A Coordinated Grower Trial

5 June 2013

Michigan State University, 2013 1

Controlling Flowering of Ornamental Crops Using Light-Emitting Diode Lamps:

A Coordinated Grower TrialA Coordinated Grower Trial

E ik R kl d Qi MErik Runkle and Qingwu MengDepartment of HorticultureMichigan State University

Previous Research

Objective: Determine how the red : far-red influences flowering of photoperiod-sensitive crops so that LEDs with effective spectra can be developed.

5 June 2013


Previous Research

Manufacturedby CCS, Inc.

Previous Research

5 June 2013


Introduction

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of screw-in LED lamps at controlling flowering of daylength-sensitive ornamental crops in concurrent commercial trialsornamental crops in concurrent commercial trials.

Original plan: To work with CCS to develop a second-generation customized LED for the commercial trials.

Revised plan: Due to higher costs and production limitations at CCS, as well as the recent development pof “flowering lamps”, we used the Philips DR/W/FR LEDs.

Trial Protocol

• Young plants were grown by C. Raker & Sons and shipped approximately one week before propagules were typically “finished”were typically finished .

• Cooperating producers received the young plants in late January, when the days were still naturally short.

• Each company transplanted them into 1801 flats using their standard growing media and grew them following their standard growing practicesfollowing their standard growing practices.

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Trial Protocol

Ornamental crops• Ageratum ‘Hawaii Blue’

Di th ‘T l t C i ’• Dianthus ‘Telstar Crimson’• Petunia ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’• Petunia ‘Wave Purple Classic’• Snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’• Verbena ‘Obsession’• Calibrachoa ‘Callie’• Dahlia ‘Dahlinova Texas’Dahlia Dahlinova Texas

Participating Companies

• C. Raker & Sons (Litchfield, MI)• Center for Applied Horticultural Research at ppAltman Plants (Vista, CA)

• Henry Mast Greenhouse (Byron Center, MI)• Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses (Sunman, IN)• Kube Pak (Allentown, NJ)• Michigan State University (East Lansing MI)• Michigan State University (East Lansing, MI)

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Trial Protocol

• Plants were grown under their standard long-day lighting and under Philips’ DR/W/FR flowering under Philips DR/W/FR flowering lamps.

• At MSU and CfAHR, a 9-hour or natural short day treatment were also provided.

• Date of flowering was recorded Date of flowering was recorded on 12 plants of each variety in each photoperiod treatment.

Kube Pak

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C. Raker & Sons

Long days delivered by:High-pressure sodium DR/W/FR LEDs

C. Raker & SonsVerbena ‘Obsession’Long days delivered by:

High-pressure sodium DR/W/FR LEDs

51 b 59 aDays to flower

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C. Raker & Sons

erD

ays t

o flo

we

CfAHR (Altman Plants)

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Short dayLong days delivered by:

Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs

CfAHR (Altman Plants)Snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’



55 a 48 bDays to flower

46 b

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erD

ays t

o flo

we

Henry Mast Greenhouse

Long days delivered by:High-pressure sodium DR/W/FR LEDs

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Henry Mast GreenhouseCalibrachoa ‘Callie’Long days delivered by:

High-pressure sodium DR/W/FR LEDs

44 NS 46 NSDays to flower

Henry Mast Greenhouse

erD

ays t

o flo

we

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Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses

Long days delivered by:Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs

Krueger-Maddux GreenhousesSnapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’

Long days delivered by:Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs

66 b 74 aDays to flower

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Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses

erD

ays t

o flo

we

Treatment PowerLight intensity(µmol·m-2·s-1)

Short-day controlIncandescent lamps 60 W 2 02

Treatment Design at MSU

Incandescent lamps 60 W 2.02DR/W/FR LED lamps 14 W 2.06



Photos taken at MSU Greenhouse 13

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Hypotheses

• Both lighting treatments will significantly promote flowering of long-day plants compared to a short day.

• The DR/W/FR LED lamp is an effective substitution for the traditional incandescent lamp.

0.02

0.03

ol·m

-2·s

-1)

INC LEDLight distribution (%)

Blue Green Red Far-red

0.00

0.01

400 500 600 700 800

Out

put

(µm

o

Wavelength (nm)

INC 4 14 31 50LED 6 13 35 46

LED Trial at MSU House 13

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Ageratum ‘Hawaii Blue’


40 NS




Ageratum ‘Hawaii Blue’

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Incandescent

Dianthus ‘Telstar Crimson’

DR/W/FR LEDs


51 NS



Incandescent


DR/W/FR LEDs

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Incandescent

Petunia ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’

DR/W/FR LEDs


46 b



Incandescent

Snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’

DR/W/FR LEDs


51 b

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Incandescent

Snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’

DR/W/FR LEDs


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Incandescent


DR/W/FR LEDs


54 b



Incandescent


DR/W/FR LEDs

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Incandescent


DR/W/FR LEDs



Incandescent


DR/W/FR LEDs


53 b

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Incandescent


DR/W/FR LEDs



Incandescent

Petunia ‘Wave Purple Classic ’

DR/W/FR LEDs

53 NSDays to flower

58 NS

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Conclusions

• With a few exceptions, night-interruption lighting from the Philips DR/W/FR LEDs was similarly effective as conventional lamps.

• The three exceptions were:− Verbena at Rakers (delayed under LEDs)− Snapdragon at Krueger-Maddux (delayed under

LEDs)Calibrachoa in 10E at MSU (delayed under LEDs− Calibrachoa in 10E at MSU (delayed under LEDs

Syngenta FlowersAlva, FL

GE Silverneckincandescent

150 watts 240 volts

PhilipsDR/W orDR/W/FR

18 watts 120 volts

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Acknowledgements

• Our cooperators in this grower trial: C. Raker & Sons, CfAHR at Altman Plants, Henry Mast Greenhouse, Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses, and Kube Pak.

• Philips Lighting for subsidizing the cost of the LED flowering lamps.

• Funding provided by the USDA SCRI grant, MSU’s Project GREEEN, and other horticulture companies that

t MSU Fl i ltsupport MSU Floriculture.

A Coordinated Grower Trial

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