A Checklist for Birds of Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria · 2017. 6. 14. · Dutse Journal of Pure...

Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) Vol. 3 No. 1 June 2017

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A Checklist for Birds of

Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria

Abubakar Surajo Ringim Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria.

Sulaiman Inuwa Muhammad Department of Biological Sciences,

Federal University Dutse, Nigeria.

Abstract

he Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands is a Ramsar site and an Important Bird Area in the Sahelian part of Nigeria. The habitat types in the wetlands consists of mosaic, permanent water bodies, floodplains, and upland wooded areas that provides important habitats for both resident and

migratory bird species. Using data from the existing studies, we presented for the first time a checklist of the birds inhabiting the wetlands. A total of 191 bird species belonging to 21 orders and 54 families were identified. These include resident species, e.g. Spur-winged Geese (Plectropterus gambensis) and Black heron (Egretta ardesiaca), Intra-African migrant, e.g. Abdim’s stork (Ciconia abdimii) and African openbill stork (Anastomus lamelligerus) and Palearctic visitor, e.g. Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius) and Wood sandpiper (Tringa glareola). Two species categorized as globally threatened species under IUCN Redlist (2017) were also identified, the Vulnerable European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) and the Near threatened Pallid harrier (Circus macrourus). The diverse array of bird species in the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands highlights its significance for birds conservation, hence the need for its management and conservation. More studies on bird diversity are recommended to provide a complete checklist of the wetland bird community. Introduction

Nigeria is located in the Gulf of Guinea in Western Africa. It is bordered by Benin in the West, Chad

and Cameroon in the East, while Niger in the North. Nigeria is endowed with coastal and inland

wetlands covering an estimated 3% of the country’s land surface. These include the Matgadru-Kabok

floodplains, Lake Chad, Hadejia-Nguru floodplains, Lekki Peninsula, Sokoto-Rima basin, the Lower

Ogun, Kirikasamma, Kainji Lake, Niger delta floodplains, the Ologe Lagoon, delta of the Cross River

and the Lagos coastal floodplains (Uluocha and Okeke, 2004). Wetlands being a complex ecosystem

are well-known for their bird richness (Abebe and Geheb, 2003). In Nigeria, about 848 bird species

have been documented for the country (Birdlife International, 2013). Of these, 436 species have been

confirmed as breeding residents, 180 resident species believed to breed, 150 being Palearctic visitors,

and 90 species as intra-African migrants, while the remainders have been regarded as vagrants

(Ezealor, 2001).

T


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Within the country, lies the first Ramsar site and an Important Bird Area (IBA), the Hadejia-Nguru

Wetlands - HNWs (Birdlife International, 2017). This wetland is considered as one of the most

important ornithological site in Nigeria, and West Africa by serving as home to both residents and

migratory bird species (Birdlife International, 2013). The wetland provides valuable good and

services to the indigenous communities living in the wetlands. These include the provision of fuel

wood, grazing grounds, fishing, farming, and source of food from the different plant species (Barbier

et al., 1997). The wetland produce about 6% of Nigeria’s inland fish catch with the output

approximately US$300, 000 per annum (Birdlife International, 2010).

In recent decades, extensive birds studies have been conducted in the wetlands (e.g. Garba-Boyi et al.,

1993; Polet, 1995; Ezealor et al., 1996; Ezealor and Giles, 1997; Akinsola et al., 2000; Oduntan et al., 2010;

Lameed, 2011; Sulaiman, 2010; Ringim, 2016). Despite these studies, and the significant importance

of the HNWs, checklist of the birds inhabiting the wetlands is lacking. With the help of the existing

studies (i.e. Sulaiman, 2010; Lameed, 2011; Ringim, 2016), the checklist of the birds in association with

the wetlands is presented for the first time.

Materials and methods

The HNWs is an extensive floodplain located in northeast, Nigeria (Figure 1). The wetland lies

between Latitude 12°15' N and 13°00N and longitudes 10°00' E and 11°00' E). The wetlands cover an

area of about 3500, 000 hectares, an altitude of 152- 305 m above sea level, and depth of about 1.5-7 m

(Abubakar and Abubakar, 2013; Birdlife International, 2015). Hausa, Kanuri and Fulani are the

dominant tribes in the wetlands. The wetland forms an essential part of the communities well-being

and livelihood through activities, such as agriculture, fishing, grazing, and exploitation of wetland

resources, e.g. fire wood, wild fruits, and honey (Barbier et al., 1997; Ogunkoya and Dami, 2007). In

terms of fisheries resources, the HNWs serve as a major source of fish, supplying approximately 6%

of Nigeria’s inland fish worth US$300 000 per annum (Birdlife International, 2010).

Figure 1: Location of the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands (Source: Eaton & Sarch, 1997)


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Methods

The methods used in compiling the present checklist of the HNW’s bird community includes the

findings of Lameed (2011), Sulaiman (2010), and Ringim (2016). Lameed (2011) used line transect in

three wetland sites (Gastu, Maram and Oxbow Lake) in wet and dry season. Sulaiman (2010) sampled

bird species using point count method within 32 wetland sites in the HNWs. Ringim (2016) surveyed

bird species within 14 wetland sites on 99 point count stations in the HNWs.

Data analyses

Categorization of bird species, that is, resident, intra-African migrant or Palearctic visitor followed

Borrow and Demey (2014). The conservation statuses of the threatened bird species were based on

International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (2017). With the

help of field assistants, the vernacular (Hausa) names of some bird species are provided.

Results and discussion

A total of 191 bird species belonging to 21 orders and 54 families were identified in association with

the wetlands (Table 1). Families with the highest species were Accipitridae (15 species), Ardeidae (11

species), and Columbidae (11 species), while those with the lowest species were Jacanidae and

Pteroclidae (2 species each), Phalacrocoracidae and Timalidae (1 species each). Two species of global

conservation concern (IUCN RedList 2017) were also recorded, the Vulnerable European turtle dove

(Streptopelia turtur) and the Near Threatened Pallid harrier (Circus macrourus). Summary of the

categories of bird species in the wetland is presented in Figure 2.

Table 1: A checklist of bird species recorded from HNWs

Family Bird name Vernacular (Hausa)

name

Bird status

Accipitridae African Harrier Hawk

Polyboroides typus

Bura kogo/Hura

kogo

Resident

African Marsh Harrier

Circus ranivoros

Shirwa Resident

African Swallow-tailed Kite

Chelictinia riocourii

Intra-African migrant

Black Kite

Milvus migrans

Bakin shaho Palearctic visitor

Black Shouldered Kite

Elanus axillaris

Resident

Dark Chanting Goshawk

Melierax metabates

Farin komo Resident

Gabar Goshawk

Micronisus gabar

Resident

Grasshopper Buzzard

Butastur rufipennis

Resident

Lizard Buzzard

Kaupifalco monogrammicus

Ci ƙadangaru Resident

Montagu's Harrier

Circus pygargus

Farin shaho Palearctic visitor

Ovambo Sparrow Hawk Resident


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Accipiter ovampensis

Pallid Harrier

Circus macrourus

Palearctic visitor

Shikra

Accipeter badius

Kusarkama Intra-African migrant

Western Marsh Harrier

Circus aeruginosus

Palearctic visitor

Yellow-billed Kite

Milvus migrans parasitus


Alcedinidae African Pygmy Kingfisher

Ispidina picta


Grey-headed Kingfisher

Halcyon leucocephala


Malachite Kingfisher

Corythornis cristatus

Tsintara/Tsinyar

malam

Resident

Pied kingfisher

Ceryle rudis

Dan kwalam Resident

Anatidae African Pygmy goose

Nettapus auritus

Resident

Fulvous Whistling Duck

Dendrocygna bicolor

Kici Resident

Garganey

Spatula querquedula

Kakira Palearctic visitor

Knob-billed Duck

Sarkidiornis melanotos

Kwarwa Intra-African migrant

Northern Shoveler

Spatula clypeata

Palearctic visitor

Spur-winged Goose

Plectropterus gambensis

Dinya Resident

White-faced Whistling Duck

Dendrocygna viduata

Ƙirinjijiya Resident

Apodidae African Palm Swift

Cypsiurus parvus

Tsatstseewala Resident

Common Swift

Apus apus

Palearctic visitor

Little Swift

Apus affinis

Resident

Ardeidae Black Heron

Egretta ardesiaca

Resident

Black-headed Heron

Ardea melanocephala

Baƙin zalbe Resident

Cattle Egret

Bubulcus ibis

Balbela Resident

Great Egret

Ardea alba

Farin Zalbe Resident

Green-backed Heron

Butorides striata

Resident

Grey Heron

Ardea cinerea

Palearctic visitor

Intermediate Egret Resident


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Ardea intermedia

Little Bittern

Ixobrychus minutus

Palearctic visitor

Little Egret

Egretta garzetta


Purple Heron

Aredea purperea

Jan zalbe Palearctic visitor

Squacco Heron

Ardea rolloides

Makwabo Palearctic visitor

Bucerotidae African Grey Hornbill

Lopoceros nasutus

Cilakowa, Gaula Intra-African migrant

Northern Red-billed Hornbill

Tockus erythrorhynchus

Kokaci, Kumare Resident

Caprimulgidae Standard-winged Nightjar

Caprimulgus longipennis


Charadriidae Black-headed Lapwing

Vanellus tectus

Zakaran ƙeƙuwa Resident

Spur-winged Lapwing

Vanellus spinosus

Resident

Kittlitz's Plover

Charadrius pecuarius

Palearctic visitor

White-fronted Plover

Charadrius marginatus

Resident

Ciconiidae Abdim's Stork

Ciconia abdimii

Shamuwa Intra-African migrant

African Openbill Stork

Anastomus lamelligerus

Ci ma kankare Intra-African migrant

Black Stork

Ciconia nigra

Palearctic visitor

Marabou Stork

Leptoptilos crumenifer

Babba da jaka Resident

White Stork

Ciconia ciconia

Galantoyi Palearctic visitor

Coliidae Blue-naped Mousebird

Urocolius macrourus

Kileoandamma Resident

Columbidae African Collared Dove

Streptopelia roseogrisea

Resident

African Mourning Dove

Streptopelia decipiens

Mai zobe Resident

Black-billed wood Dove

Turtur abyssinicus

Resident

Blue-spotted Wood Dove

Turtur afer

Resident

European Turtle Dove

Streptopelia turtur

Palearctic visitor

Laughing Dove

Streptopelia senegalensis

Kurciya Resident

Namaqua Dove

Oena capensis

Kafirdo/Bardo

sarkin hakuri

Resident

Red-eyed Dove Resident


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Streptopelia semitorquata

Speckled Pigeon

Columba guinea

Hasbiya Resident

Tambourine Dove

Turtur tympanistria

Resident

Vinaceous Dove

Streptopelia vinacea

Farar waalaa Resident

Coraciidae Abyssinian Roller

Coracias abyssinicus

Tsanwaka Resident

Cuculidae Great Spotted Cuckoo

Clamator glandarius

Sura Palearctic visitor

Senegal Coucal

Centropus senegalensis

Ragon maza Resident

Falconidae Common Kestrel

Falco tinnunculus

Karamatta Palearctic visitor

Grey Kestrel

Falco ardosiaceus

Surau Resident

Lanner Falcon

Falco biarmicus

Resident

Red-necked Falcon

Falco ruficollis

Resident

Glareolidae Black-winged Pratincole

Glareola nirdmanni

Palearctic visitor

Collared Praticole

Glareola pratincola

Resident

Jacanidae African Jacana

Actophilornis africanus

Resident

Lesser Jacana

Microparra capensis

Resident

Laridae Common Tern

Sterna hirundo

Palearctic visitor

Grey-headed Gull

Larus cirrocephalus

Palearctic visitor

Gull-billed Tern

Gelochelidon nilotica

Palearctic visitor

Whiskered tern

Chilidonias hybrida

Palearctic visitor

Lybiidae Bearded Barbet

Pogoniulus dubius

Dodon duhuwa Resident

Vieillot's Barbet

Lybius vieilloti

Resident

Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird

Pogoniulus chrysoconus

Resident

Meropidae Little Bee-eater

Merops pusillus

Resident

Little Green Bee-eater

Merops orientalis

Resident

Northern Carmine Bee-eater

Merops nubicus


White-throated Bee-eater Intra-African migrant


21

Merops albicollis

Musophagidae Western Grey Plantain-eater

Crinifer piscator

Kulkulu Resident

Numididae Helmeted Guinefowl

Numida meleagris

Zabuwa Resident

Odontophoridae Stone Patridge

Ptilopachus petrosus

Resident

Pandionidae Osprey

Pandion halieatus

Palearctic visitor

Phalacrocoracidae Long-tailed Cormorant

Microcarbus africanus

Caaga Resident

Phasianidae Clapperton's Francolin

Pternistis clappertoni

Resident

Double-spurred Francolin

Pternistis petrosus

Fakara Resident

Picidae Grey Woodpecker

Mesopicos goertae

Maƙwaƙƙwafi Resident

Psittacidae Red-headed Lovebird

Agapornis pullarius

Resident

Senegal Parrot

Poicephalus senegalus

Tsirwa Resident

Rose-ringed Parakeet

Psittacula krameri

Kaloo Resident

Pteroclidae Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse

Pterocles exustus


Four-banded Sandgrouse

Pterocles quadricinctus

Burkulli Intra-African migrant

Rallidae Allen's Gallinule

Porphyrio alleni


Black Crake

Zapornia flavirostra

Babura Resident

Common Moorhen

Gallinula chloropus

Palearctic visitor

Lesser Moorhen

Gallinula angulata


Purple Swamphen

Porphyrio porphyrio

Gwandara Resident

Recurvirostridae Black-winged Stilt

Himantopus himantopus

Resident

Rostratulidae Greater Painted-snipe

Rostratula benghalensis

Resident

Scolopacidae Common Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

Palearctic visitor

Common Greenshank

Tringa nebularia

Palearctic visitor

Common Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

Palearctic visitor

Common Snipe

Gallinago gallinago

Palearctic visitor

Green Sandpiper Palearctic visitor


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Tringa ochropus

Little Stint

Calidris minuta

Palearctic visitor

Marsh sandpiper

Tringa stagnatilis

Palearctic visitor

Ruff

Philomachus pugnax

Palearctic visitor

Spotted Redshank

Tringa erythropus

Palearctic visitor

Wood Sandpiper

Tringa glareola

Palearctic visitor

Scopidae Hamerkop

Scopus umbretta

Resident

Threskiornithidae Glossy Ibis

Plegadis falcinellus

Palearctic visitor

African Sacred Ibis

Threskiornis aethiopicus

Resident

Upupidae Green wood-hoopoe

Phoeniculus purpureus

Jabar kogo Palearctic visitor

Hoopoe

Upupa epops

Alhudahuda/Ka

huhu

Palearctic visitor

Acrocephalidae Western Olivaceous Warbler

Iduna opaca

Palearctic visitor

Alaudidae Black-crowned Sparrow Lark

Eremopterix nigriceps

Takatoyi Resident

Chestnut-backed Sparrow Lark

Eremopterix leucotis


Crested Lark

Galerida cristata

Maala Resident

Sun Lark

Galerida modesta

Resident

Cisticolidae Grey-backed Camaroptera

Camaroptera brachyura

Resident

Singing Cisticola

Cisticola cantans

Resident

Tawny-flanked Prinia

Prinia subflava

Resident

Winding Cisticola

Cisticola juncidis

Resident

Zitting Cisticola

Cisticola fasciata

Resident

Corvidae Piapiac

Ptilostomus afer

Carkin giwa Resident

Pied Crow

Corvus albus

Hankaka Resident

Estrildidae African Silverbill

Lonchura cantas

Taru mu kwana Resident

Black rumped waxbill

Estrilda troglodytes

Resident

Cut-throat Finch Resident


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Amadina fasciata

Green-winged Pytilia

Pytilia melba

Resident

Red-billed Firefinch

Lagonosticta senegala

Baa’u /Benu Resident

Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu

Uraeginthus bengalus

Asisi Resident

Fringillidae White-rumped Seedeater

Crithagra leucopygia

Farari daka Resident

Hirundinidae Common Sand Martin

Riparia riparia

Palearctic visitor

Ethiopian Swallow

Hirundo aethiopica


Lesser Striped Swallow

Cecropis abyssinica


Mosque Swallow

Cecropis senegalensis

Alallaka Resident

Plain Martin

Riparia paludicola

Resident

West African Swallow

Ceropis domicella


Laniidae Southern Grey Shrike

Lanius meridionalis

Resident

Woodchat Shrike

Lanius senator

Palearctic visitor

Yellow-billed Shrike

Corvinella corvina

Resident

Malaconotidae Black-crowned Tchagra

Tchagra senegalus

Resident

Yellow-crowned Gonolek

Laniarius barbarus

Resident

Motacillidae Yellow Wagtail

Motacilla flava

Hana noma Palearctic visitor

Muscicapidae Black Scrub Robin

Cercotrichas podobe

Resident

Northern Anteater-chat

Myrmecocichla nigra

Feri Resident

Northern Wheatear

Oenanthe oenanthe

Palearctic visitor

Nectariniidae Beautiful Sunbird

Nectarinia pulchella

Janjau/Sha

huda/Sha furai


Pygmy Sunbird

Anthodiaeta platura

Resident

Passeridae Bush Petronia

Petronia dentata

Resident

Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-weaver

Plocepasser superciliosus

Resident

Northern Grey-headed Sparrow

Passer griseus

Magwara/Gwara Resident

Speckle-fronted Weaver Resident


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Sporopipes frontalis

Sudan Golden Sparrow

Passer luteus

Bankwalo Intra-African migrant

Ploceidae Black-headed Weaver

Ploceus melanocephalus

Resident

Little Weaver

Ploceus luteolus

Kabarai Resident

Northern Red Bishop

Euplectes franciscanus

Janja luguda/Dogari Resident

Red-billed Quelea

Quelea quelea

Janbai Intra-African migrant

Red-headed Quelea

Quelea erythrops

Janbai Intra-African migrant

Village Weaver

Ploceus intermedius

Kabaréé Resident

Vitellin Masked Weaver

Ploceus intermedius

Resident

White-billed Buffalo Weaver

Bubalornis albirostris

Cakwai-kwaiwa Resident

Yellow-crowned Bishop

Euplectes afer

Resident

Pycnonotidae Common Bulbul

Pycnonotus barbatus

Koji Resident

Sturnidae Chestnut-bellied Starling

Lamprotornis pulcher

Shaya mai jan kirji Resident

Great Blue-eared Starling

Lamprotornis chalybaeus

Shaaya Resident

Long-tailed Glossy Starling

Lamprotornis caudatus

Ƙila-Ƙilai Resident

Purple Glossy Starling

Lamprotornis purpureus

Resident

Yellow-billed Oxpecker

Buphagus africanus

Carki Resident

Sylviidae African Reed Warbler

Acrocephalus baeticus


Common Whitethroat

Sylvia communis

Palearctic visitor

European Reed Warbler

Acrocephalus scirpaceus

Palearctic visitor

Greater Swamp Warbler

Acrocepahlus rufescens

Resident

Lesser Swamp Warbler

Acrocepahlus gracilirostris

Resident

Lesser Whitethroat

Sylvia currura

Palearctic visitor

Melodious Warbler

Hippolais polyglotta

Palearctic visitor

Northern Crombec

Sylvietta brachyura

Resident

Sedge Warbler Palearctic visitor


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Acrocephalus schoenobaenus

Willow Warbler

Phylloscopus trochilus

Palearctic visitor

Timalidae Brown Babbler

Turdoides plebejus

Kaca-kaca Resident

Viduidae Pin-tailed whydah

Vidua macroura

Resident

Sahel Paradise Whydah

Vidua orientalis

Zallaidu Resident

Village Indigobird

Vidua chalybaeta

Ɗan baƙi Resident

Figure 2: Number and categories of bird species recorded in HNWs

The 191 bird species recorded in HNWs highlights it’s ornithological importance by serving as habitat

and roosting sites for a good number of residents, intra-African migrant, and Palearctic visitor bird

species. Efforts to conserve birds in the wetland dated back to 1987 when the Hadejia-Nguru

Wetlands Conservation (HNWCP) was founded by the World Conservation Union (now

International Union for Conservation of Nature). Since then, several projects, such as the UNEP/GEF

Wings Over Wetlands (WOW) and Birdlife International projects, such as Living on the Edge projects

(LoTE) tried to safeguard the wetlands and its bird species. Many parts of the HNWs have now been

converted into farmlands, in addition to the invasion of Typha domingensis which has led to a

reduction of a large portion of the wetlands, resulting to loss of wintering and roosting sites for birds.

On the other hand, negative human activities such as poaching of birds, particularly large water birds

(e.g. ducks and geese) around the wetlands poses a great threat to the wetland ecology and birds. The

HNWs, a Ramsar site and an IBA holds an avenue for bird watching and other recreational activities

which have shown to aid in wildlife conservation “ecotourism” (Isaacs, 2000). Ecotourism when

successfully conducted will serve as alternative form of economic development such as hunting,

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Intra-African

migrant

Palearctic

visitor

Resident

27

47

117

No.

of

bir

d s

pec

ies


26

logging, mining, or agriculture, because it has the potential to protect the wetland natural areas and

benefit local people (Magige, 2010). Although the wetlands are under high human pressures, they

also hold a great opportunities for educational and scientific research studies. These activities (e.g.

increase agricultural activities) may negatively influence the bird community, especially the intra-

African migrants and palearctic visitors. These depend on the wetlands during the northern winter

and other passage migrants that rest and refuel during the annual cycle.

Conclusion and recommendations

The HNWs harbour many bird species, including globally threatened species. However, in order to

maintain the bird community and other biodiversity of the HNWs, the management need to increase

conservation measures that will ensure the protection of the wetlands. Public awareness on the wise

use of the wetlands as suggested by Ramsar Convention should strongly be encouraged. More studies

on bird diversity are needed to provide a complete checklist on the wetlands bird community.


27

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A Checklist for Birds of Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria · 2017. 6. 14. · Dutse Journal of Pure...

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Transcript of A Checklist for Birds of Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria · 2017. 6. 14. · Dutse Journal of Pure...