Scholars' Mine Scholars' Mine

Professional Degree Theses Student Theses and Dissertations

1921

A complete coal mine survey A complete coal mine survey

Harry A. Kluge

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A COMPLJS TE COAL I~I :tr~: SUR V1!!Y • ~1'1'"

"

THESI D ,-

Su bmi t t'~'"tl '13:/

Ht;.rry A. Klul£e.

O,:nd1date for Degree Of Engineer of r.lines.-

March 31. 1921.

CONTl!!N'rs.

Pa,ge.

I n t r 0 du c t i 011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Pa.rt I. Fi eld Wor-k.

The Top Survey --------------------------------- 8 The Sh~~ft Plur.1",)il1g --- --- - ---- - --- - -- ----------- 8

The Underground Survey ------------------------- 9

Port II. Office Work.

Th e !i,~D,p - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - "" ..... - - - .. - - - ... - - - - - - - 1 5

The TrfJ,cing .----------- ------ --- - -- - -- -- - - - - --- 17

Part III.

Field Notes ------------------------------------ 19

Pt~.rt IV,

Tr:;Ycrse Sheets ------------------"".------------ 31

B i bliogro.pl'ly ------ --- - --- ---- --- -- ----- - ----- - .. i

I rlclcx .... --.'.' •. ----- .. ----- ...... - .. -----'.-: .... -' .. - .. --- .. -- ...... -- ii

ILLUSTRATIONS

Pa.ge

Fig. 1, Sights in Pe.1r of Entries Seps.rltt.adby

P111a.r ofO.orreot Thickness -----~- .. ----,.--- 11.

J1g. 2. Sigh ts in Pair of Bntr1e s Sepp.rn.ted by

Pill~'r of Incorrect Thickness ------------- 12.

IHTRODU C'TI or:.

As e,n introduction to this th'csie. it would probc~b­

ly be well to .gi ve the laws of the sta.te of I 111noi S 1'e­

lat1,!e,'!Q. mine ma.pe. These 18ws come under "An .Act to

1"8v198 the lows in rele.tion to the c08.1 mine,.;' a,tid. sub­

jects relating thereto. and providing for the health

and eB.fety of persons €np1oyed therein. 'Approved June

6. 1911, inforce July 1, 1911. L. 1911, p. 386."

Section 7 rea.de a.s follows:

(D.) The opera. tor of every coe.1 mine in the Sta,te

shD.ll make I 'or ce.u se to be ma.de. e.n a.ccura.te mo.p or

ple,n of au ch Lline. drnwn to 8. 808.1e not sma.ller tha.n

200 feet to the 1no04 All mee.suremente sha.llbe in feet

£lne: decixna.la of e, foot. On suoh me.p·s she.ll c,ppeo.r the

ne.me of the StrLte. country G.nd township in which the

l;~ine is loco,ted. the denienG.tion of thernine. the nr:.ne

of the compa.ny or owner. the certifi oo.te ot, ,tbe'minit1Q.

engineer or surveyor ~).f3 to the cccurG C:l o;'1d d~~te of,:·tlife

Aurvey, .. tt1,tUlo.rth p·9~1nt .. a.nd ,the ece.le ., whi ch the dro.w-

1ng is ma.de.

SurfD.ce Survey. (b) Such ITID.p orplo:n' she,ll Doc:nil!'­

I3.telyahow the surff-).ce t·Qundary liner; of the coal rights

pert,,1n1ns to •. a,ch mine, a,no 8.11 sections 'or quc,rter­

sect! on';" lineaoroornera w1thinthe SelmG; the lines of

town lots a.nd streets; the tr9,cke e.nd aide-tra.ckeof

(1)

D.l1 r8.ilro,;d~5. r:.nc.. the loce.tion of a.1l Vla.Gon rondr;, riv-

ers, strec·.ms, ponc~ :3. loce.tion nnd depth of holes drilled

for oil, g:)!l or vlntcr tLe:t penetre.te e. worka,ble cOB.1

SeSItl. s,nd the eleve.t i on nbove the cOB.l seam. of any

strean or body of water that T;1it.;ht endanger the mi,n..~.;

UnderGround Survey. (c) li'or the Ullc.i. erc;round work-

inss. said maps shall showell shafts, slopes, tunnels

or other openings to the 8urfo.ce or to the 'workings of

e. contiguous mine; 0.11 excnvn tions, entrieB, rooms D.nd

cross-cuta.;the locB.tion of the fan or furnace c.nd the

dil'eotion of the e.ir currents; the loco.tion of pumps.

~a.uling enGine f3. eng ina pla.ne a, s.ba.ndoned work s, fire

walls and Btandi~g water; and the outcrop line of the

ae~~. i f ~ny ,on the·'·!)!'ope·rty.

The genera.l ou tline of 8.11 8reH.n in whi c11 p111e.rs

oo.ve been dra.wn shi3.l1 be indi Ct.: tee: on t~·lemD.p.

Each underground mop ~lso sholl show. in feet and

de<lima.la thereof, the elevnt_Lon of the floor of the

cool a.tr!l8.F3ona,ble intervcls on the ma.in entries nnd

crOAn entries from the bottom of the aha.ft to the face

of the workingA; such elevations shall be referred to

the floor of the coal at the bottom of the hOisting

sh€!.ft.

Ma.p For Every See.m. (d) A sepe.ra.te and eim11a.r

ma.:p. dra.wn to the ae.me se.a.le. she,ll be me.de of ea,oh and

(2)

every 8e9m, which. c'fter the p(l8~a.ge of this Act, she,ll

be worked in B.ny mine. nnd the me.pa of 3.11 such seBIns

sh8.11 8ho\,! Ell shnftn. inclined pla.ne,s or other pe,ass.ge­

ways connecting the same.

Sepo.rote M:a.p s ~'or The Surface. (e) A sepa.ra.te map

8.1 so aho.ll be m;:~,dc of the f3urfc· CG \!Lenover the Burfa.ce

buildings, lines or obj ects D,re 80 numerous D,S to ob­

scure the dete.iIs fo the mine workings if dre.wn upon the

same sheet wi th them, s.nd in such case the aurface me.p

she.ll be drawn on tra.napa,rent cloth or pEJper. so that

it oan be ls.1d upon the me.p of the underground workings,

nnd thus indicHte the relation of linea vnd objections

'on the aurfa.oeto the,e:xcavs:tiona of 'the mine.

The Dip. (i), lJa·cnrne.p 8h8.11 a.180,' show by profile

drs.wing fi,nd meElsurernente. in feet B.nd dec1ma.ls thereof.

the ri se E.tnd dip of the seDIn from the bottom of the

Bhnft in either direction to the face of the workings.

CopieB For Inspectors Gnd Recorders. (g) The ori-

t~inf).l ortcrue copies of 9.11 suah mH.ps she.ll be kept in

the offic~ at the~ineJ and one true copy thereof shall

be furnished to the Sto.te inspector of mines for the

district in which sc),id mine is loce.ted. B.nd one aha.ll be

filed in the offi ce of the recorder of' th~ county in

whi oh themine1a lo,oa~ed. within ,thirty daye a.fter the

(3)

completion of the A?j.~.e. 'rhe r.1t.ps 60 delivered to the in­

spector and to the recorder s118.l1 rems.in in the custody

of said inspector 8n~ recorder during their respective

terms of office. clnd be delivered by them to their succes­

ore in offi ce. They aha.ll be kep t B,t the office of the

inspector nne. of the recorder. nne. "be open to the exam.

ine.tio·n of B.ll persona intereeted in the 8e.1:1e, but such

eXD!:1ine.tion she.ll be nUlde only in the presence of the in­

spector or the recorder. Neither the inspeotor'nor the

county reo,order she,ll permi t B.ny copies of the same to

be me.de wi thou t the wri tten oonsent of the operator or

the owner of the property.

The county recorder she.ll properly index such map a,s

part of the title reoord of the property affected.

A oopy of eEJ.ch n1e.p ~)nd exten ;:d OYU::, to the seme .hell

be furn1 shed the mi ne re f·jCU e ;jt~lti on comr:1i 8s1on for use

in conneotion with rescue work only.

Annua.l Surveys. (h) An extension of the In.st preoe­

ding survey of every mine in act1 ve operD.tion Bha.ll be

InfJde once 1nevery twe'lve months prior to July 1. of ev­

ery year. and the results of said survey, with the date

thereof sha.ll be promptly vna nccurs,tely 'entered upon

theo:rr,1g1ne.l mfJ.ps and all copies of the se,rne,BO a.a to

show8.11ohe.ri;gefJ'1n"plan or new work';1n themine. a,nd all

.( 4)

e'cte:·Lsion.s of the old v,orkingB to the IGOf3t ;.dvD.nced fa.ce

or bounda.ry of se.id workings which hElve 'L,e(~n ;·~~.'.,de f:'lince

the In,st preceding survey. The Sta.te inspector. the

county recorder e.nd the rescue ete,tion oommission she.ll

be furni shed wi th D CO;)Y of the soid extended ma.p or of

Abe.ndoneeJ !.:ines. (i) V/l'1en 8.ny coul mine l~:) worked

ou t or is abou t to be nbandoned or indefini tely clo sed.

the opere.tor of the BD,i:e shall mo.lee, or couse to be rna,de.

A. fino.l survey of such r:'line; to show the entire worked

out s.rea, when the mine was closed, and the results of

th •. lame sha,ll be duly e~t:tended on 13.11 mo.ps of the mines

8.nd copies thereof herein required to be filed. The

shaft. slope or drift opening into D.ny such a,bandon.d

mine she.ll be kep t securely ene10 sed.

3peciel Survey. (j) '£1'1e Stc.\te in~;ipector of mines.

or theSto,te Mining Eoa.rd, may order D. survey to be ~{~1L:.de

of the workings of s.ny mine in [iddi tion to the reL,JUle.r

anriua.l survey, the re sul ts to be extended on the tlD.p s of

the ss.rue B.nd the copies thereot. whenever the. se.fety of

the workmen. unlawful inj ury to th e f3urfaoe. unle.v:ful

encroaohment upon adj oininG property. or the se.fety of

e,n a.dJ o1nit1,.~inerequ1reB 1 t.

If the ste.te ,. inspector of mines of the Ste.te Mining

:Board she.ll believe B.ny ma.p required by thi 8 Acit'''., rna­(5)

\

terio.lly in:-:;ccurr.;.te or ir:1per····ect. theSt;~lte inr;pector or

stD.tc :~ining :Boerc~. i8 D.uthorizecl to L1D.ke. or cause to 'be

Tn:J.d.e. 8. correct nurvey D.nd ma.p s.t the expense of Lhe op-

era.tor. the cost recovere.ble as for debt, provided if

. such test surveys GhowfJ the opera.tor' a ma.p to 'be orr.ot.

the St8.te shall liO lir,l)le for the eXl)enf)e incurred, pe,y-

s.ble in such r.1o.nner a.s other sts.te e.ccounts incurred by

the State Mining Board.

Pena.lties For Fnilure. (k) If D.n opere.tor of s.ny

mine refu se f3 or wilfully negle ct fi. for D. period of three

monthe. to furnish the sB.id Sto .. te inspector, the county

recorder end the mr=lnr3ger of the re seue ate.tiona thema.p·

or plnn of such uine. or H copy· thereof J or of the exten-

aione thereto. as provided for in th1~ Act. euah oper.;.~

tor she.ll be deemed guilty of e. misdernee.nor, B.nd onoon-

viction thereof sho.ll be fined not le~s than ·t~n dollars

nor !.lore tha.n one hundred doll~lrA. in the di aeretion of

the court, B.nd she.ll ste.nd cormni tted to the ooun ty j B.il

until such fine ia pa.id. s.nd,in 8.dd1tion thereto. the

St8.te inspector or Ste,te Mining Boe.rel is hereby au tho-

rized to noke. 9r t b ', CDU se o"e mr}Cle, L.n u.ccurnte r:18.'0 or

pla.n of such nine D.t tho e~{:LJen;;c of the operu.tor thereof; .

B.nd the ·co at of the S81.1e L10y "be r.e covere d by le.w from the

operator in the sanle ma,nner a.s 0 ther debts by sui t. in

the neme of theSta.te" insp-ector or the Sta.te J~ining Boe.rd.

(6)

filed 1JY him or the boe.rd, one es.oh with said recorder

8nu jr.:ine Rescue Corrunission. (Amended by ActJ approvec1

June 28, 1915; info,rce July 1. 1915; L. 1915. p. 505.

The ~e la.wa a.re bu t in very few oe,se s stri ctJ.y e,d-

hered to in r1Hking the ma,pe. For insto.nce very few

maps. if D,ny. show the eleva.tion of the seaI:l ot rea,-

sonoble intervals. o.nd nre e.ccornpo,nied by a. profile. 8,S

referred to under (0) and (f).

( 7 )

PAnT I

The 'rap Survey.

Very little e~q>lf3.nation will lJe necessary in regards

to the top work. as the field note~ themselves are self-

from the bafle line at the :3hDft. (A-B; see notes on

Ahort :plUl'11Jil1;.;). The azimuth method we.e used. In cases

where no stone cr)ulc1 be f'oundt-\,t the cornerrl. fence cor­

ners were uRed instead.

The ShG.ft Plumbing.

The twO··$haft system W[ f:l llsed in o,:.rrying the line

undergrou.nd. The fa.n wns stoPl'ed. 8,nd f;I. wire sUGpe~;,ded

in the;a.1r.ahttft froJn e, hee,vyt11I'lQer, thrown D(~rOSf~ the

(:~1 rlft f}nd spiked dO\lIln. l'he DDJ'ile wa.s done 8.t ~them[l.in

shs,ft, being c8reful :.J.ere that the wire did not come in

cont:.:~ct wi th th8 ;)h;~ft ti:Jl;ering. B,nd o.lso thrlt it d.id

not interfere 'wi th the cD.ge rJ1ovin,~~ up (J,nd down. No. 20

G ~:U Gee 0 p:p e:r.· wi re . W:'" r: u ned wi t ff .a.lrOQ;,t1~t]~·, f'C!l':1. t 0 f fin e

steel \vire O.t the bottom end.jl·ghtpound SRsh vtligh ts

(8)

were used, flnd thene pe.rtly submer~.~ecl i:'l light oil.

The preliminary prel)s.ra.ti ons hDving teen completed.

the survey 'uctween the wires on top ·we.s made. The party

then moved to the sh~tt bottom. e.nd eta.tiona 1 and 2

were, set in the hea,vy 12 x 12 timber s wi th whi ch the bo t-

tom i B timbere<..~. As soon D.S tile wire s stoppe (] swinging

the underground tr[-J.ver ::ie be tween tbe two wire S WBB run

with 1 to 2 tl.RSUr.1ed ['IB','beinu; north.

The tre.verse sheets gi ve the ca.lcula.tions B.nd ex:-

plD.in how the true bee,ring of 1 to 2 wa.s determined.

The Underground Survey.

Th e fJ e am 0 f co 8.1 e. t th is;: 1i n e i 8 81:) '.)U t fi ve fee t 1 n

thickcnsB. The botton ia of cley, D.nd the top of very

be d :?late 'whi ch break f3 Ul) a.nG crumble f3 Boon after the . .

co[~.l haG been mined out frau ulldt:r it. ::nd it becomes

exp 0 se cl to the ai r. 1'hi~::; ne ce 8 si ta.te 8 D. large a.mOUl1 t

of tim'bering. Oross b:·)rs sup ortec l,iY propf3 c:.re Det

8. i;ou t ei gh te en i nche A ~1P B,r t e.long 9,11 en tri e ~'1 o.nd down

the center line of the rooras. I,n ms.ny oases l(J.g(~ing is

p la.ced above th e ero ss lH).r s after H fe.ll l1c;'lS OGcurred or

the top hB.~:i l)eejl brun:'~ed to get more height. From fi ve

to eight inoh timber' 1 a used for thi 8 Ylork. III :.:' 1 CD­

sea Where: s.ri:eJl·.!ry~. room. Qr ,~l;o.a.a-ou t 1 aturhedQ(f';~'

. en t.:ry. e. 00 l1a.r ··~S.~,.\~A ,se't.· Th.:fJ·.,:ar.~·.·::IU sU~;~ly.,.t,'t~h1nQ~

(9)

twelve inch timber eX0e~t for cross cuts that ore not

The entries are (11"i ven nine feet wide wi th B. thirty

foot pillar between. qroaa cuts are also driven nine

feet wide. The s:pecifica.tlons for rooms in mechlne·t' •. ·r~

ritory s.re thflt the~/ be turned on fifty-three foot cent-

erst wi th H nine foot neck. B.nd widened to twenty-eight

feet. In 801i d territory they ere to be turned on for;-ty

eigh t foot center s. wi til an eigh t foo t neck t 8.nd wi-

dened t()~.enty-eight feet.

The underground ~Jurvey weB st~lrted D.t ntfi.tion2;f

U Ril1.· .. ~ stntion 1 ; :~ n b[J d:{sight. The B.zimuth method of .. '

tr8.vernin.; wr, s used throughout. Sta.t1ons were set B.a

fa.r ape,rt as -polei ble alons ,tne ma.in entri·es.the fiO~r'!I

;s1'aQ,t rodman gOi'ng D.hea.d to the g~eate~t dip.ntS.lhle e:t

which he could sel..;) the li~ .. ;[Lt nt t~lC instruY!lent, e.nd set-

;t1ng 8.etat1on a.t thif3 pOint. ThiA 1'1ethod wne followed

until the mouth of the first workin/; stuL entry W,lB

rea.ohed,s,twbiQn ·.poin~.,~nd at 0.11 stub entries after

thi s. B. sto.tion ne.~es$s,r11y hod to be f3et. Wi th the

instru::lent set up s.t s. sts.tion s,t t! stuC) entry. one fltS.-

'ion.was set in the stub entry B,nd the sightte.ken on it.

ofterthe station' ehee,d in the me.in entry hU,d been set

B.nd sighted on. As the mea.surements between the eta.tiona . (10)

were ts.ken the plufi88f: 01' tl'~e crofH)-r~U.t~) Y.rC:'':'G noted.

It W(.:S neCeSS[:lry to set sights B .. t the fHee of the

21 t;nd 22 ~:)fJt entries. To do this. Sta.. 218 (~"ig.l)

we.8 set e.t the cross-over nea.r the fa.ce. W1thth.. in­

strument set up P.t Sta .• 218, two spo.ds were lined!.

FI G. I.

Dbout three feet a.part on on HziLlUth of C~O decrees.

They \7ere fie t ~11)ou t t\','en t:l feet frolfl the ft~ce t HS were

e 11 si £;;h t f> 1 n thi 8 survey. excep t where 0 therwi ee no te d.

The rec.r one of these two spade we,a talc en as theets,t$:'on

find mesAured to. The noteA show this, the statlon,.lii1,ng,;

deeignD.ted by e r;n(} the f3iCh t Ly + . The oondition of

the timbers holding the two spa.ds being the eam •• it was

roD de a. genera.l ru 1 e to me,k e the rear one the s ta. ti on •

Thi'i'Oompi"_:'~S.th" eights tQr the 21 Ee.st. the vernier

p1e, te olAmp we.s' tOGs.~.4i"'fu\d the tele scope swunG around

and a si gh t taken on the g,pproximt),te po :~d tion of Sta..

220. The verni er reo,dine :[..",ve tile C,ZiI~lU th. Wi th thi s

b •• ~~ni· 8,8 a, b8.ais. and wi th the 8,10. of a pocket tra,verse

tabt •• '(.;taft~~(i ,181d Tables. Genera.l La,nd Offioel the

dis ts.nc.;n.o.&.I~rrtQ get, 8. la. ti tu de ofapproxima te,;Li:;,,'3? (11)

iuted. Sto .• 220 V/D.B tllen set ('It this distnl1c.e from Stat

218. ]'rom Ste,. 220, Stci,. 281 B.nd the sigh t \Vere lined

in on an 'azimuth of 90 degrees.

The 'method of mnking the survey of the S"tul:.t~.n;'tt!i.8

WD.S pr1~;.cticD.ll./ t:le 8DJ.le os in the J:18.in entry. The line

we.s c;),rricu. .l: .. only 011e of R, !lair ot entries. the other " \

en try bein:~ located by linea th%!ough a.ll oro$s-oyers B.nd.

open oroes-au te. In m..oa.auring:'b'etween' $t~.tio"t'ls~: :"t·h.,

plu"s distances of the rooms a.s. well [lS the croas-,cuts

ha.d to be noted. The 1st a.nd 2nd South. and the~·,d ·~n¢

:4th South en.;;'t.rfeB he.v1ng been atoppe<1 1 twas notl1eQ"'~

~Dry to set sights in these. In 8.11 the Q,ther stub" en.

trl e s ai fjh ts were se t. Thi s wa.s done in th e aF.l.me manser

as expl"ir.e A .f"~~ :th:e2'1"t an. 22ndEe.st atrie:'3.

,rhEl:;;:~rde.nd 4th stubs presented ':a

al'tuation whi ch i f3 no t untJommo'ft':fo,r "one t,Q encounter in rl1B.king e. survey of a.

I1tlne whi ch ha.A been neglected in re-, ,

ge.rds to sigh tA for som(:time. On set-

t ing up G.t stat. 34 (Fi·6. 2), e.nd 81 gh t-

ien tow~rd8 the f~ce it WD.A seen that

o degrees from this st~tion. Sta. 35

was set near the face in the center of

the entry. and a. sight to.ken on i t·~ .. nd

.. (12)

the d i 8 t an c e 1'.1 e a SU, red. S t G. 4~2 VI c. ;.; the n set in th e c en,.

ter of the 0 ther en tr.,>,. a.nd the tra.ver se extended to it,

Hs.vil1,i set up tile instruJ':ent B.t Sta~ .• 2. on sighting t()~

wa.rda the faoe. it was a.ga.in 8eent.n"i'~< sights oould not",

be set. so Sta.. 43 wa.a set. sighted on. flnd mea.sQ.redto.

With the Hid of the tra.verBe to.ble the tr~;verse 35-34-

4~Z-43 we.s fiG'Ured for deprJ,rtures. and the differenoe in

t.o ta.l departure between Sta.. 35 B.nd Stf3.. 43 found to be

50 ft. This being 11 ft. too much. 1 twas neoeaae.ry

the.t eights be Bet which would bring the 'entries togeth­

er. From Ste .• 43, e. sight wa.e lined in on e.n s.zimuth of

o degr~~en. ]'ro~1 ste}. 35, sights were lined in on Cln a.z-

imuth of 5 degrees. For an angle of 5 degrees and a de-

porture of 11 ft. the distance is 127 ft. An order was

g1 yen the m1ne flFl.n:",;;er to stop the 3rd North entry s.t 130

:ft. froln Sta. 35 until the sights were changed.

After the traverse work in the entries w;;.)~ completed.

";n,',~r\IOlma were mes,sured. the di st:)t1ce to the center of

ee,oh:"';crO'Ba-cu t belng no ted.

In kee-ping thenotes the system used VH1S chosen l)e­

ca.use of its airnp11city 8.nd COTl1pe.ctness. On the left

tJe.nd. pa,ge we ha.ve the troverf;e. Dnd on the right hand

pa.ge the sketch showing the loca.tion of the ete.tiona,

the cross-cuts. and the rooms. All places stopped are

shown by s' line dre.wn a.crose e.t 'bmrf-e.ce, while the work-

(13)

ing place. ere left open for further extention. The

left hend page aleo shows the dist~nce of each station

from themou th of the entry in the entry in which the

ma.in tra.verse i e ca.rried. Two co1umnse.re left ble.nk.

The se, if the work of extending the survey a.nd setting

8i ghts is to l)e continued s.fter the survey. cnn be noed

for tote.l lnt1tudes s,nd departures of the ste.tions. Hc.v­

ins the se le,ti tuclea e.l1d depa.rtl1res in the note book som.e­

times se.vea a lot of time B,nd trou"ble in the way of fl~;

trip to the oftioe and baok a.gain.

The Fly ster.1 of number! ng the stD. ti ons w().s to u ae the

number of the entry with conf3ecut1ve numbers from 0 to

9. For inst.s,noe 8.11 ete.tiona in the 21st East would ·be

given numbers from 21()to~e19,~ .• e.nd .. inth. i&,th North :fro~

40 to 49.

lL4 )

PART II

0)1'];' I OJ.!! WORK.

The l.1e,p.

The first thing considered in Lioking the ma.p W8,S

the size of the puper. Thi a Wf).H fieured on the bt~,eia ot

o flce.le of 200 feet to the inoh. whioh is the common

sen,le u sed in rn6ne mill' Vlork. A good W9.;,r to do thi sis

to ~ketch the bounda,ry on.a. :;>1 •. 00 of sor's.p pa.:p.r~ B.nd

figure the diff.renot in la.ti tude or depe.rtureb.'t;wttt1

the two extremes in each direction. Reduce the:·:;e:,dJ; .••

t9.noost"o inohes by di v1dlngby':tWo hundred. s,ndmak .• ':

nott of the d1 strlnces on the sketch. Allow,twO or three

1fl'Ohes c(lditiorlc).l for eaoh side nnd cutth,6'pEl,per to

tbia eize. now figure fran the tota.l coord1ne,te 'of the

extreme point and the distance decided on for margin

hO~ll fBr from. the edge the first coordine,te line will

come. To this dl eta.nee add some raul tiple of five inche B

enough to iitrig :.tl1;ei, TJoint nea.r the ,')enter of the pa.per.

Thr~uil·l,t,b.1s ,pGl.,nt a.nd a.8 ne;J,r pD,r';~111el to the edGe

soal.d fftom8;s' j)'oj)!l.''bte dra.w D. line across the paper ..

N.xt'figure the ooord1ns',teline from ell ad~'8Cel1 t edg,e . in'

~i5)

the S9l":1e mnnner. 8n(';, ext0n(~ to the eenter of ' the :paper

along the line drawn. At this paint errect a perpendi­

cular to this line by some geome,trio, metl1od.'From theee

lines dra.w lines at intervals of five inches, ink them

with 8 fine line, nnd nt the edge of the pa,perletter

the di strlnce they represen t. 'fhe po.per 1 s now prepared

for starting the map. In all the following work a scale

of forty parte to the1nch WB.S U ned. th1 s ma,king each

ama.ll dl vis! on equal to f1 ve fee t.

First the boundD.ry [lnc1 property linen v!ere drnwn.

the corner;:; be ins p le\ t te d by thei r coordinr te s. 1'he

townFihip line \i". c· . .( .) n1D.de a hee.vy brolren line to di stin-

~-::ni sh it fron tr~e other lines. The roads were shown by

':"i:1e l.)roken lines. The names of the property owners

v:ere prin ted ner!r the center of their property. The co-

ordinates of, the cornero and the bearings of the lines

were put "on the ms.p for convenience 8.S a,.qu1ok~.ference.

,~hj,e completing the surfa.c. lines. e,ll the under­

ground $,titSiefU5.re.then: platted. a. sms.il circle dre.wn

a.round th.m.e;n<1·gQ~'~ted by S, fine b'roken·l ine .!hi,s

,we.a first done \vi th pencil G.nd then inked wi th colored

;:~nk. ~h. number of the st8tion vn's noted nenr it.

l~.xt the ~~;.s.Qu. tn £1.nd room ne'cks were aCB.led anq.

the entries sketched D.ccordinc to the 1:1ec':3urer!lent given

in the fi e;td notes. The rooms were thel! ,)cded. and f~-

(16 )

nolly everything inked. Numbering the rooms Dnd th. ert-

tries cO~1pletec the clothba.ck ms.p.

The TrB cing.

A pieee of trocinc cloth waR c~ut a.buut thes1ze of

the cloth ·.)~'e}: mn}). Dl1C: tD.8kec' dovln over it. With pen

and ink everything on the map W28 traced on tracing

cloth e;~cept the ate.tiona. the coordino.tef:l of the corners.

and the beerings of the boundary lines. Wi th :'J pencil,

8. line WG.S tre.ced of the trD.verse in tile ~~[Jirl Earth B.nd

the 21st Ee.f~t entries. The tre.ding we.a then removed D.nd

·ple.cec over e.n old ms.p in order that the s.ba.ndonecl s,nd

enucceBsible workings could be c.dded. These had to be

:l:'i tted in the best WfJY possible, using the penciled tre,.

verse line end the places that had holed throll 1 to the

old 'workings 8.S 8 gui cle. ArroY/f-; showing the .course the .

01 r tra.vell eo YJere th en I)U t on the tro.cing. On this tre.o-

t_~;::$A:'Y were T)tl t on wi th ink to mDJ~e them perm8nent l

but 1·n_-'i:ng e, t·r.a.cins; the.t is to be extclioec": ye,;r s.f­

ter yeer 1 t'ls well to put these e.rrOWSQl1 VJi th e. Boft

lead pencil. os the course of the nir may bj 6hanged,

and in such e. OS.Be the e.rrows could eD.8ily be' e:.-o.:'icc. c.Y'.d

oha.nce d to carr e Flpond.

Only the ·tl.,.tl ..••.. :,a.nd,:.tb. ,a.rrow showin'3 the north point

were D.l1 the.t were now left to drFJw ... ,:ciri the trD.cing. uot

(17)

too much CD.re 08.n be te.~el'l in the nw.king of e. neat title.,

The ti tle was fir Bt cir8,wn on coordin,),te p~;per I the COOl'­

dinFl,te line ~:: serving D,n [:.;11 8,id in lJlockinc ou t the let­

ter s. Then 1 t We; s tr()'ced on to t~'Le tre.cing~'-On the

a.da! t10n of the o.rrow, the tra,cin(; wos complete.

(le)

PART III

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PART IV

TRA Vj!!R ~3E SIIJllii:Tf3.

(Gurder~' s Tr[I,Ver ::c r~'(}'i; le;J U Bed in

ctllculD.tins lsti tudes and dep8.rtures).

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BIBLIOGHAPHY.

Conl },1iner' a Pocketbook.

The 008,1 flnd 1jte tal Miners Pocket Book. I. C. S.

M1ninB .B:ng,ineers Han~book, By RobiJrt Peele.

IIe.nd book for Surve:lorB. By lKerrima,n H,nd 13D»Gka.

Am.erioan Civil Engineer's Pocket J30ok. By Merrima.n.

Tneory [~l1d Pro ctice of Surve~ying. By J ohnaon s"nd Smi ttl.

~.!1ne SUrveyinG. Dy E. B. Durham.

Plane Surveying, ByP. c. Nugent.

A Text-book of Pla.ll~ Surveying. By W. G. Ra.ymond.

Field a.ndColliery Surveying. By F. A. O'Donohue.

The .ll:lelihantpl of Gurveying Cind Geode::3Y, TIy W. 0. I'opple­

well.

INDEX •

. A ba,ndoned a.nd Ine,ccesai r)le Workings --------------- 17

Air, Course of ------------------------------------ 17 Bounde.ry t

Field Notes ---------------------------------- 19,20

K:app ing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16

Survey of -------------~--------------------~-~ 8

Coordinote Line. ---------------------------------- 16

l!:ntries.

Mapping --------------------------------------- 16

Pillar between -------------------------------- 10

Sigh t s to chD,nt~i1 --------------- ---- ------- 12

Survey of ------------------------------ .. ---- ....... 10

~i('. th ........ ' .... - ..... - ... ------ _ ......... ----- ... ------ - ...... - ...... ----- .. 10

Field Notes (See Notes ).

LotitudeR one! Deportures (See Tra.verse Sheets).

Laws.

Aba.ndoned Mines -------- -- --- - -- - -- - ---- ------- 5

Copies tor Inspectors and Recorders ----------- 3

D1 p - .. - - - .. - - - .. - - - - - - - - - ~ ... ~' ......... - ....... - - - ...... ' .' ... ' -. - .......... - - - 3

Elevations --~--------------------------------- 2

Ext.nei on of 14a.p ---------- ------- ------------- 4

'Ma.p for every Seem ---------------------------- 2

Pena.l tie s for Fs,1·1ure ----------------------- -- 6

La.wa.

lIB,P.

Profile --------------------------------------_ 3

q t"\ " ~ 1.:' 0 f "j'.'" .. ' n,n, ~w· - v~ ---------------------------------- 1

(~n '" ... i '"' , (,'u r ~I 0 . r ~"".t .... ',... CI.!. ... J . \ .. oJ -----~~-~---~--~-----~---~~~--~~ 5

Surface. SQP~J.l"Lte 11hps for -------------------- 3

3urfnc~ Survey -------------------------------- 1

Title, COlt1position of ------------------------- 1

Underground SurvQY ---- - ---------- -- ----- -- ---- 2

Scale used ------------------------------------·15

Size of Paper --------------------------------- 15

notes.

Method of keeping ----------------------------- 13

Surfe.ce Survey - lTorth BoundD.ry --------------- 19

Surf$,ce Surv\3Y - EO.At J~ounde.ry ---------------- 20

She.ft PlumbinG - Top -------------------------- 21

3htl ft Plumtinc - Bottom ----------------------- 22

Main liorth ------------------------------------ 23

21st e.nd 22nd Eo,at -_.------------------------- 24

let e.nd 2nd North "--~---------~--~----------~~ 25

1st a.nd 2nd South ---~-------~-----------------26

3rd vnd 4th Horth -----~----~--~~-~----~------- 27

3rd o.nd 4th South -~--~--~--~-----------~--~--- 28

5th f),nn 6th l~orth ---~------~-.----------~-~--- 29

5th find 6th South -~--------------~-------~---- 30

Plumbing Sh2ft t

Calculetions (See Traverse Sheets)

llethod of ------------------------------------ 8

NoteA ------------------------------------- 21.22

Size of Wire .. uAed ---------------------------- 8

Weights used --------------------------------- 8

Rooma.

D i 8 t [l,n c e b'i t VI Q en· - - - - - •• - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

Mapping -.---------.--.----------------------- 16

!1QQsuring ------------------------------------ 13

Wid,th ----- .. - .. -- -- -- -- - - ~ .. - .. - - - ---- ..... __ ........ _ ... - --- 10

Width of Neck --.----------------------------- 10

8cal~ of Map ------------------------------------- 15

(Alao OQil La.ws)

Sta,ti on s.

Method of setting -.----.----------.-.-------- 10

Numbering ------------------------------------ 14

Platting ------------------------------------- 16

Surfn.ce Survey -- -- -- - - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - - - -- -- ------- 8

(Also see Laws)

Thickness of Seam -------------------------------- 9

Timbering,

Method of --------------------"---------------- 9

Size of timbern ------------------------------ 9

Title (Also see Laws) ---------------------------- 17

Top, Kind of 9

Top Survey --------------------------------------- 8

'rr [) c in r: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 7

'frnver fie

TrnverRe

Shee t:l

trsbles

31-42

11.