A COMPANIONTO CATULLUS

Edited by

Marilyn B. Skinner

A COMPANION TO CATULLUS

BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLDThis series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres ofclassical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises betweentwenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. Theessays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience ofscholars, students, and general readers.

ANCIENT HISTORY

Published

A Companion to the Roman ArmyEdited by Paul Erdkamp

A Companion to the Roman RepublicEdited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx

A Companion to the Roman EmpireEdited by David S. Potter

A Companion to the Classical Greek WorldEdited by Konrad H. Kinzl

A Companion to the Ancient Near EastEdited by Daniel C. Snell

A Companion to the Hellenistic WorldEdited by Andrew Erskine

In preparation

A Companion to Ancient HistoryEdited by Andrew Erskine

A Companion to Archaic GreeceEdited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees

A Companion to Julius CaesarEdited by Miriam Griffin

A Companion to Late AntiquityEdited by Philip Rousseau

A Companion to ByzantiumEdited by Elizabeth James

LITERATURE AND CULTURE

Published

A Companion to Greek and Roman HistoriographyEdited by John Marincola

A Companion to CatullusEdited by Marilyn B. Skinner

A Companion to Roman ReligionEdited by Jorg Rupke

A Companion to Greek ReligionEdited by Daniel Ogden

A Companion to Classical TraditionEdited by Craig W. Kallendorf

A Companion to Roman RhetoricEdited by William Dominik and Jon Hall

A Companion to Greek RhetoricEdited by Ian Worthington

A Companion to Ancient EpicEdited by John Miles Foley

A Companion to Greek TragedyEdited by Justina Gregory

A Companion to Latin LiteratureEdited by Stephen Harrison

In preparation

A Companion to Classical ReceptionsEdited by Lorna Hardwick

A Companion to Ancient Political ThoughtEdited by Ryan K. Balot

A Companion to Classical StudiesEdited by Kai Brodersen

A Companion to Classical MythologyEdited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone

A Companion to the Ancient Greek LanguageEdited by Egbert Bakker

A Companion to Hellenistic LiteratureEdited by Martine Cuypers and James J. Clauss

A Companion to OvidEdited by Peter Knox

A Companion to HoraceEdited by N. Gregson Davis

A COMPANIONTO CATULLUS

Edited by

Marilyn B. Skinner

� 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

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First published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

1 2007

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A companion to Catullus/edited by Marilyn B. Skinner.

p. cm. — (Blackwell companions to the ancient world)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3533-7 (hardcover : alk. paper)1. Catullus, Gaius Valerius—Criticism and interpretation. I. Skinner, Marilyn B.

PA6276.C66 2007

874’.01—dc222006025011

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

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In memory of

James L. P. Butrica

attigit quoque poeticen, credimus, ne eius expers esset suauitatis

Cornelius Nepos, Life of Atticus 18.5

Contents

List of Illustrations x

Acknowledgments xi

Abbreviations xiii

Notes on Contributors xx

1 Introduction 1Marilyn B. Skinner

Part I The Text and the Collection 11

2 History and Transmission of the Text 13J. L. Butrica

3 Authorial Arrangement of the Collection:Debate Past and Present 35Marilyn B. Skinner

Part II Contexts of Production 55

4 The Valerii Catulli of Verona 57T. P. Wiseman

5 The Contemporary Political Context 72David Konstan

6 The Intellectual Climate 92Andrew Feldherr

7 Gender and Masculinity 111Elizabeth Manwell

Part III Influences 129

8 Catullus and Sappho 131Ellen Greene

9 Catullus and Callimachus 151Peter E. Knox

Part IV Stylistics 173

10 Neoteric Poetics 175W. R. Johnson

11 Elements of Style in Catullus 190George A. Sheets

12 Catullus and Elite Republican Social Discourse 212Brian A. Krostenko

Part V Poems and Groups of Poems 233

13 Catullus and the Programmatic Poem: The Origins,Scope, and Utility of a Concept 235William W. Batstone

14 The Lesbia Poems 254Julia T. Dyson

15 Sexuality and Ritual: Catullus’ Wedding Poems 276Vassiliki Panoussi

16 Catullan Intertextuality: Apollonius andthe Allusive Plot of Catullus 64 293Jeri Blair DeBrohun

17 Poem 68: Love and Death, andthe Gifts of Venus and the Muses 314Elena Theodorakopoulos

18 Social Commentary and Political Invective 333W. Jeffrey Tatum

Part VI Reception 355

19 Catullus and Horace 357Randall L. B. McNeill

viii Contents

20 Catullus and Vergil 377Christopher Nappa

21 Catullus and Roman Love Elegy 399Paul Allen Miller

22 Catullus and Martial 418Sven Lorenz

23 Catullus in the Renaissance 439Julia Haig Gaisser

24 The Modern Reception of Catullus 461Brian Arkins

Part VII Pedagogy 479

25 Catullus in the Secondary School Curriculum 481Ronnie Ancona and Judith P. Hallett

26 Catullus in the College Classroom 503Daniel H. Garrison

Part VIII Translation 521

27 Translating Catullus 523Elizabeth Vandiver

Consolidated Bibliography 542

General Index 568

Index Locorum 585

Contents ix

Illustrations

4.1 Transpadane Italy 584.2 North end of the Sirmione peninsula 604.3 Schematic reconstruction of a lost inscription

from Lanuvium (CIL 14.2095) 614.4 Hypothetical reconstruction of the Sirmio villa 654.5 Fragment of wall-painting from the villa at Sirmione 67

Acknowledgments

The editor of this volume, the contributors, and the publisher gratefully acknowledgethe permission granted to reproduce the copyright material in this book:

Authorities of the Italian Air Force (Aeronautica militare) for fig. 4.2, photograph ofthe north end of the Sirmione peninsula (CODIC, SMA N. 356 – 12 August 1981).Thanks to the British Embassy in Rome for assistance in obtaining the photograph.A. P. Watt Ltd for non-US English rights to reprint excerpts from W. B. Yeats’ ‘‘TheScholars’’ and The Autobiography of W. B. Yeats. Permission granted by A. P. Watt Ltdon behalf of Michael B. Yeats.Carcanet Press Ltd for world rights to reprint Robert Graves’ ‘‘The Thieves,’’ fromRobert Graves: The Complete Poems in One Volume, edited by Beryl Graves andDunstan Ward (2000). �1995 by the Trustees of the Robert Graves CopyrightTrust.The University of Chicago Press, for permission to publish a synopsis of BrianA. Krostenko, Cicero, Catullus, and the Language of Social Performance (� 2001by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.).Elisabetta Roffia, Soprintendenza per i beni archeologici della Lombardia, forphotographs of fragment of fresco (Archivio Fotografico D 756) reproduced asfig.4.5.David Higham Associates for world rights to reprint an excerpt from ‘‘Epitaph forLiberal Poets,’’ by Louis MacNeice, included in E. R. Dodds, ed., The Collected Poemsof Louis MacNeice. Copyright �1966 by The Estate of Louis MacNeice.Faber & Faber Ltd for UK and British Commonwealth (excluding Canada) rights toreprint excerpts from the following works by Ezra Pound:

‘‘The Flame’’ and ‘‘To Formianus’ Young Lady Friend’’ by Ezra Pound, from Personae,copyright �1926 by Ezra Pound.Selected Letters of Ezra Pound, copyright �1950 by Ezra Pound.

Selected Prose of Ezra Pound 1909–1965, copyright �1973 by The Estate of Ezra Pound.‘‘Canto IV’’ and ‘‘Canto V’’ by Ezra Pound, from The Cantos of Ezra Pound, copyright�1934, 1937, 1940, 1948, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1966, and 1968 by Ezra Pound.The Literary Essays of Ezra Pound, copyright �1935 by Ezra Pound.‘‘Catullus: XXVI and LXXXV’’ by Ezra Pound, from The Translations of Ezra Pound,copyright �1963 by Ezra Pound.

Faber & Faber Ltd for British Commonwealth and European rights to reprint anexcerpt from The Invention of Love, by Tom Stoppard. Copyright �1997 by TomStoppard.New Directions Publishing Corporation for United States and Canadian rights toquote from the following works and authors:

‘‘The Flame’’ and ‘‘To Formianus’ Young Lady Friend’’ by Ezra Pound, from Personae,copyright�1926 by Ezra Pound. Reprinted by permission of New Directions PublishingCorporation.Selected Letters of Ezra Pound, copyright �1950 by Ezra Pound. Reprinted by permis-sion of New Directions Publishing Corporation.Selected Prose of Ezra Pound 1909–1965, copyright �1973 by The Estate of Ezra Pound.Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation.‘‘Canto IV’’ and ‘‘Canto V’’ by Ezra Pound, from The Cantos of Ezra Pound, copyright�1934, 1937, 1940, 1948, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1966, and 1968 by EzraPound. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation.The Literary Essays of Ezra Pound, copyright �1935 by Ezra Pound. Reprinted bypermission of New Directions Publishing Corporation.‘‘Catullus: XXVI and LXXXV’’ by Ezra Pound, from The Translations of Ezra Pound,copyright�1963 by Ezra Pound. Reprinted by permission of New Directions PublishingCorporation.‘‘Dear Little Sirmio: Catullus Recollected,’’ by Stevie Smith, from Collected Poems ofStevie Smith, copyright �1972 by Stevie Smith. Reprinted by permission of New Direc-tions Publishing Corporation.

Pickering & Chatto Publishers Ltd for permission to quote an excerpt from TerryL. Meyers, ed., The Uncollected Letters of Algernon Charles Swinburne, Vol. 3,1890–1909 (London and Brookfield, VT: Pickering & Chatto, 2004). Reproducedcourtesy of Pickering & Chatto Publishers.Brian Read and the literary estate of Arthur Symons for permission to reprint ArthurSymons’ translation of Poem 8, originally contained in From Catullus – ChieflyConcerning Lesbia, �1924 by Arthur Symons.Scribner, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group, for US rightsto reprint excerpts from W. B. Yeats’ ‘‘The Scholars’’ and The Autobiography ofW. B. Yeats.Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permissionfor the use of copyright material. The publisher apologizes for any errors or omissionsin the above list and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should beincorporated in future reprints or editions of this book.

xii Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Abbreviations of the names of ancient authors and their works follow, wheneverpossible, the practice of the Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd edition (1996), referredto as OCD3. Otherwise Greek authors and titles are abbreviated as in Liddell andScott, Greek-English Lexicon, 9th edition, revised by H. Stuart Jones and supplemen-ted by various scholars (1968), referred to as LSJ. Latin authors and titles areabbreviated as in the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1982), commonly cited as OLD.Names of authors or works in square brackets [—] indicate spurious or questionableattributions. Numbers in superscript following a title indicate the number of anedition (e.g., OCD3). Abbreviations and descriptions of works of secondary scholar-ship are also usually taken from OCD3.

General Abbreviations

ad; ad loc. ad locum, at the line being discussed in thecommentary

ap. apud, within, indicating a quotation contained inanother author

c., cc. carmen, poem; carmina, poemsca. circa, about or approximatelycf. comparech. chaptercos. consul (date follows)

des. designatus, appointed but not yet installedsuff. suffectus, appointed to fill out a term

d. dieddef. definitionesp. especially