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A Critical Time. Attack and Retreat June 1776-A large British fleet led by Sir William Howe arrived...
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Transcript of A Critical Time. Attack and Retreat June 1776-A large British fleet led by Sir William Howe arrived...
A Critical Time
Attack and Retreat
June 1776-A large British fleet led by Sir William Howe arrived off New York
Howe had: 34,000 well trained troops and 10,000 sailors
Washington had fewer than 20,000 poorly trained troops and no Navy
Attack and Retreat
That summer consisted of battles followed by American retreats
Colonists were forced out of Brooklyn, chased out of New York city and across through New Jersey
A game of cat and mouse…
Nathan Hale
Hale was an officer in the army and volunteered for a dangerous spy duty
He was caught and condemned to death His famous last words: “I only regret that I have but one
life to lose for my country.” Men like Hale inspired others to fight for independence.
Win by Surprise…if you can
After countless retreats and being chased, patriot spirits were low-many soldiers deserted
Thomas Paine retreated through New Jersey and wrote The Crisis to encourage Americans to support the army
The Crisis
“These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.”-Thomas Paine, The Crisis
2 minute essay: What is the main idea?
Crossing the Delaware
Washington had The Crisis read aloud to his troops, all the while planning a bold attack
12/25/1776 Washington led 2,400 men across the river in small boats
They were poorly supplied and some of which even had no shoes
Delaware
Early on December 26, 1776 they attacked Trenton from two sides, achieving complete surprise
American Victory!!!
The soldiers at Trenton were Hessians (men from a small German state)
They were among thousands of Mercenaries fighting for the British
One American soldier summed up the battle in these words: “Hessian Population of Trenton at 8 A.M.-1,408 men and 39 officers; Hessian population at 9 A.M.-0.”
Smooth Getaway…
Being followed by the British, Washington used a clever trick to escape
He had his soldiers make camp and make campfires
After dark, most of his men packed up and quietly left
British did not discover the trick until daylight
Saratoga: A Turning Point
The American’s won their first major battle at Saratoga.
Ended British threat to New England Destroyed British hopes of an early
victory Lifted spirits Helped convince Europeans that the
Americans had a chance
Help From Overseas
France wanted to weaken Britain France and its allies, Spain, and the
Netherlands went to war with Britain in Europe Britain had to wage war on many fronts British had fewer troops to spare to fight in
America Marquis de Lafayette, Baron von Steubon,
Casmir Pulaski, Thaddeus Kosciusko Common denominator: they all came from
Europe to help the Americans
Valley Forge
Winter of 1777-78 11,000 Continental soldiers were not sufficiently fed,
clothed, or housed Many lacked shoes, socks, and even pants 1 in 4 were sick Americans responded with supplies 2,000 died; 2,000 deserted Despite the misery, the Colonial army came out of the
winter better trained and prepared for war thanks to General Baron von Steubon (who was neither a Baron or a general)