A Cryogenic PAF for Parkes - PAF Workshop 2017 · A Cryogenic PAF for Parkes PAF Workshop 2017...
Transcript of A Cryogenic PAF for Parkes - PAF Workshop 2017 · A Cryogenic PAF for Parkes PAF Workshop 2017...
ACryogenicPAFforParkesPAFWorkshop2017
CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE
JimiGreen|ParkesSeniorSystemScientist,CASSGroupLeader16th November2017
Acknowledgements
• MatthewBailes• RameshBhat• JustinBray• AaronChippendale• JohnConway• JoanneDawson• JohnDickey• AlexDunning• RonEkers• DougHayman
• ClancyJames
• SimonJohnston• EvanKeane• MichaelKramer
• J.P.Macquart
• NaomiMcClure-Griffiths
• RayNorris• BoPeng• MariaRioja• ElaineSadler• RyanShannon• ListerStaveley-Smith
• TassoTzioumis
• NinaWang
• LauraWolz
• +++
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Overview
• TheParkesradiotelescope(inaslide)
• PhasedArrayFeedswithParkes
• TheCryo-PAFProposal
DriversSpecifications
Benefits
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ParkesRadioTelescope(inaslide)
• 64mradiotelescope(f/D0.41),~380kmwestofSydney,~20kmnorthfromtownofParkes,ownedandoperatedbyCSIRO
• Threeyearstodesignandtwoyearstobuild-officiallyopenedon31October1961• Operatingformorethan55years
• Continualupgrades&evolutionhavebeenkey(newsurfaces,newfocuscabin,newreceiverse.g.multibeam,backendsystems)
• Multitudeofscientificdiscovery
• Otheractivities- spacecrafttracking(‘TheDish’)
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ParkesRadioTelescopeCurrentcapabilities
• 700MHzto~25GHzacross8receivers• Including13-beam‘multibeam’system
• Spectral andtemporalbackendcapabilities• Forsingle-beamtimedomain(events<1s)andspectrometry(“DFB4”)
• Forsingle-beamtimedomainandnewlimitedpiggybackspectrometry(“CASPSR”)
• Formulti-beam(13beams)timedomainandspectrometry(“HIPSR/BPSR”)• Real-timeFastRadioBurstdetection
• ForVeryLongBaselineInterferometry,VLBI(“DAS”&“Mk-V”)
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PhasedArrayFeedswithParkes
• TestsofPAFdesignsonsite(coverofbook!)
• MaxPlanckInstitute(MPIfR)PhasedArrayFeed- Re-purposedASKAPfeed(“MKII”)
• commissionedonParkesin2016(~10monthsondish)– Chippendaleetal.2016
• timed3Pulsarssimultaneously– Dengetal.2017
• spectrallineobservations- veryflatandstablebandpass– Reynoldsetal.2017
• 12-mantennamonitoringVelapulsar(“MKI”PAF),includingdetectingglitch
– Sarkissian etal.2017
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• Parkes’role:• FirstFRBdiscoveredwithParkes(Lorimeretal.2007)• Majorsearchcampaigns,e.g.SUPERBreal-timedetectionproject• >=21of>=26todatediscoveredwithParkes(e.g.Thorntonetal.,2013),detectionrate~5peryear
• Competition:• CHIME(NorthernHemisphere,predicteddetectionrate~1perday,localisation fewarcmin in1D);MeerKAT (expects�12localised FRBsovera5yearsurvey);Molonglo-UTMOST(~4detectedtodate);ASKAPflys-eye(~10detectedtodate);Caltech10-mdishsystem
• Want:studyoftheiroriginandofthebaryoniccontentoftheUniverse• Have:maturedatareduction&FRBdetectionpipeline,SouthernHemisphere• Need:increasedfieldofview,localisation ability,accurateintensity
ParkesCryo-PAF|JimiGreen
ScienceDrivers
Transients– FastRadioBursts(FRBs)
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• Parkes’role:• Detectionmachine>1500,~2/3ofall
• Competition:• Meerkat• existingNorthernhemispheresingledishes,FAST• (SKA~20,000detections)
• Want:more,more,more(timingsources,exoticsystems)- explorefundamentalphysics,includingmatterequationsofstate,theoriesofgravity&gravitationalwaveregimeatlongwavelengths.
• Have:ImprovingGPUbasedbackends (greaterrangeofdispersionmeasures)• Need:lowTsys (<=MBTsys),increasedfieldofview,widerbandwidth
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ScienceDrivers
Pulsars
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Cred
it:M
PIfR
Ch.N
g.
• Parkes’role:• Multibeam studies:HIParkesAllSkySurvey(HIPASS),GalacticAllSkySurvey(GASS),componentofSGPS
• surveyedownGalaxy,Magellanicclouds,1000sofnearbyGalaxies,pushingfurtherinredshift
• Competition:• Low-zCHIME,Tian-Li,GBT-HIM,HIRAX,SKA-MID(+high-zLOFAR,MWA,HERA,PAPER,SKA-LOW…)
• ASKAP,APERTIF,SKA• Want:Detect&accuratelyquantifyneutralgascontentofgalaxies&thecosmicwebacross½ageoftheUniversethrough“intensitymapping”(powerspectrumandcross-correlationwithopticalredshiftsurveys,Changetal.2010)
• Have:ARCcentres ofExcellenceCAASTRO->ASTRO3D,developedbodyofknowledgeandtheoreticalexperience(e.g.Wolz etal.,2016).
• Need:increasedfieldofview,increasedbandwidth,flatterbaselines
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ScienceDrivers
Hydrogenovercosmictime
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• Parkes’role:• mostsensitiveexperimenttodatetodetecthigh-energyparticles,viaCerenkovradiopulse,usedtheParkes21cmmultibeamreceiver,whichwasabletosee≤1/3oftheusefulareaofthemoon(Brayetal.2015)
• Competition:• CROME(previously),EASIER@AUGER,SKA,LOFAR,AuScope• FASTwithaPAF(VLA,WSRTpreviously)
• Want:toknowthenature&originofultra-high-energyparticles(“oneofthebiggestmysteriesofmodernastrophysics”)
• Have:previousexperience,sensitivity,backendoptions• Need:increasedfieldofview:seetheentiretyofthemoon.
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ScienceDrivers
high-energyparticledetection
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• EMUsurveywilldetectabout70millionradiosources.• SeparateActiveGalacticNuclei(AGN)vsstar-forminggalaxies,throughsingle-baselineVeryLongBaselineinterferometer(e.g.Norris&Kesteven,2012,Middelberg etal.(2013
• polarisation studiesoftheAGN,imagingofOHmegamasers,andclassificationofpulsarsandradiostars
• FLASHsurveywilldetectHiabsorptionin�1000radio-loudAGNatz=0.5– 1(Allisonetal.,2015).• detectneutralgasoutflows,associatedwithAGNfeedbackvia<1-percentopticaldepthsensitivity(achievedwithverygoodspectralbaselineandreal-timeRFImitigation)
• localise position,measuresize& kinematicsofHIabsorbers
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ScienceDrivers
ASKAPwithParkesPAFVLBIcomplement
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• GASKAPsurveywillobserveHIandOHintheMilkyWayoveranareaof13,000sq.degs (Dickeyetal.,2013).• Zero-spacingdatatoprobelargespatialscalesthatASKAPisinsensitiveto• ultra-highsensitivityOHsurveyofentireSouthernsky,probingnewphysicalenvironments
• SKA1-mid/Parkesbaselineastrometrytowardsasampleof100OH-masersourceswouldallowtheinternalangularrotationsoftheMagellanic Cloudstobemodelled(propermotionto10micro-arcsecondsyr−1(�2km/s)accuracy
• Astrometryofpulsarsisoftenbeneficialinprovidingdirectmeasurementsoftheirdistancesindependentofsingledishtimingdata.
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ScienceDrivers
ASKAPsingledish&VLBIcomplement
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SpecificationsCryo-PAFTestsandTargets
• Cryogenicallycooled‘Rocket’PhasedArrayFeed(thirdgenerationCSIROPAFdesignedbyAlexDunning&co)
• Prototypeondishtesting(plusaperturetests)May2016- veryencouragingforpurposebuiltversion
• 700MHz– 2GHz
• 3xMBfieldofview (~4.5deg)
• sub-20KTsys
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SpecificationsCryo-PAFTargets
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30
Feed array performance comparison
Parkesmul+beam(T/η)
Parkesmul+beam
Chippendaleetal.(arXiv:1606.03533)
CryogenicrocketPAF(est.)
CryogenicrocketPAF(est)
MPIPAF
MPIPAF
System
Tem
perature/Efficien
cy
PHISCC2017 Pune
Significantimprovementinsixkeyareas:
1. animprovedreceivernoise;2. awiderfieldofview;3. Nyquistsamplingofthefocalplane;4. awidefront-endbandwidth;5. greaterapertureefficiency;6. reducedbaselineripple.
Together=10to30-foldincreaseinsurveyspeed
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ImprovementSummary
Headlines
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• FRBs:FRBdetectionbyalmostafactorof3(14±4peryear),arcmin localisationandaccurateintensities
• PULSARS:3× greaterthanthecurrentsystemfieldofview,uniformsensitivity,largerbandwidthand10× betterlocalisation accuracy->severalhundrednewdetections
• HYDROGEN:4xmultibeam bandwidth,3xfieldofview,extremelyflatbaselines,costeffectiveapproach
• ASKAP:VLBIfollow-upandzero-baselinespacinginformation
• HIGH-ENERGYPARTICLES:wholemoon/entirelimbfieldofview(pluspotentialforatmosphericviasurroundingdetectors)
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ImprovementSummary
ScienceImpact
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Background• 5-yearprogramme,multi-yearinvestmentfortelescopetime
• OfficiallybeganobservingOctober/November2016• Observingblockseachday,steppingintime(LocalSiderealTime)throughtheweek
• DedicatedbackendmanagedbyUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,simultaneoususeofGPUbackend
Gains• FasterGalacticplanesurvey,moreeffective/efficienttransient/FastRadioBurstsimultaneoussearches
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BenefitsSearchforExtraTerrestrialIntelligence:BreakthroughListen
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MalSmith
Benefits
Education&Outreach
Background• PULSE@Parkes programme• Pulsarfocused,secondary-leveleducationprogramme withreal-timeaccessto,andcontrolof,ParkesTelescope
• ~1500highschoolstudentstodate,~130schools,sessionsacrossAustralia,plusCanada,China,England,Japan,SouthAfrica&Wales
• Undergraduate/postgraduateextensiontotheprogramme• ObservingwithParkes,TrainingandIntroduction,ModuleforUniversitySTEM:OPTIMUSdevelopedthroughCSIRO’s’ONPRIME’
• Extending/varyingsciencetoincludeotheraspects,STEMfocusGains• OpportunityforstudentstolearntaboutPAFtechnology• Broadersciencepotential
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• Cryo-PAFnaturalevolutionforprolificmultibeam system
• SciencedriversoverlapwithallthemajorSKAsciencegoals includingpulsars,transients,HI• Plus alwaystheunknown!
• Competitivedesignoutlinedandprototyped
• Exploringfundingopportunities(cryo-PAFaverycosteffectiveapproachtoexperiments)
ParkesCryo-PAF|JimiGreen
Summary
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CSIROAstronomyandSpaceScienceJimiGreenParkesSeniorSystemScientist,CASSGroupLeadert +61293724577e [email protected] www.atnf.csiro.au
CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE
Thankyou
Credit:WayneEngland