BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLDBLACKWELL COMPANIONS

TO THEANCIENT WORLD

terenceA C O M P A N I O N T O

A C O M P A N I O N T O

terenceE D I T E D B Y

a n t o n y a u g o u s t a k i sa n d a r i a n a t r a i l l

A Companion to Terence offers the first comprehensive collection of essays on Terence in English. It includes a detailed study of Terences plays, situating them in their socio-historical context and exploring their reception from the Classical through late antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, to present-day literature and performance.

Each chapter discusses key issues in Terence, including Terences relationship with his Greco-Roman models, his language and style, the question of performance and dramatic technique, and the socio-political background that shapes the themes, characters, structures, and cultural-political concerns.

A Companion to Terence is a useful research tool for the growing number of scholars, students, and critics of Terence and Roman Comedy.

t h e e d i t o r sAntony Augoustakis is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is the author of Motherhood and the Other: Fashioning Female Power in Flavian Epic (2010) and Plautus Mercator (2009). Ariana Traill is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She is the author of Women and the Comic Plot in Menander (2008) and numerous articles on Greek and Roman Comedy and its reception.

A C O M P A N I O N T O

terence

C o n t r i b u t o r s t o t h i s v o l u m e :

Antony Augoustakis, John Barsby, Peter Brown, Andrew Cain,David M. Christenson, Stavros Frangoulidis, George Fredric Franko,

Mary-Kay Gamel, T.H.M. Gellar-Goad, Robert Germany,Daniel P. Hanchey, Mathias Hanses, Sharon L. James,

Evangelos Karakasis, Ortwin Knorr, Eckard Lefvre, Timothy J. Moore, Roman Mller, Z.M. Packman, Alison Sharrock, John H. Starks, Jr.,

Ariana Traill, Martine van Elk, Benjamin Victor, Heather Vincent

A L S O A V A I L A B L E I N T H I S S E R I E S :

EDITED BY Antony Augoustakisand Ariana Traill

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A CompAnion to terenCe

BLACKWeLL CompAnionS to tHe AnCient WorLDThis series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises approximately twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers.

Ancient HistorypublishedA Companion to the Roman ArmyEdited by Paul Erdkamp

A Companion to the Roman RepublicEdited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx

A Companion to the Roman EmpireEdited by David S. Potter

A Companion to the Classical Greek WorldEdited by Konrad H. Kinzl

A Companion to the Ancient Near EastEdited by Daniel C. Snell

A Companion to the Hellenistic WorldEdited by Andrew Erskine

A Companion to Late AntiquityEdited by Philip Rousseau

A Companion to Ancient HistoryEdited by Andrew Erskine

A Companion to Archaic GreeceEdited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees

A Companion to Julius CaesarEdited by Miriam Griffin

A Companion to ByzantiumEdited by Liz James

A Companion to Ancient EgyptEdited by Alan B. Lloyd

A Companion to Ancient MacedoniaEdited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington

A Companion to the Punic WarsEdited by Dexter Hoyos

A Companion to AugustineEdited by Mark Vessey

A Companion to Marcus AureliusEdited by Marcel van Ackeren

A Companion to Ancient Greek GovernmentEdited by Hans Beck

A Companion to the Neronian AgeEdited by Emma Buckley and Martin T. Dinter

LiterAture And cuLturepublishedA Companion to Classical ReceptionsEdited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray

A Companion to Greek and Roman HistoriographyEdited by John Marincola

A Companion to CatullusEdited by Marilyn B. Skinner

A Companion to Roman ReligionEdited by Jrg Rpke

A Companion to Greek ReligionEdited by Daniel Ogden

A Companion to the Classical TraditionEdited by Craig W. Kallendorf

A Companion to Roman RhetoricEdited by William Dominik and Jon Hall

A Companion to Greek RhetoricEdited by Ian Worthington

A Companion to Ancient EpicEdited by John Miles Foley

A Companion to Greek TragedyEdited by Justina Gregory

A Companion to Latin LiteratureEdited by Stephen Harrison

A Companion to Greek and Roman Political ThoughtEdited by Ryan K. Balot

A Companion to OvidEdited by Peter E. Knox

A Companion to the Ancient Greek LanguageEdited by Egbert Bakker

A Companion to Hellenistic LiteratureEdited by Martine Cuypers and James J. Clauss

A Companion to Vergils Aeneid and its TraditionEdited by Joseph Farrell and Michael C. J. Putnam

A Companion to HoraceEdited by Gregson Davis

A Companion to Families in the Greek and Roman WorldsEdited by Beryl Rawson

A Companion to Greek MythologyEdited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone

A Companion to the Latin LanguageEdited by James Clackson

A Companion to TacitusEdited by Victoria Emma Pagn

A Companion to Women in the Ancient WorldEdited by Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon

A Companion to SophoclesEdited by Kirk Ormand

A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near EastEdited by Daniel Potts

A Companion to Roman Love ElegyEdited by Barbara K. Gold

A Companion to Greek ArtEdited by Tyler Jo Smith and Dimitris Plantzos

A Companion to Persius and JuvenalEdited by Susanna Braund and Josiah Osgood

A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman RepublicEdited by Jane DeRose Evans

A Companion to TerenceEdited by Antony Augoustakis and Ariana Traill

A CompAnion to terenCe

Edited by

Antony Augoustakis and Ariana Traill

Associate Editor

John Thorburn

A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication

This edition first published 2013 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwells publishing program has been merged with Wileys global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A companion to Terence / edited by Antony Augoustakis and Ariana Traill ; associate editor John Thorburn. pages cm. (Blackwell companions to the ancient world ; 103) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-9875-2 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-118-30199-9 (epub) ISBN 978-1-118-30197-5 1. TerenceCriticism and interpretation. 2. Latin drama (Comedy)History and criticism. 3. TheaterHistoryTo 500. 4. TheaterRome. I. Augoustakis, Antony, editor of compilation. II. Traill, Ariana, 1969 editor of compilation. III. Thorburn, John E., editor of compilation. PA6768.C66 2013 872.01dc23

2012048374

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: Folio from Terences Comedies, mid-twelfth century. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, MS Auct. F.2.13, folio 82vCover design by Workhaus

Set in 11/13.5pt Galliard by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India

1 2013

Contents

Notes on Contributors viiiAcknowledgments xiii

Introduction 1Antony Augoustakis and Ariana Traill

pArt i terence and Ancient Comedy 15

1. Terence and Greek New Comedy 17Peter Brown

2. Terence and the Traditions of Roman New Comedy 33George Fredric Franko

3. Terence and Non-Comic Intertexts 52Alison Sharrock

4. Fabula Stataria: Language and Humor in Terence 69Heather Vincent

5. Meter and Music 89Timothy J. Moore

pArt ii Contexts and themes 111

6. Terence and the Scipionic Grex 113Daniel P. Hanchey

7. opera in bello, in otio, in negotio: Terence and Rome in the 160s bce 132John H. Starks, Jr.

vi Contents

8. Religious Ritual and Family Dynamics in Terence 156T.H.M. Gellar-Goad

9. Gender and Sexuality in Terence 175Sharon L. James

10. Family and Household in the Comedies of Terence 195Z.M. Packman

11. Masters and Slaves 211Evangelos Karakasis

pArt iii the plays 223

12. Andria 225Robert Germany

13. Heauton Timorumenos 243Eckard Lef vre

14. Eunuchus 262David M. Christenson

15. Phormio 281Stavros Frangoulidis

16. Hecyra 295Ortwin Knorr

17. Adelphoe 318Ariana Traill

pArt iV reception 341

18. History of the Text and Scholia 343Benjamin Victor

19. Terence in Latin Literature from the Second Century bce to the Second Century ce 363Roman Mller

20. Terence in Late Antiquity 380Andrew Cain

21. Hrotsvit of Gandersheim Christianizes Terence 397Antony Augoustakis

22. Thou shalt present me as an eunuch to him: Terence in Early Modern England 410Martine van Elk

Contents vii

23. Mulier inopia et cognatorum neglegentia coacta: Thornton Wilders Tragic Take on The Woman of Andros 429Mathias Hanses

24. Terence in Translation 446John Barsby

25. Performing Terence (and Hrotsvit) Now 466Mary-Kay Gamel

References 482General Index 515Index Locorum 523

Contributors

Antony Augoustakis is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Illinois (UrbanaChampaign, Illinois, USA) and editor of the jour-nal Illinois Classical Studies. He is the author of Motherhood and the Other: Fashioning Female Power in Flavian Epic (Oxford, 2010) and Plautus Mercator (Bryn Mawr, 2009). He has edited the Brill Companion to Silius Italicus (Leiden, 2010), Ritual and Religion in Flavian Epic (Oxford, 2013), and co-edited with Carole Newlands Statius Siluae and the Poetics of Intimacy (Arethusa, 2007). He is currently working on a com-mentary on Statius Thebaid Book 8 (Oxford) and the Oxford Readings in Flavian Epic, co-edited with Helen Lovatt (Oxford).

John Barsby is Emeritus Professor of Classics at the University of Otago (Dunedin, New Zealand). He has published editions of Ovids Amores I (Oxford, 1974), Plautus Bacchides (Aris & Phillips, 1986), and Terences Eunuchus (Cambridge, 1999) and is the editor of the new Loeb edition ofTerence (Harvard, 2001). He has

also edited a collection of essays Greek and Roman Drama: Translation and Performance (J.B. Metzler, 2002). He is currently working on a history of the Otago Classics Department.

peter Brown is an Emeritus Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford University (United Kingdom) and a member of the Advisory Board of the Archive of Performances of Greek and Roman Drama. He has published extensively on Greek and Roman drama, and his translation of the Comedies of Terence appeared in the Oxford Worlds Classics series in January, 2008. He is co-editor with Suzana Ograjenek of Ancient Drama in Music for the Modern Stage (Oxford, 2010).

Andrew Cain is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado (Boulder, CO, USA). He is the author of The Letters of Jerome: Asceticism, Biblical Exegesis, and the Construction of Christian Authority in Late Antiquity (Oxford, 2009), St.Jerome, Commentary on Galatians (Catholic University of America Press, 2010), Jeromes Epitaph on

Contributors ix

Paula: A Commentary on the Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae, with anIntroduction, Text, and Translation (Oxford, 2013), and Jerome and the Monastic Clergy: A Commentary on Letter 52 to Nepotian, with an Introduction, Text, and Translation (Brill, 2013). He also has edited Jerome of Stridon: His Life, Writings, and Legacy (Ashgate, 2009) as well as The Power of Religion in Late Antiquity (Ashgate, 2009).

David m. Christenson is Professor of Classics at the University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ, USA). He is the author of an edition with commentary of Plautuss Amphitruo (Cambridge, 2000), and is currently working on a new edition of Plautuss Pseudolus (Cambridge) and a book on Roman comedy for I.B. Tauris Publishers Understanding Classics series. He haspublished two volumes of transla-tions, Roman Comedy: Five Plays by Plautus and Terence (2010) and Four Plays by Plautus: Casina, Amphitryon, Captivi, Pseudolus (2008), both with Focus Publishing, and his collection, Four Ancient Comedies About Women: Lysistrata, Samia, Hecyra, Casina, is forth coming in 2013 (Oxford).

Stavros Frangoulidis is Professor of Latin at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece). He has been co-organizer of several RICAN con-ferences (devoted to the study of the Ancient Novel) and co-editor of the relevant proceedings (published as Ancient Narrative Supplementa). He is the author of Handlung und

Nebenhandlung: Theater, Metatheater und Gattungsbewusstein in der rmischen Komdie (Stuttgart, 1997) and of Roles and Performances in Apuleius Metamorphoses (Stuttgart, 2001). His latest monograph is Witches, Isis and Narrative: Approaches to Magic in Apuleius Metamorphoses (Berlin, 2008).

George Fredric Franko is Professor of Classical Studies at Hollins University (Roanoke, Virginia, USA). He holds degrees from the College of William and Mary and Columbia University. Although a generalist, much of his scholarly work has been on Plautus.

mary-Kay Gamel is Professor of Classics, Comparative Literature, and Theater Arts at the University ofCalifornia (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and has been involved in staging twenty-six productions of ancient and medieval drama, many in her own translations and versions. She has written widely on ancient drama in performance, and is completing a book on definitions of authenticity in staging this drama. She received the 2009 Scholarly Outreach Award from the American Philological Association.

t.H.m. Gellar-Goad is the Teacher-Scholar Postdoctoral Fellow in Classical Languages at Wake Forest University (Winston-Salem, NC, USA). He has published on Plautus and Roman religion, and holds degrees from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and from North Carolina State University.

x Contributors

His other major research interests are Lucretius and Roman satire.

robert Germany is Assistant Professor of Classics at Haverford College (Haverford, PA, USA). He is the author of The Politics of Roman Comedy in the forthcoming Cambridge Companion to Roman Comedy and has a forthcoming monograph entitled Mimetic Conta-gion: Art and Artifice in Terences Eunuchus. His next project is a study of the unity of time in ancient drama.

Daniel p. Hanchey is Assistant Professor of Classics at Baylor University (Waco, TX, USA). He has published several articles on Cicero,and is currently working on a larger project focusing on the ideas of memory and social/commercial exchange in Ciceros dialogues.

mathias Hanses is a Doctoral Student in Classics at Columbia University (NY, USA) and holds Masters degrees in both Classics (M.Phil., Columbia; M.A., University of Illinois) and American Studies (University of Mnster, Germany). He has published on political bias in Roman historio-graphy, the Classics in the American Revolution, and the History of Classical Scholarship. In New York, he is preparing a dissertation on The Life of Comedy after the Death of Plautus, tracing the Romans creative engage-ment with the comic heritage from Terence to Seneca (and beyond).

Sharon L. James earned B.A. degrees in Spanish Literature and

Classical Studies at UC Santa Cruz, and her M.A. and Ph.D. in Comparative Literature at UC Berkeley. She is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC, USA). She has published articles on gender, Latin poetry, and Roman comedy, including Learned Girls and Male Persuasion (2003), a study of Roman love elegy. She is presently complet-ing a major book project on women in New Comedy.

evangelos Karakasis is Assistant Professor of Latin at the University ofIoannina (Greece). He is the author of Terence and the Language of Roman Comedy (Cambridge, 2005), Song Exchange in Roman Pastoral (Berlin, 2011), and of several articles on Roman comedy, elegy and pastoral.

ortwin Knorr is Associate Professor of Classics at Willamette University (Salem, OR, USA), Chair of its Classical Studies Department, and Director of its Center for Ancient Studies and Archaeology. Trained in Gttingen, Heidelberg, and Berkeley, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Gttingen in Germany. He is the author of Verborgene Kunst: Argumentationsstruktur und Buchaufbau in den Satiren des Horaz (Hildesheim, 2004) and articles on Terence, Plautus, Horace, and early Christian writers.

eckard Lefvre is Professor Emeritus of Classics at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universitt at Freiburg (Germany). He holds degrees from Christian-Albrechts-

Contributors xi

Universitt at Kiel (Dr. phil. 1962; habilitation 1967) and Universit Marc Bloch at Strasbourg (Dr. h.c. 2000). He is author of several books on Greek and Roman literature, par-ticularly on Roman comedy (Plautus and Terence).

timothy J. moore is John and Penelope Biggs Distinguished Professor of Classics at Washington University in St. Louis (Missouri, USA). He holds degrees from Millersville University and the University of North Carolina. He is the author of Artistry and Ideology: Livys Vocabulary of Virtue (Frankfurt, 1989), Playing to the Audience: The Theater of Plautus (Austin, 1998), Roman Theatre (Cambridge, 2012), and Music in Roman Comedy (Cambridge, 2012), and of articles on ancient music, Latin literature, and Japanese kygen comedy.

roman mller is Privatdozent at the University of Heidelberg (Germany). 1996 Dr. phil. in Classics (University of Heidelberg), 2001 Habilitation. He is the author of books on Terences dialogues (Sprechen und Sprache: Dialoglinguistische Studien zu Terenz, Heidelberg, 1997), on stylistic consciousness in Roman literature (Sprachbewutsein und Sprachvariation im lateinischen Schrifttum der Antike, Mnchen, 2001) and on poetic theory in Greek and Latin (Antike Dichtungslehre: Themen und Theorien, Tbingen, 2012). Additionally he has published numerous articles in his fields of interest: ancient comedy, literary

criticism, rhetoric, history of poetry, interdependence of language and literature.

Z.m. packman is retired from North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC, USA) after earlier service of some length at Washington University in St.Louis (Missouri) and The University of Natal in Pietermaritzburg (South Africa). She has published several articles on Roman comedy, and several on related aspects of Roman law.

Alison Sharrock is Professor of Classics at the University of Manchester (UK). She is the author of several books and articles on Latin poetry and comedy, including Reading Roman Comedy: Poetics and Playfulness in Plautus and Terence (Cambridge, 2009).

John H. Starks, Jr. is Assistant Professor at Binghamton University, State University of New York (Binghamton, NY, USA), with degrees from Washington & Lee University and the University of North Carolina. He has published on Punic and Syrian stereotyping in Plautus and racially tinged epigrams in Vandal-era satire (Oxford, 2011), as well as extensive work on actresses in the Greek and Roman worlds (Oxford, 2008, and two Cambridge monographs in progress). He has also adapted and directed a dozen productions of ancient comedy, including Plautus Curculio and Poenulus in Latin.

Ariana traill is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Illinois

xii Contributors

(Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA). She holds degrees from the University of Toronto and Harvard. She is the author of Women and the Comic Plot in Menander (Cambridge, 2008) and several articles on Greek and Roman drama and its reception. She is cur-rently working on a commentary on Plautus Cistellaria.

martine van elk is Associate Professor at California State University (Long Beach, CA, USA). She has co-edited, with Lloyd Kermode and Jason Scott-Warren, a collection of essays entitled Tudor Drama Before Shakespeare (Palgrave, 2004) and is the author of numerous articles and essays on Shakespeare, early modern vagrancy, and early modern women writers. She is cur-rently working on a comparative study of early modern English and Dutch writers.

Benjamin Victor is Associate Professor of Latin Language and Literature at the Universit de Montral (Canada). His interests include textual criticism and the history of the book. He is co- editor, with Albert Derolez and Wouter Bracke, of Corpus Catalogorum Belgii (Brussels, Royal Flemish Academy, 1994present). He is currently work-ing on a new edition of Terence for the Bud series of classical texts.

Heather Vincent is Associate Professor of Classics at Eckerd College (St. Petersburg, FL, USA). She holds degrees from Vanderbilt University, the University of Maryland, and Brown University. She is the author of book chapters and articles on Roman satire and modern humor theory. She is currently working on a book manu-script concerning cross-disciplinary approaches to verbal and performative humor in ancient satire.

As editors of this volume, we would like to thank first and foremost all the authors for their contributions and their patience for as long as this Companion took to be published. To Haze Humbert, Galen Young, Ben Thatcher, and the whole team at Wiley Blackwell, we extend a warm thank you, for the several extentions and supreme display of patience and indulgence. A lesson we have learned is that a Companion of this size does obviously meet with several delays and other obstacles along the way, but ultimately we hope that this publication will make its readers as proud as it has made us, authors and editors alike. John Thorburn, the associate editor, is to be thanked for dropping the idea for a Companion to Terence initially and for having helped at various points during this long trip. Both of us would like to thank our families and colleagues for their moral support and general patience with the endless needs of book editors.

A note on texts and translations used: the Latin text comes from the Kauer, Lindsay, and Skutsch OCT edition of Terence (1958) or from Barsbys (2001) Loeb edition; translations of Terence are taken from Barsbys (2001) Loeb edition (at times modified); the only exceptions are to be found in Browns and Christensons essays, since both authors have used their own published translations (2006 and 2010 respectively), as well as Victors who often cites a passage of Terence as given by the manuscripts. For Plautus, we used the text and translation of De Melos Loeb edition (2011), at times modified, and for Menander, Arnotts (19792000, with modifications from Kassel and Austin). Quotations from Donatus are taken from Wessners Teubner edition (19028). All translations of other sources are the authors own, unless otherwise indicated. The spelling of ancient authors and abbreviations follows the system of the OLD, OCD4, LSJ, and LAnne Philologique.

Acknowledgments