A Cyber Infrastructure SCADA Testbed Environment for Research on the Nation's Critical

Infrastructure

Christopher KlausCyber Defense Laboratory

Western Kentucky University

SCADA Cyber Attack Data Warehouse User Facility

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Significations of SCADA Vulnerabilities

Maroochy Shire Sewage SpillIn 2000, a disgruntled rejected employee remotely accessed sewerage pumping stations, releasing millions of liters of raw sewage into nearby rivers and parks.

Davis-Besse power plantIn 2003, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission confirmed the Slammer worm infected Davis-Besse nuclear power plant's SCADA network, disabling a safety monitoring system for nearly 5 hours and the plant’s process computer for almost 6 hours.

SX Train Signaling SystemIn 2003, the Sobig virus infected the CSX train control computer, shutting down the train/track signaling systems in the entire east cost of the U.S. Train services were delayed for 4 to 6 hours.

Worcester Air Traffic CommunicationsIn 1997, a teenager knocked out phone service at the control tower, airport security, the airport fire department, the weather service, and carriers that use the airport. Also, the tower’s main radio transmitter and another transmitter that activates runway lights were shut down, as well as a printer that controllers use to monitor flight progress.

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Objectives

Initiate a testing model of competing teams (Red & Blue) to alternatively attack and defend a target SCADA system being evaluated.

Implement INTERROGATOR architecture with example SCADA systems to capture SCADA cyber attacks [network traffic data].

Store SCADA cyber attack data in NACMAST Enterprise Data Warehouse.

Demonstrate research utility of SCADA vulnerability testing, and of stored SCADA cyber attack data.

Expand the model from a SCADA Laboratory to the Biosphere 2 for a SCADA Testbed User Facility for use by various researchers.

Make the SCADA cyber attack data on the NACMAST Enterprise Data Warehouse available for use by researchers as another component of the User Facility.

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FOUR COMPONENTS• SCADA Laboratory• INTERROGATOR Architecture• NACMAST Enterprise Data Warehouse• Biosphere 2

User Facility Hardware Overview

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SCADA Laboratory5

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Motors, Drives, Actuators

Sensors and other Input/Output Devices

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Human Machine Interface (HMI)

PC Based Controllers

Ethernet

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

A SCADA Laboratory will be an initial environment for performing and defending against SCADA Cyber attacks.

This environment will also allow testing of appropriate data capture methods and confirm the research utility before expanding to the level of a User Facility.

SCADA Laboratory

Firewall

INTERROGATOR Architecture6

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SCADA Laboratory

Firewall

Sensors

Network sensors on the SCADA Laboratory’s firewall to transfer raw traffic subsets to the NACMAST Enterprise Data Warehouse.

NACMAST Enterprise Data Warehouse

Description A large capacity warehouse to

hold Cyber attack data for retrospective analysis.

A matrix of storage arrays for both DoD and non-DoD purposes

Mission To perform retrospective

analysis on Cyber attack data To develop tools to aid in

retrospective analysis Status

Ready to collect and store SCADA cyber attack data

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Biosphere 2 as a User Facility8

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The Biosphere 2 is currently controlled by SCADA systems.

The Biosphere 2 is a good representative of Critical Infrastructures.

Leveraging the SCADA Laboratory implementation, the Biosphere 2 would gain the ability to capture SCADA cyber attacks.

FOUR COMPONENTS• Red and Blue Teams• SCADA Cyber Attack Data Analysis• Vulnerability Evaluation of Industry SCADA Systems

User Facility Research Overview

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Red and Blue Teams

Red & Blue teams would alternate attack and defense activities using the SCADA Laboratory and eventually the Biosphere 2.

These teams would development SCADA cyber attacks and defenses against attacks, such as: Unauthorized Command Execution SCADA Denial of Service SCADA Man-in-the-Middle Replay Malicious Service Commands

SCADA cyber attack profiles will be stored for training and research.

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SCADA Cyber Attack Data Analysis

Utilization of Autonomic Cyber Security to detect abnormal behavior.

Classification of known SCADA cyber attacks using data mining techniques (e.g. neural networks, wavelet analysis, genetic algorithms).

Pattern recognition of SCADA cyber attacks using data mining techniques .

Neural network prediction of SCADA cyber attacks based on identified patterns.

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Vulnerability Evaluation of SCADA Systems

Installation of SCADA systems from various vendors could be tested with the SCADA cyber attack profiles to determine vulnerabilities.

Methods used to harden other SCADA systems against such attacks could then be applied to determine if these defensive methods work for that vendor’s system.

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ONE COMPONENT• NACMAST Enterprise SCADA Training

User Training Overview

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NACMAST Enterprise SCADA Training

Training for researchers, analysts and other participants will covers User Facility components SCADA cyber attack data on the NACMAST Enterprise Data

Warehouse Utilization of the Biosphere 2 for specific SCADA systems

Training encompasses: Requirements for SCADA system installation at Biosphere 2 Best practices for Red and Blue team attack and defense

activities with SCADA systems. Use of IDS tools available NACMAST Enterprise Data

Warehouse Vulnerability assessment of SCADA systems Threat assessment Methods to harden SCADA systems Research using stored SCADA cyber attack data

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Summary

Prototype a SCADA Testbed environment that allows capture of SCADA cyber attack data.

Collect a variety and significant amount of SCADA cyber attacks in the NACMAST Enterprise Data Warehouse.

Utilize Red & Blue teams for one method of research and analysis of stored data for another method.

Leverage knowledge gained to turn the Biosphere 2 into a SCADA Cyber Attack Data Warehouse User Facility.

Invite researchers to utilize this User Facility.Invite industry to implement their SCADA systems

for vulnerability testing.

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Questions?16

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