Abstract-- Alarming circumstance of global warming boost on the earth generated awareness that, time has come to quick track and catalyzes cleaner, greener urban mobility and this can be a lightning-bar towards an essential change which is as of now seeing development in electric vehicles worldwide and government strategies activating speculations by significant vehicle organizations. India is one of the significant markets for vehicle industry yet at the same time it is far from this idea. This paper discusses various aspects of electrical vehicles in record with Indian market, its issues, support, inspiration and future scope.

Index Terms-- emission, urbanization, vehicle, government, scope.

1. INTRODUCTION

RBANIZATION has caused many effects in people’s life which has made human dependent on

vehicles. As a result, the density of vehicles in city areas is increasing day by day. Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Monoxide are the exhaust pollutants emitted by Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) when fuel like petrol or diesel are used. These pollutants cause several problems like heart diseases, lung disorders, irritation in different parts of body, blood pressure etc. These pollutants also cause harm to animal species. The environmental pollution caused by ICE vehicles like acid rains, ozone layer depletion, air and noise pollutions will affect the habitat not to live life peacefully.

U

Driving atmosphere doomsayers assert that worldwide gas emanations need to decline to 60% beneath the present levels by 2050 if people are to evade calamitous environmental change. Electric vehicles (EV) may include battery electric vehicles (BEV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV). The fundamental thought of the electric vehicle is to lessen the motor size and power for fuel utilization and meet the vital vitality from the without carbon vitality sources like energy components. Battery is the main fundamental problem in BEV. Subsequently, BEV is for the most part reasonable for little electric vehicle for short range, low speed group transportation, in this manner requires just littler battery size. HEV can

Parth Hemendra Pandya is a B.E. 3RD Level Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, India.(E-mail: parthpandya304@gmail.com)

2. Shivani Ashish Dimke is a B.E. 3RD Level Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, India.

(E-mail: shivanidimke96@gmail.com).

address purchasers' issue and has included esteem however cost is the real issue.

2. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARBON EMISSION AT GLOBAL LEVEL

In order to study the climatic impact of an electric vehicles we need to take into consideration the emissions due to vehicle manufacture, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion in power plant, CO2, N2O and CH4

emissions from fuel extraction, transportation, processing, distribution and storage, emissions that arise producing electricity that is lost in transmission and distribution.

Electric vehicle result in more assembling emanations than customary petrol vehicles, and have diminished lifetime mileage, which implies per kilometer driven their assembling emissions are more noteworthy. In this area we have looked at emanations brought about by utilizing electric vehicles as a part of various nations taking into account their principle power source.

Table 1Comparison of carbon dioxide emission in different types

of vehicles.

In the above table 1, for the better comprehension we show the electrical vehicle emanations from every nation as far as what might as well be called petrol and diesel vehicle, utilizing kilometer per liter as the method for depiction.

In the country like India whose main source of electricity generation is coal, grid powered electric vehicles produces almost equal or in some cases more carbon emission than that of petrol or diesel sourced

A Conspectus on Electric Vehicle in India 1). Parth Hemendra Pandya 2). Shivani Ashish Dimke

COUNTRY POWER SOURCE

ELECTRIC VEHICLE

EMISSIONS (g CO2e/km)

PETROL CAR EMISSIONS

EQUIVALENT (kmpl)

DIESEL CAR EMISSIONS

EQUIVALENT (kmpl)

INDIA COAL 370 8 10

UNITED STATES

HEAVY FOSSIL

202 17 19

JAPAN BROAD MIX

175 21 23

CANADA LIGHT FOSSIL

115 37 41

FRANCE LOW CARBON

93 52 56

vehicles. The electric vehicle emission is 370 gCO2e/km and to attend the same amount of emission we will require to use the petrol vehicle with mileage of 8kmpl and that of diesel vehicle as 10kmpl. So the carbon emission caused by electric vehicle is approximately three times as compared to most petrol cars used with mileage of 24kmpl.

3. SCALE OF PROBLEMS

Even with the advancement in the field of electric vehicles, they are various setbacks compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The main problem in the electric vehicle is its battery. The battery life is nearly about 4-5 years so it requires to be changed frequently and also its cost is very high. Second drawback of EV is that its battery needs to be charged frequently as well as its recharging time is also high (6-8hrs). Due to this its total operating and maintenance cost increases. Moreover recharge stations are not easily available in developing countries like India whereas in developed countries like USA and UK, DC supply stations are established at various locations for reducing the drawbacks of charging.

A typical electric car costs around 8 to 10 lakhs which is approximately 2.5 times higher than an entry level fuel efficient car. Also the replacement cost of battery is about 2 to 3 lakhs which will increase the cost of ownership.

4. INDIAN SCENARIO OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

In India two wheeler vehicles are majorly seen on roads compared to four wheeler vehicles as 2W are more time and fuel efficient and ICE driven. Other than the special occasions like marriage ceremony or family gathering, use of 4W is very low. After china, India is the second largest 2W market and will remain the preferable choice of transport till 2035.

Indian government has released its National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020, in 2013 which aims to deploy 4lakh passenger BEVs. If the above goal is achieved then India will restrain importing of 1.2crore barrels of oil and will save the entry of 40lakh tones of CO2 emissions in environment by 2020.

India lacks the support for a large domestic market for EV due to lack of lithium ion reserves. There is no clear policies supporting the supply growth, batteries manufacturing and recycling as the Indian electricity supply mix is dominated by coal and fossil fuels.

Table 2:Registered EV and population of different country in

2013

COUNTRY REGISTERED POPULATION

ELECTRIC VEHICLE STOCK (units)

(In crores)

INDIA 3100 127.7

UNITED STATES

96,602 31.6

JAPAN 30,390 12.7

CANADA 3,106 3.52

FRANCE 13954 6.4

According to the statistical data shown in the table 2, we can conclude that in country like India the population is very high but the registered EV stock is less. Whereas in United States the population is very less in comparison to India but the stock of EV registered is very high. From this we can say that in a highly populated country like India public awareness about environment protection by use of EV or HEV is less. Whereas in United States the public is more concerned about the environment.

For increasing the public awareness, the initial approach of central government of India could be to encourage market players at international level to perform case study for potential locations for the development of EV charging infrastructure and electric vehicle supply equipment. Also for encouragement of EV, the effects on current, transmission and distribution scheme, energy production, density of road traffic, emission level and space required for parking needs to be analyzed. Moreover operation and maintenance of infrastructure installed should be maintained regularly. Instead of direct involvement of government body, private players should be given contracts in order to assure smooth flow of work.

5. SCOPE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA

The market of electric vehicle in India is very less compared to ICE vehicles due to various factors. India has only sold only 1% of EVs in the world over last decade. It’s mainly due to service lags and high cost issues. People in India are more concerned about the mileage, maintenance free, and durability, immediately accessible and service oriented vehicles in the market. Moreover high daily usage of vehicle by the people has caused EV a failure. It has more charging time, less top speed and less speed per charge made the consumers to avoid EV in our country. Also there is lack of government schemes implementation for the motivation of the consumers. And above all the power crises is one of the major reasons which make these chargeable electric vehicles non-usable in our country.

6. CONCLUSION

Due to the urbanization and industrialization the carbon emissions has been increased in environment drastically which has boosted the concept of green in the last decade. EVs has gained much attention over past few years. But in India it faces difficulties due to coal based power source, high cost, population, human behavior and lack of support. Emission of EV is more than average vehicles. To overcome all this problems various steps are required to be taken by the government and private sector for the research and development for various infrastructures, technology and power source. Concept of EV can flourish in India only after the betterment of this problems, motivation and awareness among the people. This concept needs to be developed and researched in India with various projects, case study and research work by government as well as private manufactures as India has many future scope and potential market in vehicle industry.

7. REFERENCES

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