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A Cumulative Distribution Approach to Stand Structure Classification
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
A Cumulative Distribution Approach to Stand Structure
ClassificationCraig Farnden and Ian S. MossWestern Mensurationists’ Meeting
July 2, 2003
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Why Classify?
It helps us to organize our observations of complex systems and to learn from those observations
It facilitates communication between individuals: a given class label infers a set of attributes that are commonly understood
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Implicit Assumptions
Recognized that:
• Stand structure is a continuum
• There are few if any obvious breaks upon which to base classes
• Perceptions of what stands should look like can seriously skew a classification (“textbook” stand structures)
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Design Criteria
• Units must be internally consistent• Units must be readily recognizable• Sufficient number of units to
facilitate interpretations• Classification must be definitive
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Design Criteria• Classification attributes should be
easy to measure or assess for general applicability
• System should be open to improvement or refinement through sub-division and/or re-fitting
• Separable with respect to diameter distributions and species composition
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
The Cumulative Distribution Approach to Classification
• Current classification built on 424 sample plots
• Uses mathematical algorithm to find stands with similar structures
• Pattern recognition based on two cumulative frequency distributions:– Basal area (m2/ha)– Trees/ha
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
The Cumulative Distribution Approach to Classification
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Tree DBH (cm)
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al A
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(m2 /
ha)
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
The Cumulative Distribution Approach to Classification
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
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Methodology…
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Methodology…T= ∑distance between all pairsWGij = ∑within group pairsBGij = T - WGij
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Methodology…For each possible move, calculate:
New WGij
∆BGi
Rij = Wgij/ ∆Bgi
Find Rminij
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Results
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Results
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Results - Reference Distributions
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Results - Reference Distributions
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Tree DBH (cm)
C1
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Basal A
rea (
m2/h
a)
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
• Plot cumulative distributions and compare to reference distributions
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
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Tree DBH (cm)
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Basal A
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m2
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
• Use computer software (planned)
• Use keys in field guide
• Plot cumulative distributions and compare to reference distributions
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
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B40>19.5AND B20>27.5
B25>37OR B80>8
B60>5AND B10<35
B10<32.5
B0>30OR B15>26
B10>19OR B20>16
B35>12
B0>34
B40 >18
YY
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
KEY "A"
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
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Basal A
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
• Use Air Photo Interpretation
• Plot cumulative distributions and compare to reference distributions
• Use computer software (planned)
• Use keys in field guide
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
Class 14 Class 15 Class 17
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
• Plot cumulative distributions and compare to reference distributions
• Use computer software (planned)
• Use keys in field guide
• Use Air Photo Interpretation
Classifying Stands
• Recognize through familiarity
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands
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16
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Classifying Stands14 16
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Unresolved Issues
• Number and distribution of classes
• Use of discrete point samples versus composite samples
• Class hierarchy– Species– Spatial distribution and complex– Small tree frequency
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Conclusions
• System has great potential– Enhanced resource interpretations– Enhanced treelist imputation– Enhanced broad scale prescriptive abilities
• Appears to be robust and defensible• Should be exportable with minimal
modifications• New and untested - guinea pigs required
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Documentation
Field guide and poster
Lignum Limited web site:
www.lignum.com
go to publications
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STAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
Acknowledgements
• This project was undertaken as part of the Lignum Ltd. IFPA
• Funding for this project was provided by Forestry Innovation Investment (FII), a forestry investment mechanism of the Gov’t of BC, and Forest Renewal BC