A Comparative Study of DASH Representation Sets Using Real...
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DASH
REPRESENTATION SETS USING REAL
USER CHARACTERISTICS
Kreuzberger et al. 1A Comp. Study of DASH Repr. Sets – Real User Characteristics
C. Kreuzberger, B. Rainer, H. HellwagnerInstitute of Information Technology (ITEC)
Faculty of Technical Sciences (TEWI)Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt (AAU), Austria
L. Toni, P. FrossardSignal Processing Laboratory (LTS4)
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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VIDEO STREAMING AND DASH Rapidly growing (> 60% of traffic at peak times)
DASH: videos with various bitrates and
resolutions (representations) on a per-segment
basis
Overall goal in video streaming (from the user‘s
perspective): maximize Quality of Experience
(QoE) by chosing representations based on
restrictions of the user (e.g., bandwidth, spatial
resolution, …) and network conditions
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MULTIMEDIA STREAMING SCENARIO
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How to decide which representation sets should be madeavailable on the server side?
And what is the impacton the user base?
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DASH REPRESENTATIONS IN THE WILD
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ParsingMPD of51k videos
Netflix Blog
Tech. Docu.
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OPTIMIZED DASH REPRESENTATIONS
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[16] Toni et al., „Optimal Selection of Adaptive Streaming Representations”, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications, 2015
Integer Linear
Program (ILP)
Problems:
Mainly theoretical
results
Static number of users
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OUR APPROACH
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Evaluate optimized and existing DASH
representations
by modelling dynamic user behaviour (join/leave),
with realistic device and network characteristics,
and conducting extensive simulations using NS-3.
Metrics
Average User Satisfaction [SSIM per screen resolution]
Average Goodput [kbit/s]
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DYNAMIC USER BEHAVIOUR
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[12] K. Pires and G. Simon. YouTube Live and Twitch: A Tour of User-generated Live Streaming Systems. In Proc. 6th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, 2015.
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[10] Nielsen Research, "Binging" is the New Viewing for Over-the-top Streamers, 2013
[16] Toni et al., „Optimal Selection of Adaptive Streaming Representations”, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications, 2015
DEVICE AND NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS
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OPTIMIZED REPRESENTATIONS
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Computed using
ILP [16] with
device/network
characteristics and
dynamic user
behaviour
(previous two slides)
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UPPER BOUND: MAX-MIN MODEL
In general:
Discrete bitrates (e.g., 100, 200, 500, … kbit/s)
Enables clients to maintain a local video playback
buffer
Upper bound: max-min model
Assumption: continous bitrates (0 – 20.000 kbit/s)
Distribute bandwidth among competitors on a best-
effort principle (max-min fairness)
No local video playback buffer
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NS-3 AND DASH NS-3 is a time-discrete packet-level simulator
We implemented
HTTP/1.1-compatible file transfer
Rate-based DASH adaptation logic
MPD parsing using libdash
Network settings:
MTU: 1500 bytes
TCP New Reno, w/ segment size (MSS) of 1430 bytes
Bottleneck link: 100, 200 Mbit/s and 15 ms RTT
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RESULTS: AVG. USER SATISFACTION
(BOTTLENECK 100 MBIT/S)
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RESULTS: AVG. GOODPUT
(BOTTLENECK 100 MBIT/S)
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CONCLUSIONS
The choice of representations has an impact on satisfaction
Researchers need to consider this when evaluatingtheir DASH adaptation strategies
Optimized representations [16] are good, but don‘twork very well in all situations
Data and simulation framework available athttp://concert.itec.aau.at/NOSSDAV_2016/ andhttps://github.com/ChristianKreuzberger/AMuSt-Simulator/
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THANK YOU!
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BACKUP SLIDES
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RESULTS: AVG. USER SATISFACTION
(BOTTLENECK 200 MBIT/S)
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RESULTS: AVG. GOODPUT
(BOTTLENECK 200 MBIT/S)
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USER SATISFACTION
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Idea: lower bit rate required
when satisfying a user with a low
screen resolution (360p)
compared to a user with a high
screen resolution (540p–1080p)
Encoded 4 video sequences
360p, 540p, 720p, 1080p
100 kbit/s – 20 Mbit/s
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