A compilation of sociology lectures

By: DR. LIZA E. DAOANIS

“Everybody has a vocation to some form of life-work. However, behind that call (and deeper than any call),

everybody has a vocation to be a person to be fully and deeply

human in Christ Jesus.” 

― Brennan Manning,

“The place God calls you to is the place where your deepest

gladness and the world’s deep hunger meet”.  

--- Frederick Buechner

LESSON 1

TOPIC: MAN’S CALLING IN LIFE

CONSECRATED LIFE

Married Life

Single Blessedness

Man’s ……. Everyone who is baptized is called to a

life of holiness. All the faithful of Christ are invited to strive for the holiness and perfection of their own proper state.

The Christian faithful, inasmuch as they have been incorporated in Christ through Baptism… are called to exercise the mission which God entrust – to the Church to fulfill in the world, in accord with the condition proper to each one.

In the Church, there is diversity of ministry but unity of mission. All the vocations are directed towards the building up of the Body of Christ .

CONCLUSION

By virtue of our baptism, we should recognize that the vocation to love is a calling for all that is realize in each of the states of life.

In response to God’s call, everyone should exercise a sincere effort to develop one’s character after that of the Lord Jesus Christ. We should set aside a specific portion of the day for prayer.

PAPER OUTPUT

IN A WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER, Visualize “ HOW YOU SEE YOURSELF TEN YEARS FROM NOW (VISION OF ONESELF) ” thru drawing.

Below your drawing WRITE a resolution on how you will attain your vision in the future

Assignment for next lesson

1. Make a research on the characteristics of today’s youth according to Blessed John Paul II.

1. which of them do you find strong in you? 2. How could you harness them for doing good for

others now and later as a professional what concrete activities are you regularly doing to

take of your spiritual growth aside from Sunday Mass?

How effective are they in easing the burdens of your current student life?

Lesson 2

Topic: PERSONALITY GROWTH AND MATURITY

Classroom Group Activities

In a group of 8, share what you have written in your auto-biographical project.

Guide questions for group discussions 1. what are your strengths and weaknesses. how do

these characteristics affect your relationship with other people?

what common concrete activities are you regularly doing to take of your spiritual growth aside from Sunday Mass?

How effective are they in easing the burdens of your current student life?

As a group, what particular actions are you going to do to harness and develop these characteristics into positive actions in your daily events of life?

*Select a facilitator to share your discussion output in class. Or you may dramatize /role play your discussion output.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE YOUTHBy: Pope John Paul II

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE YOUTH

By: Pope John Paul II

1. Critical youth

it is a critical youth which, having considerably increased its cultural assets, is logically led to think more, to reflect, to judge;

2. Demanding youth

. it is a demanding youth which, though it may sometimes exaggerate and succumb to personal selfishness, wants and claims honesty, truthfulness, justice and consistency;

3. Suffering youth

it is a youth that suffers from the contradictory nature of the ideologies that impinge upon it, and from the continual emptying of ideals which it witnesses;

4. Questioning youth

it is a questioning youth which wants to account for what is happening, which looks for the meaning of its own life and thesignificance of the history of man

5. Anxious the Truth

it is a youth anxious for truth, ideals for which to live, responsibility, moral beauty, innocence and joy.

POpe John Paul II stressed that:

“Christ is the truth and only the has words of eternal life!”

To the young who are thirsty for joy, beauty and love, you will reply with St. Augustine:

“Only truth brings happiness.” “Happiness is to enjoy truth. This is, therefore, joy of Thee, who are Truth, O God, my light, my salvation, O my God. This is the happiness for which everyone longs, and this is the only happy life that everyone wants, this is the joy that everyone desires: the joy of truth” (Confession).

Relationship Between Growth and Maturity

To succeed in our relationships, we should follow the Savior’s example by striving for growth in our physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual lives.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION: 1. what does it mean to be mature? 2. What is the difference between aging and

maturing? 3. what are the characteristics of a mature and

immature person? How does these help or hinder a lasting relationship?

Differences between Aging and maturity

Aging belongs to the body. Everybody is aging, everybody will become old, but not necessarily mature. Maturity is an inner growth. Aging is nothing that you do, aging is something that happens physically. Every child born, when time passes, becomes old. Maturity is something that you bring to your life -- it comes out of awareness. When a person ages with full awareness he becomes mature. Aging plus awareness, experiencing plus awareness, is maturity.

PERSONAL GROWTH AND MATURITY

“It seems to me that the most successful program of complete youth fitness ever known to man was described in fourteen words … : ‘And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature and in favor with God and man.’ There is the ideal of any program of youth fitness, to help our youth increase in wisdom and stature and in favor with God and man. It covers everything: physical fitness, mental fitness, social fitness, emotional fitness, spiritual fitness” (… So Shall Ye Reap [1960], 140).

*Elder Ezra Taft Benson

Jesus characteristics

Jesus increased in We need to grow

wisdom Mentally and emotionally: make decisions in Gospel principles, take personal responsibility

stature Physically: observe sound health practices, have confidence in our abilities

Favor with God Spiritually- live Christ -centered lives

Favor with man Socially: be unselfish, serve others

Dimensions for Maturity

Physical Psychological Social and Cultural Spiritual

Personal growth is a key to building lasting relationships.

Indicators of Maturity

Mental - controls thoughts, falls challenges, resolves problems Physical - controls actions, demonstrates reseilience, and continuing efforts

Emotional - stability, honesty and selfless

service Social - cares about others - responsible, considerate and kind

A. Predisposing Factors : PERSONALITY GROWTH AND MATURITY

1. Hereditary -the transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring

2. Environment- the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

3. Education - the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.

4. Sacramental Grace- a special help which God gives, to attain the end for which He instituted each Sacrament.

Characteristics of a Maturing Person

1. Prayerful and humble2. Morally upright: self-disciplined, just and

courageous3. Responsible: competent, committed,

decisive, faces consequences, penitent4. Loving: forgiving, compassionate,

respectful and helpful5. Self-sacrificing: patient, preserves in

doing good6. Full of Christian hope In what ways can each of these qualities

increase the likelihood of success in marriage?

Creedal Statement

Education of the moral conscience began at home by the parents is a lifelong project of the human person endowed with reason and free will.

Sanctifying grace, the gratuitous gift of God’s life to us, is infused by the Holy Spirit into the soul to heal it of sin and to sanctify it. Moved by grace, man turns toward God and away from sin.

Creedal…

It is within the embrace of the family where virtues infused by the Sacraments are nurtured and protected. The child gets his first experience of God in the love and authority of parents who teach him to live as member of they community of faith.

Summing up all the perfections in man, it is living a moral life that bears witness to his dignity of person because true freedom is pursuing perfection by seeking and loving what is true and good. The virtues make possible ease, self-mastery and joy in leading a morally good life because all the powers of the human person are open to and in communion with divine love.

LESSON 3

FULLY HUMAN IN SEXUALITY

Questions for quiz 1

1. what is your understanding about human sexuality?

2. what is own definition of the word sex?

3. What does true gender equality mean? 4. What is your idea of the term

“androgyny”? 5. Can man choose his sex at will?

Explain your answer.

THEOLOGY OF THE BODY

A S U M M A R Y OF T H E

THEOLOGY OF THE BODY BY BLES. JOHN PAUL II

“God created man in his image; in the divine image he created him; male and female he created them.”

(Genesis 1:27)

Focusing mainly on the Biblical teaching

that we are made in the image of God, the Holy Father challenges us to accept the body as a true gift from God, part of His master plan for creation. With this starting point, the Holy Father offers a profound vision for understanding sexuality as a beautiful gift in God’s design, a gift that is meant to be a means for self-giving love. The following summary points attempt to capture :

A. When Jesus is confronted about divorce (Matt 19) He hearkens back to the story of Adam and Even in Genesis in order to remind his listeners we must understand God’s plan for marriage as God intended it “in the beginning.” The experience of Adam and Eve before the fall provides a clear picture of God’s remarkable plan for our sexuality.

B. God does not exist in a state of solitude but as a community of persons (the Trinity), in other words a family.

When God creates mankind Holy Scripture states “let Us make man in our own image…male and female He created them.” Husband and wife are called to live in a community of persons that images God. The loving relationship between the Father and the Son that is personified in the Spirit is mirrored in a loving family of husband, wife and children.

Theology …. C. The Bible from beginning to

end is a story of marriage. The Bible begins with the creation story of the first husband and wife in Genesis and ends in Revelation with the wedding feast of the Lamb when all the faithful will be united with God to experience an eternal community of persons. God’s ultimate desire is to marry us.

D. By reflecting on the experience of Adam and Eve in the Garden we recognize that “it is not good for man to be alone” (Genesis 2:18). Because we are made in God’s image, and therefore filled with God’s love, we are compelled to give it away. We can only find ourselves through the sincere gift of ourselves. The sexual act is meant to be an act of total self-giving (self-donation).

E. God’s plan for sexuality is to mirror His love for the World.

Our bodies do not make sense in isolation. They only make sense in communion with others.

HUMAN SEXUALITY

Christian meaning of HUMAN SEXUALITY - fundamental component of personality, one

of its modes of being, of manifestation, of communicating with others, of feeling, of expressing and of living human love

Christian definition of Sex - the characteristics of which the biological,

psychological and spiritual levels make a person a man or a woman, conditioning his progress toward maturity and enclosure in the society.

Purposes/IMPLICATIONS OF THE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF SEXULAITY:

1. Equality of personal dignity 2. differences and complementary 3. Mutual self-giving and reciprocity 4. Relationship in love and service.VALUE OF FORMATION IN HUMAN SEXUALITY 1. contributes to integral maturation of the person. 2. for healthy interpersonal relations 3. fosters healthy acceptance of one’s sexuality 4. comfortability with ones body 5. motivates genuine efforts to develops one’s manhood or womanhood

GOD’S DESIGN FOR HUMAN SEXUALITY

MALE AND FEMALE

The male body and the female body show us that we are complementary, made for another. But being a man or a woman isn’t just about biology. It’s also about the masculine or feminine characteristics that are part of our personality, part of our very soul, and made visible in our bodies.

MAN AND WOMAN

Jesus also pointed His followers to God’s plan for marriage. When God took Adam and formed Eve out of his side, God blessed them and said that His creation was very good. He established marriage to be a life-long, faithful relationship between a husband and wife, full of joy, love and intimacy. Sex is a good thing, created by God. Sexual desire moves us toward intimacy with another and toward a relationship that brings unity, pleasure and new life.

CREEDAL SATATEMENT

Marriage is designed by God as the one place for sexual desire to be expressed. In the physical union of a husband and wife, there is a spiritual union that also occurs.

The marriage relationship was also intended to be fruitful. After all, one of the more obvious results of a sexual relationship is children. The husband and wife bring a new life into the world and create a family. A father and mother were intended to model healthy relationship, and they nurture and provide for their children.

CREEDAL…. Marriage between a husband and

wife is such an important relationship, that God used it all throughout the Bible as a picture of what our relationship with Him is supposed to be like. God is portrayed as the husband who loves us, and we are like the wife who responds back to Him. Likewise, the Bible compares God’s grief when we turn from him to that of a spouse whose wife has cheated on Him. That’s how much jealous love He has for us!

CREEDAL …..

So God designed us male and female, and intended marriage between a man and woman to: reflect His image, to be lifelong and faithful, to nurture and provide for the next generation, and to model our relationship with Him.

CREEDAL…

Masculinity and femininity are traits that must be developed, fostered, protected and lived in truth because they are a manifestation of the spirit. We must become the man and woman God intends us to be since our vocation is to love Him back and to love with our whole humanity.

Creedal statementThe kind of affective life proper to each sex is expressed in ways characteristics of the different states of life: a. consecrated celebacy for the sake of the kingdom of God for priest and religious b. Conjugal union for married persons c. Single blessedness chosen by lay persons

Group Role-Playing: Conversation between parent and child on

how typical questions and behaviors are dealt with at different age groups. What is the right way parents should answer the queries of their child? Feedback from the audience

pre-school kindergarten Grades school High school College students

6. Education for Chastity begins at Home

Parents should dedicate their time to their children and really place themselves at their level with love, they help them channel their anxieties and aspirations correctly, and teach them to reflect on the reality of theings and how to reason. Children who have this experienced are better disposed to live according to those moral truths they see lived by their parents.

7. The role of the Church and Society in Preserving the

Sacredness of the Human Person

Through sound and orthodox education in Catholic schools and a liturgy responsive to the needs of the youth, the Church assists the family in their balanced growth as persons in the world of their time. Tthrough legislation and institutions, the state promotes and defends the welfare of the family

8. Reaching Out in Love Nature of Love To love is to will the good of another.

Chastity makes friendship stronger, truer.

Kinds of love 1. Sensible /love of desire – physical

attraction leading to desire to satisfy one’s biological needs, just like the animals.

2. Rational Love- is rooted in man’s spirituality and openness to being, a personal response to the true nature and true worth of the other.

Kinds of rational love 1. concupiscent – seeks what will

perfect or make oneself happy. 2. benevolent - seeks the

happiness or perfection of the beloved.

- Only the good can be loved, so that it is the single, active, changing power in man that enables him to be or to will what he would not naturally do on his own.

Qualities of love

True love reflects the Cardinal or Moral virtues.

1. Prudence – judicious/practical 2. Temperance- soberness or sobriety 3. Justice - righteousness 4. Fortitude – courage/strength

9. Conjugal Love The kind of love shared by the validly married

husband and wife. DEFINITION OF LOVE - “ Love is patient, and kind. It is not jealous,

is not pompous, it is not inflated, it is not rude, it does not seek its own interest, it is not quick-tempered, it does not brood over injury, It does not rejoice over wrong doing but rejoices with the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never fails”

1Cor.13-4-8

Characteristics of Conjugal love

exclusive ( private) Complementary Dear ( treasure/valued) Faithful Procreative

IV. Marriage – a profound Human Reality in God’s plan

Old Testament Gen. 1:24-31; 2:45 The beauty on the biblical message on the

family has its roots in the creation of man and woman. “ God created man and woman in His own image and likeness” bound together by an indissoluble sacramental bond.

NEW TESTAMENT Mat. 5:31-32, Mk. 10:1-12, Luke 16:18 ‘ Jesus restored the beauty of matrimony,

preparing once again the one plan of God which

Was abandoned before because of the hardness of human heart, even within the tradition of Israel. Returning to the beginning, Jesus taught the unity and faithfulness of the husband and wife refuting the practice of repudation and adultery.Pauline Letters: Ephesians 5:31-32 Recognized the nup-tial love between man and woman as “the great mystery” making present in the world of love of Christ and of the Church

( faithfulness and long lasting).

On Sacred Tradition

Patristic Era marriage is viewed in two approaches:

Ascetic Approach- ( asceticism- the practice of denying bodily desires for the love of God – abstinence , self-denial, poverty, fasting) The first one might call the “ascetic” approach. It begins from a philosophical starting point. In the ancient world philosophy was a way of life, an ascetic path of self-control and discipline in the pursuit of the virtues of prudence, justice, temperance and courage.” Marriage was a matter of ordering one’s own passions and one’s household according to the restraint and moderation proper to the philosophical pursuit of virtue.”

“Ecclesial” approach- This begins from the faith in the incarnation as Christ's espousal of human nature to the point of being “one flesh". “Christian marriage builds on the natural community of husband and wife, predicated on sexual difference for the purpose of procreation, and transforms it into an ecclesial community (a “domestic church,” ) in which the spousal love of Christ for the Church is authentically both represented and encountered”.

ST. AUGUSTINE

The procreation of children is the first, natural, and legitimate purpose of marriage." For St. Augustine, when God became man He raised marriage to a level it had never had before. Christ made marriage the living witness of the New Testament. This meant that Christian marriage was to reveal to the world the Savior's New Commandment of selfless love. Augustine says a great deal about the duties of Christians to live up to their fundamental purpose.

Christ's commandment "Love one another as I have loved you," was to prove to the world that married Christians were indeed His disciples. How? By their practice of such love as the world had never seen before: love between the spouses and love from the spouses to their children, as not even the Mosaic law required.

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS Aquinas’ view on marriage and sexuality is that it has two main

purposes: (1) Reproduction, and (2) the production of a family unit that together form a strong bond and a unit in society. What is also very essential to marriage is the exchange of mutual consent. Without consent, this is violence or forced love and forced love is no love at all. As a matter of fact, real union is a result of love and there is no real marriage if the couple does not have this principle in mind.

He summarizes in one paragraph all the reasons for the indissolubility of marriage. He states,

“Good manners involve the indissolubility of the union of male and female: for they will love one another with greater fidelity, when they know that they are indissolubly united: each partner will take greater care of the things of the house, reflecting that they are to remain permanently in possession of the same things: occasions of quarrels are removed”.

Pope Pius II

On the indissolubility of MARRIAGE 

”Human passion in every age, chained and repressed in the free satisfaction of its inordinate appetites, has sought in every way to throw off its yoke. Passion( desire, lust, craving, lust) sees in this law only a hard tyranny, arbitrarily weighing down conscience with an unsupportable burden, with a slavery repugnant( distasteful) to the sacred rights of the human person. It is true; a bond can at times constitute a burden, a slavery, like the chains which bind the prisoner. But it can also be a powerful aid and a sure guarantee, like the rope which binds the alpine climber to his companion during the ascent. Stressed on self mortification and self-denial for the sake of God’s love.

Casti Connubii- Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI elaborates on the Church’s statement that life

begins at conception. Pope Pius XI’s account of the true purpose of Christian marriage places significant weight on the proper use of sexuality in marriage, in keeping with the Roman Catholic tradition. The stated primary function of this aspect of marriage is procreation for the generation and education of children. In addition to bringing a couple closer together, the exclusivity of this act is considered essential to marital happiness and adultery is strongly condemned. With respect to growing in conjugal faith, “Casti Connubii” emphasizes the importance of mutual respect and dignity for the ultimate companionship between partners and an increased closeness to God. Finally, the sacrament of matrimony is reiterated as a bond that binds two people by the power God, and as such cannot be destroyed by the manmade division of divorce. Approximately halfway through the document, Pope Pius XI turns his attention to some of the modern obstacles that pose a threat to the Catholic perspective on holy matrimony. The principle offenders are identified as abortion and contraception

Pope Paul VI- Humane Vitae Humanae Vitae (Latin Of Human Life) is

an encyclical written by Pope Paul VI and issued on 25 July 1968. Subtitled On the Regulation of Birth, it re-affirms the traditional teaching of the Catholic Church regarding married love, responsible parenthood, and the continued rejection of most forms of birth control.

To Pope Paul VI, as with of all his predecessors, marital relations are much more than a union of two people. They constitute a union of the loving couple with a loving God, in which the two persons create a new person materially, while God completes the creation by adding the soul. For this reason, Paul VI teaches in the first sentence of Humanae Vitae, that the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator.[8]

Pope John Paul II- Familiaris Consortio

. It defines marriage "as a personal union in which the spouses reciprocally give and receive."

This document restates the opposition to artificial birth control stated earlier in Humanae Vitae, and (briefly) mentions opposition to abortion. It also discusses the responsibility and expectations of the family regarding the education of children. It continues with a description of the expectations of the family regarding the larger society, including service to the poor.

Creedal statement Biblically, Sin introduced malice and lust in

the natural attraction of man and woman to each other. The original equality and complimentarity was marred by selfish competition for domination.

Marriage …..

ON Church Magisterium The goods or values of marriage are: 1. fidelity or mutual love, 2. openness to procreation of children , 3. and sacrament or permanence

Christ raised the natural love of man and woman into a sacrament so that the marital bond entered and consumated by mutual consent between the baptized persons can never be dissolved. It is guaranteed by God’s fidelity and this is the foundation of the human family.

Nature Of Christian Marriage

Contract- mutual agreement/consent Covenant- bond/ long-lasting

commitment Sacrament- ceremony/celebration of

God’s love Christian understanding of marriage

unravels the unchanging salvific purpose of God for it inspire of the disturbance caused by the sin of disobedience that disfigured the beauty of Human love

10. REMOTE PREPARATION FOR MARRIAGE

1. Importance of friendship

- any courtship should always begin in a deepening of friendship that gradually begins to become special as the man and the woman comes to know each other. Courtship is a responsible, chaste friendship guided by a good moral conscience. It is not a fun-loving relationship that enjoys only the pleasures of attraction. That is why it should happen best at the right time when both have aged emotionally, intellectually, socially and physically.

Remote … 2. Qualities of a Prospective Partner for Life in Marriage 1. maturity 2. good family background 3. financial stability 4. sense of humour 3. Dating - is a form of courtship consisting of social

activities done by two people with the aim of each assessing the

other’s suitability as a partner in an intimate relationship or as a spouse.  -do’s and don’t’s of Dating 4. Courtship – value of getting to know each other deeply

and matching compatibility.

Remote…

5. Engagement- spiritual preparation to be prioritized and done together

- Engagement is a formal promise of marriage which does not confer any right of physical intimacy. It is the period of preparation for marriage and life together which should be spiritual as well as material.

6. Qualities for a loving and stable relationships 1. Christ-centered relationship- a relationship that is

founded in God’s love. 2. Respect - listening to one another, valuing each other's

opinions, and listening in a non-judgmental manner. Respect also involves attempting to understand and affirm the other's emotions.

3. Trust and support - supporting each other's goals in life, and respecting each other's right to his/her own feelings, opinions, friends, activities and interest. It is valuing one's partner as an individual.

Qualities.. 4. Honesty and accountability - communicating openly and

truthfully, admitting mistakes or being wrong, acknowledging past

use of violence, and accepting responsibility for one's self.5. Shared responsibility - making family/relationship

decisions together, mutually agreeing on a distribution of work which is fair to both partners. If parents, the couple shares parental responsibilities and acts as positive, non-violent role models for the children.

6. Economic partnership - in marriage or cohabitation, making financial decisions together, and making sure both partners benefit from financial arrangements.

7. Negotiation and fairness - being willing to compromise, accepting change, and seeking mutually satisfying solutions to conflict.

8. Non-threatening behavior - talking and acting in a way that promotes both partners' feelings of safety in the relationship. Both should feel comfortable and safe in expressing him/herself and in engaging in activities.

VI. IMMEDIATE Preparations for MARRIAGE AS A STATE OF LIFE

I. Marriage according to the Revised Code of Canon Law - Marriage is a covenant which establishes the couple in a partnership

for their whole life. It promotes the dignity of each other and the procreation and education of their children.

II. According to the New Family Code of the Philippines Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man

and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.

- it is the foundation of family and an inviolable social institution whose nature, consequences, and incidents are governed by law and not subject to stipulation, except that marriage settlements may fix the property relations during the marriage within the limits provided by the family code.

KINDS OF MARRIAGE

1. Essential properties 1.1 Unity means that marriage is the union between one

man and only one woman: “A man shall leave his father and mother and become attached to his wife, and they become one flesh” (Genesis 2:24).

1.2 Indissolubility means that the marital bond can never be dissolved: “What God has united, human beings must not divide” as is written in the Gospel (Matthew 19,6; 5,32). Divorce therefore is prohibited.

2. According to the Cannon Law 2.1 Valid- To be in a valid marriage, Catholics must

meet certain requirements of canon law including the obligation to observe the Church’s form of marriage celebration or to be dispensed from that form. 

2.2 .1 Ratified – if not consumated2.3.2 ratified and consumated - if the spouses have

in a human manner engaged together in a conjugal act in itself apt for the generation of offspring

2.2 Invalid 2.2.1 In bad faith 2.2.2 In good faith or fugitive marriage-A putative

marriage is an apparently valid marriage, entered into in good faith on the part of at least one of the partners, but that is legally invalid due to a technical impediment, such as a preexistent marriage on the part of one of the partners, common law marriage etc.

Marriage is either valid or invalid because the covenant made by the couple between them and with God Who santifies and bless their intimate union is a sacrament. The sacrament made with God can never be revoked because of its sacramentality. Marriage is a state of life in the Church so that it is entered with certainty of validity and and the public character of “ I DO”

witnessed, helping spouses to remain faithful to it, like Christ to the Church.

Consummation is the completion of consent by which the spouses mutually give themeselves to each other in the conjugal act, exclusively their right, privilege and duty to each other. RATIFIED AND CONSUMATED MARRIAGE IS ABSOLUTELY DISSOLUBLE.

3 According to the New Family Code 3.1 valid 3.2 Void 3.3 Voidable A void marriage is a marriage that is void and invalid from its very

beginning. Such marriage is unlawful and requires no formality to terminate. A marriage shall be void if:

at the time of marriage either party was already lawfully married and the former spouse was still living at the time of the marriage and such former marriage was then in force;a male person marries under eighteen (18) years of age or a female who is between sixteen (16) and eighteen (18) years of age marries without a special marriage licence;the parties are within the prohibited close family relationships; orthe parties are not respectively male and female.

A voidable marriage is a marriage that is valid when entered into and remains completely valid until a party obtains a court order nullifying the relationship.

A contract may be voidable on the grounds of Fraud, mistake, misrepresentation, lack of capacity, duress, Undue Influence, or abuse of a fiduciary relationship.

3. ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MARRIAGE VALIDITY

3.1 According to Cannon Law 1.1 valid marital consent 1.2 freedom to marry 1.3 canonical form 3.2 According to Family Code 2.1 legal capacity 1.1 age 1.2 relationship between them 1.3 no prohibition due to public policy

2.2 Consent freely given in the presence of the authorized solemnizing officer 2.3 formal ceremony 3.1 valid marriage license 3.2 authorized solemnizing officer 3.3 formal ceremony during official time in the officer's habitual place of office 4. CLASSIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL DIRIMENT IMPEDIMENTS 4.1 Physical Defects ( nature) 1.1 Age 1.2 Impotence 4.2 Moral Bond 2.1 Existing Marriage 2.2 Disparity of cult/worship 2.3 Sacred orders 2.4 Perpeptual vow of Chastity

4.3 Crime

3.1 abduction 3.2 Murder or parricide for Marriage 4.4 Relationship 4.1 Consanguinity 4.2 Affinity ( kinship) 4.3 public decency 4.4 legal relationship

End of lectures for Preliminary Exams