A Culture in Conflict A Culture in Conflict

Bell work #2Bell work #2Karen purchased a antique vase for Karen purchased a antique vase for her friend who is in seattle which had her friend who is in seattle which had

came from italy.came from italy.

New Views of the Universe New Views of the Universe

Radioactivity- By the early 1900s, the Polish-Radioactivity- By the early 1900s, the Polish-born French scientist Marie Curie and other born French scientist Marie Curie and other scientists were experimenting with a process scientists were experimenting with a process called radioactivity. They discovered that the called radioactivity. They discovered that the atoms of certain elements, such as radium and atoms of certain elements, such as radium and uranium, spontaneously release charged uranium, spontaneously release charged particles. They discovered that it could change particles. They discovered that it could change atoms of one element into atoms of another atoms of one element into atoms of another element. Such findings proved that atoms were element. Such findings proved that atoms were not solid and indivisible. not solid and indivisible.

RelativityRelativity

By 1905, the German –born physicist Albert By 1905, the German –born physicist Albert Einstein advanced his theories of relativity. Einstein advanced his theories of relativity. Einstein argued that space and time Einstein argued that space and time measurements are not absolute but are measurements are not absolute but are determined by many factors, some of them determined by many factors, some of them unknown. This idea raised questions about unknown. This idea raised questions about Newtonian science, which compared the Newtonian science, which compared the universe to machine that operated according to universe to machine that operated according to absolute laws. absolute laws.

Modern science seemed to reinforce the Modern science seemed to reinforce the unsettling sense of a universe whirling beyond unsettling sense of a universe whirling beyond the understanding of human reason. the understanding of human reason.

Probing the MindProbing the Mind The Austrian physician Sigmund Freud The Austrian physician Sigmund Freud

also challenged faith in reason. He also challenged faith in reason. He suggested that the unconscious mind suggested that the unconscious mind drives much human behavior. drives much human behavior.

Freud pioneered psychoanalysis, the Freud pioneered psychoanalysis, the study and treatment of the human mind. study and treatment of the human mind. He analyzed dreams for clues to He analyzed dreams for clues to subconscious desires and developed ways subconscious desires and developed ways to treat mental illnesses Freud’s work led to treat mental illnesses Freud’s work led writers and artists to explore the writers and artists to explore the subconscious mind. subconscious mind.

The New LiteratureThe New Literature

As Freud’s ideas became popular, some As Freud’s ideas became popular, some writers experimented with writers experimented with Stream of Stream of Consciousness.Consciousness. In this technique, a In this technique, a writer probes a character’s random writer probes a character’s random thoughts and feelings without imposing thoughts and feelings without imposing any logic or order. any logic or order.

Modern Art and ArchitectureModern Art and Architecture In the early 1900s many western artists rejected In the early 1900s many western artists rejected

earlier styles. Instead of trying to reproduce the earlier styles. Instead of trying to reproduce the real world, they explored other dimensions of real world, they explored other dimensions of color, line, and shape. Painters like Henri color, line, and shape. Painters like Henri Matisse outraged the public with their bold use Matisse outraged the public with their bold use of color and odd distortions. of color and odd distortions.

Cubism- before the war, the Spanish artist Pablo Cubism- before the war, the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and his friend Georges Braque created Picasso and his friend Georges Braque created a revolutionary new style, called Cubism. They a revolutionary new style, called Cubism. They broke three dimensional objects into fragments broke three dimensional objects into fragments and composed them into complex patterns of and composed them into complex patterns of angles and planes. angles and planes.

Dada and Surrealism Dada and Surrealism During and after the war, Dada burst onto the During and after the war, Dada burst onto the

Paris art world. Dada was a revolt against Paris art world. Dada was a revolt against civilization. Its goal was to “give the bourgeois a civilization. Its goal was to “give the bourgeois a whiff of chaos.” Paintings by artists like Hans Arp whiff of chaos.” Paintings by artists like Hans Arp and max Ernst shocked, haunted and disturbed and max Ernst shocked, haunted and disturbed viewers. viewers.

Architecture- Architects, too, rejected classical Architecture- Architects, too, rejected classical traditions and invented new styles to match an traditions and invented new styles to match an industrial urban world. The famous Bauhaus industrial urban world. The famous Bauhaus school in Germany influenced architecture by school in Germany influenced architecture by blending science and technology with design. blending science and technology with design. Bauhaus designers used glass, steel, and Bauhaus designers used glass, steel, and concrete but little ornamentation. concrete but little ornamentation.

A Changing SocietyA Changing Society In the aftermath of WWI, many people yearned In the aftermath of WWI, many people yearned

to return to “normalcy” to life as it had been to return to “normalcy” to life as it had been before 1914. But rebellious young people before 1914. But rebellious young people rejected the moral values and rules of the rejected the moral values and rules of the Victorian Age and chased after excitement. Victorian Age and chased after excitement.

The Flapper- The reigning queen of the jazz Age The Flapper- The reigning queen of the jazz Age was the liberated young woman called the was the liberated young woman called the Flapper. The first flappers were American , but Flapper. The first flappers were American , but their European sisters soon adopted the fashion. their European sisters soon adopted the fashion. Flappers rejected old ways. Shocking their Flappers rejected old ways. Shocking their elders, they bobbed their hair and wore skirts far elders, they bobbed their hair and wore skirts far shorter than prewar fashions. They went out on shorter than prewar fashions. They went out on dates un chaperoned, enjoyed wild new dance dates un chaperoned, enjoyed wild new dance fads such as the Charleston, smoked, and drank fads such as the Charleston, smoked, and drank in nightclubs. in nightclubs.

Women’s LivesWomen’s Lives Women’s war work helped them win the vote in Women’s war work helped them win the vote in

many western countries. A few women were many western countries. A few women were elected to public office, such as Texas governor elected to public office, such as Texas governor Miriam Ferguson of lady Nancy Astor, the first Miriam Ferguson of lady Nancy Astor, the first woman to serve in the British Parliament. woman to serve in the British Parliament.

By the 1920s labor saving devices were By the 1920s labor saving devices were common in middle class homes. Washing common in middle class homes. Washing machines, vacuum cleaners and canned foods machines, vacuum cleaners and canned foods freed women form many time consuming freed women form many time consuming household chores. Some women found paid household chores. Some women found paid work outside the home. Others took volunteer work outside the home. Others took volunteer jobs, providing social services or raising funds jobs, providing social services or raising funds for charities. for charities.