: D
raft
and
Im
plem
ent
a pu
blic
con
sum
er
awar
enes
s an
d ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
and
end
-us
e st
atis
tics
on
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y aw
aren
ess
III1.
1.1
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t en
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
awar
enes
s an
d in
form
atio
n ca
mpa
igns
for
hom
eow
ners
and
ten
ants
, fo
cuss
ing
on
rais
ing
awar
enes
s on
bui
ldin
g st
anda
rds,
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy
labe
lling
and
rep
lace
men
t pr
ogra
mm
es f
or h
ouse
hold
app
lianc
es,
effi
cien
t lig
htin
g an
d av
aila
ble
ener
gy a
dvis
ory
serv
ices
.
Ener
gy U
nit/
G
ov.
A&B
III1.
1.2
Dev
elop
info
rmat
ion
cam
paig
ns t
o pr
omot
e C
FL a
nd/o
r no
n-LE
D
lam
ps t
o co
nsum
ers
in t
he r
esid
enti
al a
nd c
omm
erci
al s
ecto
rs
Ener
gy U
nit
III1.
1.3
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t a
rele
vant
and
sus
tain
ed p
ublic
ene
rgy
info
rmat
ion
prog
ram
me
and
info
rmat
ion
data
base
wit
h en
d of
use
st
atis
tics
En
ergy
Uni
t
III1.
1.4
Impl
emen
t en
d us
e st
atis
tics
tha
t pr
omot
e pu
blic
aw
aren
ess
of
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f re
spon
sibl
e en
ergy
use
En
ergy
Uni
t
III1.
1.5
Dev
elop
an
ener
gy in
form
atio
n cl
eari
ng h
ouse
/dat
abas
e w
ith
end
use
stat
isti
cs t
o ill
ustr
ate
the
effi
cien
t us
e of
ene
rgy
Ener
gy U
nit
III1.
1.6
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t ef
fect
ive
educ
atio
n an
d tr
aini
ng
prog
ram
mes
on
ener
gy c
onse
rvat
ion
at a
ll le
vels
of
the
educ
atio
n sy
stem
Ener
gy U
nit
/ M
inis
try
of
Educ
atio
n
III1.
1.7
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t en
ergy
eff
icie
ncy
awar
enes
s an
d in
form
atio
n ca
mpa
igns
tar
gete
d at
cus
tom
ers
(tou
rist
s) a
nd
empl
oyee
s of
the
tou
rist
sec
tor.
Ener
gy U
nits
/
Gov
. A&
B /
Min
istr
y of
To
uris
m
III1.
1.8
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t aw
aren
ess
and
info
rmat
ion
cam
paig
ns f
or
hom
eow
ner
and
tena
nts
in o
rder
to
rais
e aw
aren
ess
for
polic
y ac
tion
s I3
.3,
I3.4
and
I3.5
in t
he r
esid
enti
al s
ecto
r.
Ener
gy U
nit
/ A&
B Bu
reau
of
Stan
dard
s /
Gov
. A&
B
III1.
2: E
ncou
rage
re
sear
ch
deve
lopm
ent
and
tim
ely
and
III1.
2.1
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t in
cent
ives
to
enco
urag
e te
rtia
ry in
stit
utio
n to
dev
elop
res
earc
h pr
ogra
mm
es f
or t
he a
pplic
atio
n an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y te
chno
logi
es
Ener
gy U
nit/
/
Min
istr
y of
Fi
nanc
e an
d th
e Ec
onom
y/ A
BIA
AN
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52
Stra
tegy
for
Edu
cati
on a
nd
Aw
aren
ess
Line
of
Act
ion
Mea
sure
s an
d A
ctio
ns
Resp
onsi
ble
Age
ncie
s an
d St
akeh
olde
rs
effi
cien
t im
plem
enta
tion
of
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y pr
ojec
ts
III1.
2.2
Part
icip
ate
in in
tern
atio
nal
rese
arch
con
fere
nces
, co
urse
s an
d se
min
ars
Ener
gy U
nit
III1.
2.3
Esta
blis
h st
uden
tshi
ps a
nd s
chol
arsh
ips
in t
he f
ield
of
EE a
nd R
E lo
cally
and
inte
rnat
iona
lly
Gov
. A&
B/
Min
istr
y of
Ed
ucat
ion
III1.
2.4
Inco
rpor
ate
find
ings
fro
m n
ew a
nd a
dapt
ed r
esea
rch
in d
ecis
ions
re
gard
ing
RE im
plem
enta
tion
En
ergy
Uni
t
III1.
2.5
Stud
y ho
w A
ntig
ua &
Bar
buda
can
par
tici
pate
in c
arbo
n ab
atem
ent
mec
hani
sms
incl
udin
g ca
rbon
tra
ding
(e.
g. C
lean
Dev
elop
men
t M
echa
nism
)
Envi
ronm
enta
l D
ivis
ion
III.2
: Ca
paci
ty B
uild
ing
and
Trai
ning
III.2
.1:
Build
C
apac
ity
of t
he
Ener
gy U
nit
in t
he
fiel
d of
RE
and
EE
III2.
1.1
Recr
uit
perm
anen
t pr
ofes
sion
al s
taff
to
be in
cha
rge
of
supe
rvis
ing
and
coor
dina
ting
the
A&
B G
over
nmen
ts e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
and
ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y pr
ogra
mm
es a
nd m
easu
res.
G
ov.
A&B
III2.
1.2
Trai
n pe
rman
ent
prof
essi
onal
sta
ff o
f th
e En
ergy
Uni
t in
re
new
able
ene
rgy
and
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y, in
clud
ing
RE a
nd e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
tec
hnol
ogie
s, p
olic
y an
d pr
ogra
mm
e fo
rmul
atio
n an
d m
onit
orin
g an
d ev
alua
tion
of
prog
ram
mes
.
Gov
. A&
B
III2.
1.3
Ensu
re t
hat
adeq
uate
ince
ntiv
es a
re in
stit
uted
and
mai
ntai
ned
so
as t
o re
tain
a s
uffi
cien
t le
vel
of t
rain
ed s
taff
G
ov.
A&B
III.2
.2:
Trai
n pr
ofes
sion
al s
taff
in
rel
evan
t pu
blic
an
d pr
ivat
e se
ctor
III2.
2.1
Ensu
re t
hat
adeq
uate
ince
ntiv
es a
re in
stit
uted
and
mai
ntai
ned
so
as t
o re
tain
a s
uffi
cien
t le
vel
of t
rain
ed s
taff
G
ov.
A&B
III2.
2.2
Trai
n st
aff
in t
he f
unda
men
tals
of
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y te
chno
logy
, th
e pr
inci
ples
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy,
ener
gy p
olic
y an
d ca
rbon
m
arke
ts.
En
ergy
Uni
t
III2.
2.3
Whe
re n
eces
sary
, ut
ilise
exp
atri
ate
staf
fing
as
appr
opri
ate.
Pa
rtic
ular
ly,
whe
re t
he l
ack
of s
kille
d pr
ofes
sion
als
and/
or
man
pow
er a
cts
as a
con
stra
int
to t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of e
nerg
y tr
ansf
orm
atio
n ob
ject
ives
.
Ener
gy U
nit
III2.
2.4
Educ
ate
staf
f an
d pr
ofes
sion
als
in t
he p
roce
ss o
f m
anag
ing
Ener
gy U
nit
/
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da53
Stra
tegy
for
Edu
cati
on a
nd
Aw
aren
ess
Line
of
Act
ion
Mea
sure
s an
d A
ctio
ns
Resp
onsi
ble
Age
ncie
s an
d St
akeh
olde
rs
adm
inis
trat
ive
proc
edur
es f
or R
enew
able
Ene
rgy
Tech
nolo
gy e
.g.
cons
truc
tion
per
mit
s, u
ser
perm
its
DC
A/
Envi
ronm
enta
l D
ivis
ion
/ A&
B Bu
reau
of
Stan
dard
s
III2.
3: S
yste
mat
ic
incl
usio
n of
RE
and
EE t
opic
s in
sc
hool
cur
ricu
lum
III2.
3.1
Educ
ate
stud
ents
in t
he f
ield
s of
EE
and
RE v
ia in
clud
ing
the
topi
cs o
f EE
and
RE
wit
hin
natu
ral
scie
nce
curr
icul
um in
pri
mar
y,
seco
ndar
y an
d te
rtia
ry l
evel
sch
ools
.
Ener
gy U
nit
/ M
inis
try
of
Educ
atio
n
III2.
3.2
Intr
oduc
e an
har
mon
ised
pro
gram
me
of e
xtra
curr
icul
ar a
ctiv
itie
s fo
r yo
ung
peop
le in
the
RE/
EE f
ield
Min
istr
y of
Ed
ucat
ion
/ G
ov.
A&B
III2.
3.3
Syst
emat
ic in
clus
ion
of t
opic
s in
lif
elon
g le
arni
ng t
rain
ing
prog
ram
mes
, te
chni
cal/
voca
tion
al p
rogr
ams
and
cert
ific
ate
cour
ses
Min
istr
y of
Ed
ucat
ion
/ G
ov.
A&B
III2.
3.4
Educ
ate
and
trai
n sc
ienc
e te
ache
rs a
nd l
ab t
echn
icia
ns o
n th
e fu
ndam
enta
ls o
f RE
/EE
for
diss
emin
atio
n to
stu
dent
s
Min
istr
y of
Ed
ucat
ion
/ G
ov.
A&B
III2.
3.5
Ensu
re a
n ad
equa
te n
umbe
r of
kno
wle
dgea
ble
loca
l per
sonn
el
ente
ring
the
RE/
EE f
ield
on
a re
volv
ing
basi
s fr
om s
econ
dary
and
te
rtia
ry l
evel
sch
ools
Min
istr
y of
Ed
ucat
ion
/ G
ov.
A&B
III2.
4: R
E in
stal
lers
ce
rtif
icat
ion
prog
ram
mes
III2.
4.1
Set
up a
sys
tem
for
cer
tify
ing
inst
alle
rs t
o en
sure
hig
h qu
alit
y w
ork
duri
ng p
roje
ct im
plem
enta
tion
En
ergy
Uni
t /
APU
A
III2.
5: E
nerg
y au
diti
ng a
nd
man
agem
ent
prog
ram
me
III2.
5.1
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
a tr
aini
ng p
rogr
amm
e fo
r en
ergy
aud
itor
s an
d m
anag
ers
from
th
e pu
blic
an
d pr
ivat
e se
ctor
s,
incl
udin
g en
ergy
ser
vice
pro
vide
rs
Ener
gy U
nit
III2.
5.2
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
a ce
rtif
icat
ion
sche
me
for
ener
gy a
udit
ors
and
man
ager
s En
ergy
Uni
t /
APU
A
AN
TIG
UA
AN
D B
AR
BU
DA
54
Stra
tegy
for
Edu
cati
on a
nd
Aw
aren
ess
Line
of
Act
ion
Mea
sure
s an
d A
ctio
ns
Resp
onsi
ble
Age
ncie
s an
d St
akeh
olde
rs
III2.
6: E
E in
the
tr
ansp
ort
sect
or
III2.
6.1
Dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent
an i
nfor
mat
ion
cam
paig
n fo
r ca
r dr
iver
s an
d m
aint
enan
ce p
rofe
ssio
nals
reg
ardi
ng e
nerg
y ef
fici
ent
driv
ing
and
mai
nten
ance
pra
ctic
es.
Min
istr
y of
Tr
ansp
ort
III2.
6.2
Prov
ide
trai
ning
to
driv
ers
of b
uses
and
tax
is o
n en
ergy
eff
icie
nt
driv
ing
prac
tice
s.
Min
istr
y of
Tr
ansp
ort
III2.
7: A
rtic
ulat
ion
wit
h ot
her
prog
ram
mes
and
in
itia
tive
s in
the
re
gion
III2.
7.1
Arti
cula
te
RE
and
EE
trai
ning
an
d ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
mes
w
ith
othe
r pr
ogra
mm
es in
the
reg
ion
Ener
gy U
nit
III3:
Und
erta
ke p
ublic
in
form
atio
n se
ssio
ns f
or t
he
gene
ral p
ublic
and
tar
get
grou
ps a
bout
sup
port
m
easu
res
III3.
1: R
aisi
ng
publ
ic a
war
enes
s an
d ac
cept
ance
III3.
1.1
Wor
k w
ith
rela
ted
part
ners
to
deve
lop
and/
or p
rom
ote
ener
gy
trai
ning
eve
nts
and
educ
atio
n m
ater
ials
for
the
pub
lic
Ener
gy U
nit
III3.
1.2
Prom
ote
EE/R
E in
coo
pera
tion
wit
h lo
cal
com
mun
itie
s to
info
rm
citi
zens
of
the
bene
fits
and
pra
ctic
al a
spec
ts o
f th
e de
velo
pmen
t an
d us
e of
the
se t
echn
olog
ies
to a
chie
ve d
evel
opm
enta
l ta
rget
s En
ergy
Uni
t
III3.
1.3
Plac
emen
t of
pilo
t EE
/RE
proj
ects
at
the
com
mun
ity
leve
l to
en
gend
er s
uppo
rt f
rom
cit
izen
s w
hils
t al
low
ing
for
grea
ter
acce
ss
to t
he t
echn
olog
y as
an
educ
atio
nal
tool
; th
us r
einf
orci
ng c
apac
ity
and
conf
iden
ce.
Ener
gy U
nit
III3.
1.4
Dev
elop
a s
trat
egic
aw
aren
ess
and
mar
keti
ng p
lan
for
rene
wab
le
ener
gy p
rodu
ctio
n, t
arge
ted
on t
he g
ener
al p
ublic
, m
unic
ipal
and
lo
cal
auth
orit
ies,
com
mer
cial
and
pub
lic s
ervi
ces,
indu
stry
, ho
useh
olds
, ag
ricu
ltur
e an
d th
e en
ergy
dis
trib
utio
n se
ctor
.
Ener
gy U
nit
III3.
1.5
Prov
ide
proj
ect
info
rmat
ion
and
prom
otio
nal
mat
eria
ls o
n ec
onom
ical
ly v
iabl
e pr
ojec
ts id
enti
fied
in A
&B
to p
rosp
ecti
ve
loca
l, r
egio
nal
and
fore
ign
inve
stor
s En
ergy
Uni
t
III3.
1.6
Prov
ide
on-g
oing
com
mun
icat
ion
and
upda
tes
on e
nerg
y in
itia
tive
s to
the
pub
lic u
sing
tar
gete
d in
form
atio
n ca
mpa
igns
whi
ch w
ill b
e ca
rrie
d ou
t on
dif
fere
nt l
evel
s (n
atio
nal,
reg
iona
l an
d m
unic
ipal
) th
roug
h pu
blic
tel
evis
ion,
rad
io b
road
cast
ing
syst
ems
and
new
spap
er/m
edia
.
Ener
gy U
nit
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da55
Stra
tegy
for
Edu
cati
on a
nd
Aw
aren
ess
Line
of
Act
ion
Mea
sure
s an
d A
ctio
ns
Resp
onsi
ble
Age
ncie
s an
d St
akeh
olde
rs
III3.
1.7
Supp
ort
and
prom
ote
even
ts/s
emin
ars/
conf
eren
ces/
wor
ksho
ps
that
foc
us o
n RE
/EE
and
succ
essf
ul p
roje
cts
whi
ch c
an b
e sh
ared
w
ith
the
publ
ic
Ener
gy U
nit
III3.
1.8
Prom
ote
resi
dent
ial
use
of P
V, s
olar
the
rmal
sys
tem
s an
d w
ind
turb
ines
sys
tem
s in
clud
ing
deve
lopm
ent
and
dist
ribu
tion
of
win
d an
d so
lar
radi
atio
n m
aps
Ener
gy U
nit
III3.
1.9
Prom
ote
the
use
and
bene
fits
of
sola
r w
ater
hea
ters
by
havi
ng r
oad
show
s an
d gr
ass-
root
adv
erti
sing
cam
paig
ns s
how
casi
ng t
he
fina
ncia
l be
nefi
ts o
f th
ese
syst
ems
Ener
gy U
nit
III3.
2: Id
enti
fy a
nd
prom
ote
fund
ing
assi
stan
ce
prog
ram
s fo
r th
e pu
blic
III3.
2.1
Enco
urag
e lo
cal
bank
s, t
hrou
gh c
apac
ity
build
ing,
tra
inin
g an
d in
cent
ives
, to
pro
vide
loa
ns a
nd e
quit
y fo
r th
e in
stal
lati
on o
f sm
all
sola
r an
d w
ind
devi
ces
to h
omeo
wne
rs a
nd s
mal
l bu
sine
sses
.
Ener
gy U
nit/
M
inis
try
of
Fina
nce
and
the
Econ
omy
III3.
2.2
Inst
itut
e ro
lling
pub
lic a
war
enes
s se
ssio
ns o
n va
riou
s av
aila
ble
fina
ncin
g op
port
unit
ies
for
hom
eow
ners
, bu
sine
sses
and
pri
vate
in
vest
ors
in A
ntig
ua a
nd B
arbu
da w
ho a
re in
tere
sted
in in
vest
ing
and/
or in
stal
ling
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y te
chno
logy
Ener
gy U
nit/
M
inis
try
of
Fina
nce
and
the
Econ
omy
III3.
2.3
Rese
arch
EE/
RE r
elat
ed l
oans
, gr
ants
, re
bate
s an
d in
cent
ives
for
ho
mes
and
bus
ines
ses
Ener
gy U
nit/
M
inis
try
of
Fina
nce
and
the
Econ
omy
AN
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March 2013
9.3 Expected outcomes from the lines of action to be implemented and indicators to measure implementation progress
The following table summarises the expected outcomes and indicators to measure these outcomes for each of the line of action proposed under Strategy III. This will be a tool to be used in monitoring the implementation of the SEAP
Table 10: Expected outcomes from the proposed lines of action and indicators to measure the implementation progress
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
Energy Cost Reduction
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
III1.1: Draft and Implement a public consumer awareness and education program and end-use statistics on energy efficiency awareness
• Public consumer awareness and education program on EE developed and implemented
• Increase in investment in EE practices
• End use statistics implemented and available to the public on the internet in a database
• Rolling Island-wide media campaigns on the benefits of adopting EE practices
• Better informed populace on the fundamentals of EE and it’s environmental and cost benefits
• Number of EE projects developed
• Overall energy intensity (10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years)
• Number of Rolling Island-wide media campaigns
Energy Cost Reduction
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
III1.2: Encourage research development and timely and efficient implementation of renewable energy projects
• Public consumer awareness and education program on RE developed and implemented
• Database of applicable RE to be implemented in A&B with a timeline and strategy for implementation developed and available to the public
• Increase in investment in RE practices
• Rolling Island-wide media campaigns on the benefits of adopting RE practices
• Better informed populace on the fundamentals of RE and
• Number of RE projects developed
• Overall energy intensity (10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years)
• Number of Rolling Island-wide media campaigns
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da57
March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators it’s environmental and cost benefits
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
III.2.1: Build Capacity of the Energy Unit in the field of RE and EE
• Permanent professional staff of the Energy Unit in renewable energy and energy efficiency contracted and trained
• Increased job opportunities as RE/EE sector expands.
• More locals securing employment in the local and regional RE/EE sectors
• Number of people contracted for the Sustainable Energy Unit
• Number of people involved in the RE/EE sector
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
III.2.2: Train professional staff in relevant public and private sector
• Proliferation of professionals equipped with a working knowledge of specific aspects of EE/RE
• Increased job opportunities as RE/EE sector expands.
• More locals securing employment in the local and regional RE/EE sectors
• Number of people contracted for the Sustainable Energy Unit
• Number of people involved in the RE/EE sector
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
III2.3: Systematic inclusion of RE and EE topics in school curriculum
• Students and prospective researchers/professionals equipped with scholarly and practical knowledge of specific aspects of EE/RE as it relates to initiatives with the Caribbean region.
• Collaboration between students/researchers in Antigua and Barbuda and the wider Caribbean region.
• Harmonised programme of extracurricular activities for young people in the RE/EE field established and implemented
• Number of locals securing employment in the local and regional RE/EE sectors
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
III2.4: RE installers certification programmes
• Increased number of A&B RE Installers Certificated
• Number of certified RE installers
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
III2.5: Energy auditing and management programme
• Increased number of A&B RE energy auditors
• Number of energy auditors in A&B
AN
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58
March 2013
Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators
Energy Cost Reduction
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Environmental protection
III2.6: EE in the transport sector
• Information campaign for car drivers and maintenance professionals regarding energy efficient driving and maintenance practices developed and implemented
• Number of informed car drivers
Energy Cost Reduction
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
Environmental protection
III2.7: Articulation with other programmes and initiatives in the region
• Training provided to drivers of buses and taxis on energy efficient driving practices.
• Number of informed bus and taxi drivers
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
III2.7: Articulation with other programmes and initiatives in the region
• Implemented regional RE and EE training and educational programmes
• Number of regional RE and EE training and educational programmes implemented
Energy Cost Reduction
Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
III3.1: Raising public awareness and acceptance
• Energy training events and education materials for the public developed and distributed
• Increased incorporation of EE/RE in cooperation with local communities
• Implement public awareness campaign
• Number of training events • Number and capacity of RE
and EE projects developed in local communities
• Overall energy intensity (10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years)
Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities
III3.2: Identify and promote funding assistance programs for the public
• Increased of awareness of local banks and financial facilities to RE and EE projects
• Increased number of loans provided by local banks and financial facilities to RE and EE projects
• Increased knowledge and awareness on loans, grants, rebates and incentives for homes and businesses
• Increased uptake on available loans/equity/grants from banks/Government lending facilities as related to 2010
• Number of loans equity/grants from banks/Government lending facilities provided for RE and EE project development
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da59
March 2013
9.4 Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Education and Awareness Strategy
The implementation priorities of each line of action for Strategy III: Energy Efficiency is provided in Table 11 and the indicative timing for its implementation in Figure 13.
Table 11: Implementation priorities for Strategy III
Strategy for EE development Policy/Line of Action Priority: High,
Medium, Low (score)
III1: Develop and Implement programmes to influence non-market behaviour toward and to promote efficient use of energy
III1.1: Draft and Implement a public consumer awareness and education program and end-use statistics on energy efficiency awareness
High (34 points)
III1.2: Encourage research development and timely and efficient implementation of renewable energy projects Medium (24 points)
III2: Capacity Building and Training
III.2.1: Build Capacity of the Energy Unit in the field of RE and EE Medium (33 points)
III.2.2: Train professional staff in relevant public and private sector Low (22 points)
III2.3: Systematic inclusion of RE and EE topics in school curriculum Low (20 points)
III2.4: RE installers certification programmes High (35 points)
III2.5: Energy auditing and management programme High (35 points)
III2.6: EE in the transport sector Medium (32 points)
III2.7: Articulation with other programmes and initiatives in the region High (34 points)
III3: Undertake public information sessions for the general public and target groups about support measures
III3.1 Raising public awareness and acceptance High (40 points)
III3.2 Identify and promote funding assistance programs for the public High (39 points)
AN
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60
Stra
tegy
for
Edu
cati
on a
nd
Aw
aren
ess
Po
licy/
Line
of
Act
ion
Year
s
5 10
15
20
Shor
t M
ediu
m
Long
III1:
Dev
elop
and
Impl
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
es t
o in
flue
nce
mar
ket
beha
viou
r to
war
d su
stai
nabl
e en
ergy
(pr
omot
e ad
opti
on o
f re
new
able
en
ergy
and
the
eff
icie
nt u
se
of e
nerg
y)
III1.
1: D
raft
and
Impl
emen
t a
publ
ic c
onsu
mer
aw
aren
ess
and
educ
atio
n pr
ogra
m a
nd e
nd-u
se s
tati
stic
s on
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy a
war
enes
s D
/I
III1.
2: E
ncou
rage
res
earc
h de
velo
pmen
t an
d ti
mel
y an
d ef
fici
ent
impl
emen
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III.2
: Ca
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C
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of R
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– C
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3: In
dica
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tim
ing
for
the
impl
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I
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
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d B
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AN
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D B
AR
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DA
62
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
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64
March 2013
11 ESTIMATED COST AND POTENTIAL SOURCES OF FUNDING
11.1 Estimated Cost The potential cost of each action/measure/programme was estimated by the consultants. This was done by taking into account the costs of similar actions/measures/programmes being undertaken in CARICOM or OECD countries as well as employing the previous experience of the Consultants. The figures estimated were then aggregated per strategy, so as to provide a general budget figure for the implementation of this SEAP.
The estimated figures include: costs for policy development; costs for establishing and managing the Energy Unit, Energy Advisory Panels, and Independent Regulatory Agency; consultancy costs for carrying out resource assessments; costs for technical and non-technical capacity building and awareness raising activities; between others. They do not include renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies costs (as first projects need to be identified), construction and implementation costs. Annex II provides the estimated figures per measure for each of the four strategies here proposed.
The following table summarises the needed estimated budget for SEAP implementation.
Strategy Estimated Costs in (EC$)
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Annex III provides a brief overview on potential sources of funding that can be used by Antigua & Barbuda to finance the implementation of the activities highlighted in the SEAP.
Sustain
able En
ergy A
ction
Plan – A
ntig
ua an
d B
arbu
da65
March 2013
!""#$% &% '% (#)*+,+-+./% 0+1% )*#% ,#0&"&)&+"% +0% )*#% &(2-#(#")!)&+"%21&+1&)%
The implementation priorities of the defined lines of action under each proposed strategy were defined having into account the following criteria:
• Contribution to the goals in the NEP;
• The influence on existing and future policies across sectors;
• The impact / reach;
• Environmental impact (GHG emission reductions)
• Feasibility
• Synergies with existing programmes
• Cost benefit
Having these criteria in mind the following steps were followed in the definition of implementation priorities:
1) Attribution of points for each of the criterion
Each line of action proposed was analysed and points were attributed for each of the criteria above referred according to the table shown below.
Criteria Points Motive
Contributes directly to the goals in the NEP (the goals are: the NEP five goals (energy cost reduction, diversification of energy sources, electricity reliability improvement, environmental protection and stimulate new economic opportunities)
1 The action meets at least 1 of the goals of the NEP and relies on other actions
2 The action meets at least 2 goals of the NEP and relies on the implementations of actions defined for energy cost reduction and diversification
3
The action contributes to the main goals of Energy Cost Reduction and Diversification and Efficient use of Sources and at least 1 other goal in the NEP. These actions make up the main foundation, and preceeds all other actions
Will influence existing and future policies across sectors
1 The action requires new policies / legislation
2 The action bolsters other existing policies / legislation / requires modification of existing legislation
3 The action bolsters existing and proposed policies and supporting legislation e.g. ABIA Act, APUA Act, NSWMA Act / requires no additional legislation
Impact / Reach
1 The impact /reach of the action is at a Community / Sector level
2 The impact /reach of the action is at a National OR Community / Sector level
3 The impact /reach of the action is at the National and Community / Sector level
Environmental impact (GHG reduction)
1 Low
2 Medium
3 High
Feasibility
1 Requires new resources and regulations
2 Requires modification of existing regulations and resources
3 No modification required
AN
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66
March 2013
Criteria Points Motive
Synergies with existing programmes
1 No synergies with existing programmes
2 Can have an impact on existing programmes
3 Will have a strong impact on exisiting and proposed programmes
Cost-Benefit
1 Cost of programme and investments likely to exceed benefits (positive cost)
2 Benefits likely to exceed cost of programmes and investments (negative cost)
3 Benefits likely to exceed cost + policy can mobilize private investment
2) Attribution of weights to the different criterion
For each criterion, weights were attributed to reflect its importance. The following weights have been attributed:
• Contribution to the goals in the NEP = 3
• The influence on existing and future policies across sectors= 2
• The impact / reach = 2
• Environmental impact (GHG emission reductions) = 2
• Feasibility = 2
• Synergies with existing programmes = 1
• Cost benefit = 3
3) Calculation of the score of each line of action
For each line of action, a final score was estimated by multiplying the weight by the points attributed for a given criterion and by summing all the criteria’s scores.
Score Line of Action = ! (Points Criterion i x Weight Criterion i)
Where I, represent the different criterion selected for the analysis.
3) Definition of the Implementation Priorities
Having the scores calculated for each line of action and having into account that the maximum that one line of action could score is 45 points and that the minimum that a line of action could score is 15, the following implementation priority classification was attributed to each line of action:
• High: Line of action with scores between 34-45 points;
• Medium: Line of action with scores between 24-33 points; and
• Low: Line of action with scores between 15–23.
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!""#$%&&&%'%()*#"*&!+%,)-./#,%)0%0-"1&"2%There are several potential sources of funding that Antigua & Barbuda can access to finance the implementation of the activities highlighted in the SEAP. The following sources of funding are described below:
1. Global Environmental Facility (GEF);
2. The Organisation of American States (OAS);
3. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB);
4. PETROCARIBE;
5. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP);
6. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit(GIZ)
7. European Commission Financing (EU);
8. World Bank;
9. The Agence France de Development (AFD), Fonds Francais pour l’Environnement Mondial (FFEM) and French Environment and Energy Agency (ADEME);
10. West Indies Power Holding BV;
11. Environmental Foundation of Jamaica (EFJ);
12. Inter-American Foundation (IAF);
13. Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ);
14. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO); and
15. Department for International Development (DFID).
16. Caribbean Development Bank (CBD)
17. IRENA
18. China
19. CCCCC/SIDS-DOCK
20. KfW Development Bank
Examples:
Global Environment Facility
Who is the GEF?
The GEF, established in 1991 as a pilot project in the World Bank, is an independent financial organisation devoted to providing support to developing countries, in the form of financing, for projects related directly to biodiversity, climate change and renewable energy, land degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants.
‘As the financial mechanism of the UNFCCC, GEF allocates and disburses about $250 million dollars per year in projects in energy efficiency, renewable energies, and sustainable transportation.’3
3 Global Environment Facility: http://www.gefweb.org/interior.aspx?id=232
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As the particular goal of the GEF speaks to the provision of sustainable, affordable electricity services while meeting respective efforts in climate change targets, projects committed to Climate Change Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation are the two main financial mechanisms available from the GEF. Projects under these actions must address:
a) The role of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Transport in the reduction (and/or avoidance) of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions.
b) Research and Intervention into projects which will complement efforts undertaken by the UNFCC. These include the implementation of capacity building exercises, new low GHG technologies and the submission of National Communications which includes a report on national inventories of GHGs.
This facility articulates the need for strengthened practices in energy conservation, renewable technology investment and climate change prevention; and as such, is the largest provider of funding for projects, through contingent loans and grants, which encourages the use of small scale, stand-alone systems, which produces a two-pronged outcome:
a) The improved provision of electricity services to the rural community b) Expansion of the use of Renewable Energy Technology (RET) due to improved affordability
through the supplementary funds provided by the GEF.
What is the Role of the GEF in the Caribbean?
The GEF’s presence in the Caribbean is mainly experienced through the establishment of the Caribbean Renewable Energy Technical Assistance Facility (CRETAF). CRETAF collaborates with the Caribbean Renewable Energy Fund, which is a GEF sponsored loan facility. CRETAF supplies early stage loans for renewable energy project preparation in the form of grant financing to countries participating in the Caribbean Renewable Energy Development Programme (CREDP). The GEF funded approximately US$1.3million to support this program.4
The GEF also supported the first project of the Caribbean Community. The Caribbean Planning for Adaptation Global Climate Change project (CPACC) supports pilot vulnerability assessments in Barbados, Grenada and Guyana, support capacity training, monitors sea level and climate change in 12 Caribbean nations. This project has been followed with the ongoing Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change project which seeks to further develop the knowledge garnered from CPACC.
The Organisation of American States (OAS)
Who is the OAS?
The OAS was established in 1948 to achieve the guiding principles of democracy, human rights, security and development amongst its member states.
In an effort to promote development mechanisms, all OAS states have recognized that access to affordable energy is one of the main drivers for socio-economic growth. In the forum of energy, the OAS has established strategies to assist member states in achieving developmental goals.
Out of this recognition and collaboration between the OAS and the Department of Sustainable Development (DSD), the Sustainable Energy Partnership of the Americas (SEPA) and the Renewable Energy in the Americas (REIA) initiatives were established.
4 CRETAF: http://www.caricom.org/jsp/projects/cretaf.jsp?menu=projects
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SEPA was initiated from the DSD’s Energy and Climate Change Division and was designed to support and contribute to5:
a) the advancement of energy security b) the reduction of the impact of fossil fuels market fluctuation c) the lowering of carbon emissions throughout the region by generation and strengthening
regional markets for cleaner and renewable energy, and fostering the exchange of information and experiences pertaining to sustainable energy.
In order to meet these developmental goals, a plan of action has been developed by the Energy and Climate Change Division. Objectives include:
a) Developing an enabling environment by encouraging private-public investment. This increases the availability of funding for initiatives that promote renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.
b) Building adequate governance and regulatory frameworks so as to improve market conditions for these initiatives
c) Supporting the development of human and institutional capacity essential for research and development into the use and management of sustainable energy system.
REIA was created in 1992 by a consortium of US, Latin America and Caribbean (LAC)6 interests to increase access to modern, sustainable energy services by focusing on renewable energy solutions as well as energy efficiency practices.
The objectives of the REIA include: a) To identify and promote viable renewable energy and energy efficiency project
opportunities in the LAC region. b) to provide technical assistance and training on matters related to sustainable energy
development. c) To develop and assist in accessing innovative financing mechanisms suited to the technical
characteristics of renewable energy and energy efficiency.
What is the role of the OAS in the Caribbean?
The OAS has played many roles in the development of policy frameworks, information platforms and public-private financing mechanisms. So far, the OAS has been responsible for:
a) Caribbean Sustainable Energy Program (CSEP) – established to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy and address several barriers to RE establishment in seven LAC project countries. The OAS has partnered with CARICOM, CREDP, CARILEC and REEP from November 2008 to October 2011 to ensure the success of this program.
b) Geo-Caraibes Project - will implement a regional strategy that will create the conditions for successful deployment of commercially viable geothermal power production and overcome the barriers to the development of geothermal power in the three Project Countries.
c) Global Sustainable Energy Islands Initiative (GSEII) – is jointly administred by the Climate Institute, Organization of American States, Winrock International, Counterpart International, Energy and Security Group and the International Network for Sustainable Energy in Denmark. The Global Sustainable Energy Islands Initiative (GSEII), a consortium of
5 Sustainable Energy Partnership for the Americas, Program Description - http://www.sepa-americas.net/quienes_somos.php?ID=3 6 These include the nations of: 1) St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2) Barbados 3) Trinidad and Tobago 4) US Virgin Islands 5)Grenada 6) Guyana 7) Dominica 8) St Kitts and Nevis 9) St Lucia 10) Brazil 11) Peru 12) Chile 13) Bolivia 14) Argentina 15) Costa Rica 16) Guatemala 17) Nicaragua 18) Honduras
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international NGOs and multi-lateral institutions, has been organized to support the interest of all small island states and potential donors by bringing renewable energy and energy efficiency projects, models, and concepts together in a sustainable plan for small island nations The GSEII is currently focused on the Caribbean nations of St Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Grenada and St. Lucia. Thus far, the GSEII has assisted St Lucia in formulating the National Sustainable Energy Plan 2001 and is committed to assisting other island nations in energy developmental goals.
d) Promotion of bio-fuel projects in the Caribbean – The OAS along with the International Development Bank, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture(IICA) and the Government of Guyana (GoG) signed an MOU in 2007 which stated that the parties agree to explore ways in which sustainable energy and biofuel projects can be promoted and financed in the Caribbean region.
The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
Who is the IDB?
The IDB was established in 1959 in the LAC region and is currently the main source of multialateral funding. The IDB Group consists of the Inter American Investment Corporation (IIC), and the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) provides solutions to development challenges by partnering with public and private sector, thus reaching its clients ranging from central governments to city authorities and businesses.
The IDB lends money but also provides grants. It also offers research and consultancy support in key developmental areas crucial to the Caribbean. (education, agriculture, energy). One of the priority initiatives for the IDB in LAC is the Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Initiative (SECCI). The goals of the SECCI include:
• Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency development • Sustainable Biofuel Development • Access to Carbon Markets • Adapation to Climate Change
What is the role of the IDB in the Caribbean?
Since 2001, the IDB has financed approximately US$2 billion in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects in Latin America and the Caribbean. Recent projects in the scope of SECCI include:
a) Promotion of Energy Efficient Residential Lighting in Bahamas (2009) b) Strengthening the Energy Sector in the Bahamas (2009) c) Support to promote energy efficiency, energy conservation and sustainable energy Jamaica
(2009) d) Wind and Solar Development program Jamaica (2009) e) Unserved Areas Electrification Program Guyana - (2007)
PETROCARIBE
Who/What is Petrocaribe?
The Petrocaribe organisation was established in 2005 as a compartment of the Caracas Agreement, and is an energy cooperation agreement between the Government of Venezuela and twelve7 of the fifteen members of CARICOM, Honduras and Guatemala. This agreement allows for members to
7 Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Suriname, St Lucia, St Kitts and Nevis, St Vincent and the Grenadines
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purchase oil on conditions of a preferential payment. The deal functions by a means of a discount whereby contracting countries are required to pay a percentage of the market price, with the remaining cost converted into long term, low interest loans. When market prices rise above US$50 per gallon, as they are now, participating countries will receive a 40 percent discount that will accrue as a 25-year, 1 percent interest loan. If prices rise above US$100, this discount will rise to 50 percent. The agreement involves the refining of crude oil from Venezuela shipping to Caribbean states, possibly in Petrocaribe owned/contracted vessels wholesaling to existing retailers and even undertaking retailing where necessary. The payment system allows for a few nations to buy oil at market price and pay 75% of the purchase price within 30 days. The remaining 25% is paid over 15 years with one year’s moratorium at an interest rate of 2% per annum. This agreement is reviewed annually.
What is the role of PETROCARIBE in the Caribbean?
In June 2009, at the 6th Petrocaribe summit, the strengthening and pace of adoption of alternative energy sources, energy efficiency measures was part of the accord that was put forth by the summit.
In light of this, The Jamaican government is waiting for final approval on funding approved by PetroCaribe for 13 renewable energy and efficiency projects on the island; one of which is solar powered street lighting. The funding, which totals US$160 million, will be offered either as soft loans or grants, depending on decisions reached at the PetroCaribe Summit, which has not yet been officially scheduled.
Additionally, there have been some strides in developing geothermal power in Honduras and Nicaragua. The ALBA Caribe bank, initiated from the Petrocaribe accord, has allowed member states to invest in $222 million in social and energy development programs. These include the installation of 10 million compact fluorescent lightbulbs in Dominican Republic and 1.8 million in Nicaragua.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Who is the UNDP?
The UNDP is the development program conducted by the UN. The UNDP is committed to finding solutions for and developing on a global scale:
a) Democratic Governance b) Poverty Reduction c) Crisis Prevention and Recovery d) Environment and Energy e) HIV/AIDS
The UNDP is committed to setting and meeting developmental goals in developing nations by focusing on the key developmental issues highlighted above. The UNDP also assists developing nations in attracting and utilising aid effectively.
UNDP’s work on Energy and the Environment focuses mainly on: a) Framework for strategie and sustainable development b) Effective water governance c) Access to sustainable energy services d) Sustianable land management to combat desertification and land degradation e) Conservation and Sustainable use of biodiversity
The activities pursued by the UNDP to achieve these objectives concentrate on the strengthening of capacity to address the dynamic energy sector which has also initiated climate change reservations.
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The UNDP assists governments to address issues on a global and national level by seeking out and sharing best practices, providing policy advice and creating a database to share projects to establish a community of learning and linkages.
What is the role of the UNDP in the Caribbean?
The UNDP has supported major Renewable Energy transitions in the Caribbean with the development of major database platforms and programs. By partnering with CARICOM and the GEF, the UNDP was able to launch the bio-energy page on CIPORE; the Caribbean Information Platform on Renewable Energy. The Caribbean Renewable Energy Development Program (CREDP)1998 is also part funded by the UNDP. This program is an initiative of the energy minister of CARICOM and is devoted to change the market environment for Renewable Energy in the Caribbean by reducing political, market and financing barriers.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
What is the GIZ?
This facility is an international cooperation enterprise for sustainable development with a global focus. The GIZ is dedicated to promoting sustainability in all nations. The scope of ‘sustainability’ includes:
a) Supporting economic growth for more prosperity in partner countries b) Ensuring equal opportunities amongst social classes c) Using natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations.
The GIZ assists in the formulation of regulatory framework and human and institutional capacity to meet the goals and company concept of ‘sustainable development’. The facility works at government level as well as associations, industry, local populations and international donors. As renewable energy and energy efficiency falls under the umbrella of ‘sustainable development’, GIZ is also committed to providing solutions for developing countries with interests in harnessing natural resources to meet daily needs.
What is the role of the GIZ in the Caribbean?
The GIZ has played an important role in the development of the CREDP. The GIZ was also successful in their ‘Sustainable, fair and equitable globalization’ project which was lead by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The facility was able to achieve results in sustainable development, integrated management of natural resources and dealing with climate change.
The GIZ was also responsible for the first wind assessment conducted in Dominica in 2003, where specific sites in the North-East were identified, but the Government was warned of interconnection and distribution issues. This facility was also conducted similar studies in Grenada and St Vincent. The GIZ was a major player in the advisory service presented to the Government of Guyana with respect to biofuels and Jamaica’s renewable energy policy.
European Commission Financing (EU)
The European Commission is committed to meeting Millennium Development Goals by contributing, by way of financing development projects, in developing countries. By tackling poverty, boosting local economies and strengthening governance in the weakest of nations, the support provided by the EU is used so as to secure the long-term future of developing countries.
The European Development Fund (EDF) is the main facility for providing aid for enhancing development in African Caribbean Pacific (ACP) countries and Overseas countries and territories
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(OCT). The European Commission finances most if its developmental programs through the EDF with contributions totalling 22.7billion euro for the period of 2008-2013.
What is the role of the EU in the Caribbean?
In 2008, the Caribbean Forum of African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States (CARIFORUM) and the European Commission, signed a Financing Agreement totaling US$ 2.45 million to support the Caribbean Region in the Sustainable Management of its Energy Resources. As part of this total, CARICOM is contributing US$ 200,000.
The project seeks to: a) Increase capacity development in the Caribbean region b) Increase investment into renewable energy projects c) Exploiting carbon trading investment opportunities
Dominica has benefitted from EU funding under its ‘Geothermal Energy Development in the Caribbean’ project. This project seeks to explore the geothermal energy potential in Dominica based upon the results of an OAS Study conducted in 2005.
European contributions to Caribbean efforts in renewable energy are also felt through the Euro-Caribbean Forum which is committed to assisting in the Caribbean region by:
a) Sharing information and results derived from RET projects including replication of European experiences
b) Indentifying potential RE projects in the Caribbean c) Promoting trade in RE devices and systems
World Bank
The World Bank is an avid supporter of renewable energy development in developing countries. For the year 2009, the World Bank reached record high investments for new renewable energy and energy efficiency with loans totalling US$3.1billion. The World Bank comprises of two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The bank provides low interest loans, interest-free credits and grants to developing countries to support projects aimed at enhancing growth on a national scale.
By focusing on achieving the Millennium Development Goals the Bank delivers technical, financial and other assistance to those most in need of guidance and where it can make the greatest impact and promote socio-economic growth.
What is the role of the World Bank in the Caribbean?
The World Bank has supported many projects geared towards Climate Change and Renewable Energy Sector development in the Caribbean. In 2003 the World Bank launched the Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change Project for LAC countries. As SIDS are most vulnerable to the effects of Climate change, the world bank accepted the tasks of preparing the Caribbean islands of the associated and projected impacts of climate change and continued increases in carbon dioxide emissions.
The Agence France de Development (AFD), Fonds Francais pour l’Environnement Mondial (FFEM) and French Environment and Energy Agency (ADEME)
These French institutions are the main funding agencies currently responsible for geothermal feasibility, development and interconnection standards in Dominica. These three agencies are multi-lateral international funding agencies providing structured grants and loans for the development of projects enabling growth in developing countries.
West Indies Power Holding BV
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This is a Caribbean based IPP specializing in Geothermal development. WIPH is owned by Caribbean and European shareholders and is registered in the Netherland Antilles. WIPH is in charge of geothermal development in Nevis and Dominica. The first geothermal power plant in Nevis is expected to be completed in 2010.
Environmental Foundation of Jamaica (EFJ)
The EFJ was established in 1993 between the Government of Jamaica and the US, with the prime role as supporter and promoter of sustainable activities which are geared towards the conservation and management of natural resources. To date, the facility has approved 1,134 projects to the tune of US$24 million.
In the year 2008-2009, the EFJ has supported projects with an alternative energy focus; the main project being the Mango Valley and Dallas Castle Farmers. The funds obtained from the EFJ were used to implement solar and biogas energy systems. This in turn provided light and power from their agro-processing industries.
Inter-American Foundation (IAF)
This facility is an independent agency of the US government that provides grants to nongovernmental and community-based organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean for innovative, sustainable and participatory self-help programs. The IAF provides grants and fellowships under the following opportunities:
a) Investment into grassroots development as part of the community community’s outreach or objectives.
b) Partnership with the Institute of International Education (IIE) to supply fellowships which support dissertation work by candidates for PhD programs in the US.
What is the role of the IAF in the Caribbean?
Thus far, the IAF has provided parallel funding alongside the EFJ, Jamaica to support the introduction and implementation of alternative power generation for cottage industries in 2009.
Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ)
Is a Jamaican Statuatory corporation, which operates under the Ministry of Energy and Mining with the exclusive rights to explore for oil, to develop and manage Jamaica’s petroleum and natural resources. However, since 1995 the PCJ has been mandated to develop indigenous renewable energy resources to prevent adverse effects on the environment and to assist the Government in realizing the goals of Jamaica Energy Sector policy. As such the PCJ has supported renewable energy development by:
a) Implementing the Energy Conservation Incentive in Schools in 1993 b) Commissioning the Caribbean’s first large Wind Farm, Wigton with a capacity of 20.7MW. c) Establishing the Centre of Excellence in Renewable Energy in 2006 which is mandated to
develop and diversify Jamaica’s energy mix with the use of RE, research, education and demonstration of new technologies and methods.
As such, the PCJ has partnered with the IDB in 2009 to commence a three year study on wind and solar options for Jamaica. PCJ is contributing 22% of total costs of this project amounting to US$230,000.
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)
The FAO supports the implementation of sustainable energy practices that will protect the natural resource base which will halt the actions of natural resource degradation, increase conflicts over
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scarce resources etc. The FAO of the UN supports both developed and developing countries in battling hunger as well as modernising and improving agricultural practices.
The Natural Resource and Environment department is committed to developing and sharing technical and policy advice and knowledge to promote sustainable use of the earth’s resources in agricultural and bio-energy efforts.
As such, the FAO partnered with the EFJ in 2008 to assist in funding the Dallas Castle & Mango Valley Farm Group with solar and biogas energy systems which will enhance the farming and energy practices of these two communities.
Department for International Development (DFID)
The DFID was installed by the UK government in 1997 to assist in meeting international and national targets:
a) Millennium Development Goals of 2015 b) UK Government’s Public Service Agreements
As such the DFID works to relief the effects of poverty in developing nations all over the world. To achieve this, the DFID works with a wide variety of international bodies, organizations, charities and NGOs including the World Bank, United Nations, As such 40% of DFID funding is distributed through multi-lateral agencies.
In terms of renewable energy services, the DFID has played a major role in the Caribbean Island of Montserrat providing support services in the form of procurement and exploration services to determine the geothermal and wind potential in the island.
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