(A Bureau Veritas Group Company) 8 - 2 - 248/A/42...

EIA & EMP for

Pet Coke Evacuation Project

For IOCL Paradip Refinery

Odisha -

Above Ground Conveyor belt

Project Proponent

Indian Oil Corporation LimitedParadip Refinery, Odisha

Prepared by

Bagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited

(A Bureau Veritas Group Company)8-2-248/A/42, Venkateshwara Hills, Road # 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad–500 034

[email protected], www.bhagavathianalabs.com

(NABL & MOEF approved Laboratory and NABET accredited EIA Consulting

Organization)

May 2015

Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan for

Pet Coke Evacuation Project, Paradip Refinery , Odisha

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited.

Document Reference : IND.BH.41.14.0139 Rev. 01 Final

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Risk Assessment (RA) Studies for Obtaining CRZ Clearance for Pet Coke Evacuation Project at Paradip Refinery, Odisha

Declaration of Consultant

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final iii

A. DECLARATION

Declaration by Experts Contributing to the EIA - “EIA for the proposed Pet Coke Evacuation Plant of M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. at Paradeep, Orissa” I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA. EIA Coordinator: Name

:

E.Shyam Sundar

Signature & Date

:

Period of Involvement : September, 2014 to till date Contact Information : Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Limited, Road # 3, Banjara Hills,

Hyderabad- 500 034; Ph: 040-23356908 Functional Area Experts:

S. No.

Functional Areas Name of the

Expert/s Involvement

(Period & Task) Signature & Date

1 AP (Air Pollution Monitoring, Prevention & Control)

E Shyam Sundar

Air Pollution Control Measures (September, 2014 to January, 2015)

2 SE (Socio-Economics) K Nanaji Socioeconomic study (September, 2014 to January, 2015)

3 EB (Ecology and Biodiversity)

Dr P K Swain Ecology, flora & fauna (September, 2014)

4 SHW (Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management)

E Shyam Sundar

Solid waste management (September, 2014 to January, 2015)

5 HG (Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation)

P V R S Surendra

Hydrogeology (September, 2014 to January, 2015)

6 SC (Soil Conservation) Bh Hari Babu -

7 AQ (Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction)

E Shyam Sundar

Air Quality Modeling and GLCs predictions (September, 2014 to January, 2015)

8 NV (Noise/ Vibration) B Narsimha Rao

Noise predictions (September, 2014 to January, 2015)

9 WP (Water Pollution Monitoring, Prevention & Control)

E Shyam Sundar

Wastewater treatment (September, 2014 to January, 2015)



Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final iv

S. No.

Functional Areas Name of the

Expert/s Involvement

(Period & Task) Signature & Date

10 LU (Land Use) Uday Mahesh

Land Use / Land Cover of study area (September, 2014 to January, 2015)

11 RH (Risk Assessment & Hazard Management)

K Sandhya Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan (September, 2014 to January, 2015)

B. DECLARATION BY THE HEAD OF THE ACCREDITED CONSULTANT

ORGANIZATION/AUTHORIZED PERSON

I, E Shyam Sundar, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA - “EIA for the proposed Pet Coke Evacuation Plant of M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. at Paradeep, Orissa”. I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature : Name : E Shyam Sundar

Designation : Head (Env)

Name of the EIA Consultant Organization : Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Limited

(A Bureau Veritas Group Company) NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date : NABET/EIA/1316/RA/008, Dated 27th March 2015



Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final v

C. TEAM MEMBERS & FIELD MONITORING EXPERTS

Team Members:

S.No. Functional Areas Name of the

Team Member Involvement

(Period & Task)

1 AP (Air Pollution Monitoring, Prevention & Control), EB (Ecology and Biodiversity)

K Sandhya September, 2014 to January, 2015

2 AP (Air Pollution Monitoring, Prevention & Control)

M Raju September, 2014 to January, 2015

Field Monitoring Team:

S.No. Field Monitoring Team

1 Sarath Pradhan

2 Kalindhi Panigrahi


Review & Revision History

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final vi

D. REVIEW AND REVISION HISTORY

History of revisions of the present report:

Rev Date Modifications

Rev. 00 Draft 29/10/2015 Draft EIA & RA Report for Client Review

Rev. 01 Final 05/02/2015 Final EIA & RA Report

Table I: History of the Revisions

Document No. IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR, Rev. 01, Final

Rev. 01 Final

07/05/2015

Final EIA & RA Report

K. Sandhya M.V.

Raghavacharyulu E. Shyam Sundar

REV DATE DESCRIPTION REVIEW-1 REVIEW-2 APPROVAL

This Report has been prepared by Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited on behalf of and for the use of the Customer with due consideration and skill as per our general terms and conditions of business and terms of agreement with the Customer.


Contents

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final C-vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 11

1.1 Identification of Project and Project Proponent ............................................................................ 11 1.1.1 Project Proponent ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.1.2 Identification of Project .................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Need and Justification for the Conveyor Belt ............................................................................... 12 1.3 Description of the Project ................................................................................................................ 12 1.3.1 Surrounding Environment ............................................................................................................... 12 1.3.2 Details of Environmental Setting .................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Legislative Background ................................................................................................................... 17 1.5 Scope of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 18 1.6 Methodology of the Study ............................................................................................................... 18 1.7 Organization of the Report .............................................................................................................. 19

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 21 2.1 Description of the Conveyor ........................................................................................................... 21 2.1.1 Project Location ................................................................................................................................ 21 2.1.2 Details of Conveyor Belt .................................................................................................................. 21 2.2 Status of Infrastructure Developed at Site .................................................................................... 23 2.3 Climatological Data .......................................................................................................................... 23 2.4 Process Description ......................................................................................................................... 23 2.4.1 Delayed Cocker Unit to Storage Yard (existing): ......................................................................... 24 2.4.2 Delayed Cocker Unit to Truck Loading (existing): ....................................................................... 24 2.4.3 Delayed Cocker Unit to Silo Building near RRLS: ....................................................................... 24 2.4.4 Storage yard to Silo Building: ......................................................................................................... 24 2.4.5 Silo Building to RRLS: ..................................................................................................................... 24 2.5 Dust Prevention Measures .............................................................................................................. 24 2.5.1 Pipe conveyor instead of conventional conveyor ........................................................................ 24 2.5.2 Cold Fog Dust Suppression (CFDS) system at transfer point ................................................... 25 2.5.3 Dust extraction system for Silo Building and RRLS .................................................................... 25

3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS............................................................................................... 31 3.1 Meteorology ....................................................................................................................................... 31 3.1.1 Observations of Secondary Data ................................................................................................... 31 3.1.2 Wind Speed/Direction ...................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Ambient Air Quality........................................................................................................................... 39 3.2.1 Methodology adopted for Air Quality Survey ................................................................................ 39 3.2.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ............................................................................................ 41 3.2.3 Presentation of Primary Data.......................................................................................................... 41 3.2.4 Observations of Primary Data ........................................................................................................ 43 3.3 Noise Level Survey .......................................................................................................................... 43 3.3.1 Identification of Sampling Locations .............................................................................................. 43 3.3.2 Methodology of Data Generation ................................................................................................... 44 3.3.3 Presentation of Results ................................................................................................................... 47 3.3.4 Observations ..................................................................................................................................... 47 3.4 Water Quality .................................................................................................................................... 47 3.4.1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 47 3.4.2 Water Sampling Locations .............................................................................................................. 48 3.4.3 Observations ..................................................................................................................................... 48 3.5 Soil Characteristics........................................................................................................................... 53 3.5.1 Baseline Soil Status ......................................................................................................................... 53 3.6 Ecological Studies ............................................................................................................................ 55


Contents

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final C-viii

3.6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 55 3.6.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................................................... 55 3.6.3 Methodology Adopted for the Survey ............................................................................................ 56 3.6.4 Terrestrial Ecological Status ........................................................................................................... 56 3.6.5 Terrestrial Fauna .............................................................................................................................. 63 3.6.6 Aquatic Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................... 65 3.7 Marine Environment ......................................................................................................................... 68 3.8 Demography and Socio-Economics .............................................................................................. 73 3.8.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study .............................................................................................. 73 3.8.2 Demography ...................................................................................................................................... 73 3.8.3 Social Structure ................................................................................................................................ 74 3.8.4 Literacy Levels .................................................................................................................................. 74 3.8.5 Occupational Structure .................................................................................................................... 75 3.8.6 Health environment .......................................................................................................................... 75

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES ........................ 78 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 78 4.2 Impacts during Construction and Operational Phase ................................................................. 78 4.2.1 Impact on Topography ..................................................................................................................... 79 4.2.2 Impact on Climate ............................................................................................................................ 79 4.2.3 Impact on Air Quality ........................................................................................................................ 79 4.2.4 Impact on Noise levels ..................................................................................................................... 80 4.2.5 Impact on Hydrology & Water Quality ........................................................................................... 80 4.2.6 Impact Due to Solid Waste Generation ......................................................................................... 80 4.2.7 Impact on Ecological Resources .................................................................................................... 81 4.2.8 Impact on Aquatic Ecology ............................................................................................................. 81 4.2.9 Impact on Human Use Values ........................................................................................................ 81

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ................................................................................... 83 5.1 Environmental Monitoring Program ............................................................................................... 83 5.1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 83 5.1.2 Environmental Effects Monitoring In EIA ...................................................................................... 83 5.1.3 Proposed Environmental Monitoring Program ............................................................................. 84

6. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................... 85 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 85 6.1.1 Objectives of Risk Assessment Study ........................................................................................... 85 6.1.2 Scope of Work .................................................................................................................................. 85 6.2 Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) Analysis ............................................................................... 85 6.2.1 Methodology of MCA Analysis........................................................................................................ 85 6.2.2 Past Accident Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 85 6.2.3 Hazard Identification (HAZID) ......................................................................................................... 86 6.2.4 Conclusions on MCA analysis ........................................................................................................ 86 6.3 Disaster Management Plan ............................................................................................................. 86 6.3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 86 6.3.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan [DMP] ........................................................................ 86 6.3.3 Key Elements of Disaster Management Plan ............................................................................... 87 6.4 Emergencies ..................................................................................................................................... 87 6.4.1 General Emergencies ...................................................................................................................... 87 6.4.2 Specific Emergencies Anticipated .................................................................................................. 87 6.4.3 Emergency Organization ................................................................................................................. 88 6.4.4 Emergency Management Interface ................................................................................................ 88 6.4.5 Areas of Interface ............................................................................................................................. 89


Contents

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final C-ix

6.4.6 Emergency Reporting ...................................................................................................................... 89 6.4.7 Emergency Responsibilities ............................................................................................................ 89 6.4.8 Emergency Communication ............................................................................................................ 91 6.4.9 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency .................................................. 92 6.4.10 Emergency Facilities.................................................................................................................... 92 6.4.11 Emergency Actions ...................................................................................................................... 93 6.4.12 General Information ..................................................................................................................... 93 6.4.13 Co-ordination with Local Authorities .......................................................................................... 94 6.4.14 Mutual Aid ..................................................................................................................................... 94 6.4.15 Mock Drills ..................................................................................................................................... 94 6.4.16 Important Information .................................................................................................................. 94 6.4.17 Emergency Preparedness Plan ................................................................................................. 95 6.5 Occupational Health and Safety review ........................................................................................ 95 6.5.1 Occupational Health ......................................................................................................................... 96 6.5.2 Safety Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 97 6.5.3 Safety Organization .......................................................................................................................... 98

7. EMP - ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS ................................................................................................... 100 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 100 7.2 Formation of an Environmental Management System .............................................................. 100 7.2.1 Implementation of an Environmental Management System .................................................... 100 7.3 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures ..................................................................... 104 7.4 Institutional Arrangements for Pollution Control ........................................................................ 104 7.5 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures .............................................................................. 105

8. PROJECT BENEFITS ............................................................................................................................. 106 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ................................................................................ 107

9.1 Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited ......................................................................................... 107

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Index Map ........................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 1-2: 10-Km Radius Map Showing Conveyor ............................................................................. 15 Figure 1-3 : Refinery Layout Showing Conveyor Belt Crossing Santa Creek (Pink Colour) ................ 16 Figure 2-1: Proposed Conveyor Route (Pink Colour Line) ................................................................... 26 Figure 2-2 : Map Showing Htl And Ltl Demarcation At Santa Creek Crossing ..................................... 27 Figure 2-3: Google Map Showing Conveyour Route ............................................................................ 28 Figure 3-1: Pre-Monsoon Wind Rose (Imd-Paradip Port) ..................................................................... 33 Figure 3-2 : Monsoon Wind Rose (Imd-Paradip Port) .......................................................................... 34 Figure 3-3: Post-Monsoon Wind Rose (Imd-Paradip Port) ................................................................... 35 Figure 3-4 : Winter Wind Rose (Imd-Paradip Port) ............................................................................... 36 Figure 3-5: Annual Wind Rose (Imd-Paradip Port) ............................................................................... 37 Figure 3-6: Site Specific Wind Rose (Study Period October To December-14) ................................... 38 Figure 3-7: Ambient Air Quality Locations Photographs ....................................................................... 40 Figure 3-8: Ambient Air Quality Locations ............................................................................................. 40 Figure 3-9: Noise Monitoring Locations ................................................................................................ 45 Figure 3-10: Noise Monitoring Locations .............................................................................................. 45 Figure 3-11: Water And Soil Sampling Locations ................................................................................. 49 Figure 3-12: Photographs Showing Water Sampling Points ................................................................. 52 Figure 3-13: Photographs Showing Soil Sampling Points .................................................................... 55 Figure 3-14: Photographs Showing Ecological Survey ......................................................................... 72 Figure 3-15: Socio Economic Survey .................................................................................................... 77


Contents

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final C-x

LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Details Of Environmental Setting ......................................................................................... 13 Table 1-2: Environmental Attributes And Frequency Of Monitoring ..................................................... 18 Table 3-1: Climatological Data, Imd Paradip Port (1989-2004) ............................................................ 31 Table 3-2: Summary Of Wind Pattern – Imd Paradip Port .................................................................... 32 Table 3-3: Micrometeorological Data For Study Area (October To December-2014) .......................... 38 Table 3-4: Details Of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ............................................................. 41 Table 3-5: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .......................................................... 41 Table 3-6: Summary Of Ambient Air Quality Results ............................................................................. 42 Table 3-7: Summary Of Ambient Air Quality Results ............................................................................. 42 Table 3-8: Details Of Noise Monitoring Locations................................................................................. 44 Table 3-9: Noise Levels [Db (A)] In The Study Area .............................................................................. 47 Table 3-10: Details Of Water Sampling Locations ................................................................................. 48 Table 3-11: Surface Water Quality ........................................................................................................ 50 Table 3-12: Ground Water Quality ........................................................................................................ 50 Table 3-13: Soil Sampling Locations .................................................................................................... 53 Table 3-14: Analytical Techniques For Soil Analysis ............................................................................ 53 Table 3-15: Soil Analysis Results ......................................................................................................... 54 Table 3-16: Standard Soil Classification ............................................................................................... 54 Table 3-17: Terrestrial Ecological Sampling Locations ........................................................................... 56 Table 3-18: List Of Trees In The Paradip Region ................................................................................. 57 Table 3-19: List Of Shrubs In The Region ............................................................................................ 60 Table 3-20: List Of Herbs In The Region .............................................................................................. 61 Table 3-21: List Of Climbers In The Region .......................................................................................... 63 Table 3-22: List Of Avi-Fauna In The Region ....................................................................................... 64 Table 3-23: List Of Fauna In The Region .............................................................................................. 65 Table 3-24: Details Of Aquatic Sampling Locations ............................................................................... 66 Table 3-25: List Of Fresh Water Fish In The Study Area ...................................................................... 66 Table 3-26: List Of Phytoplankton In The Study Area ......................................................................... 67 Table 3-27: List Of Zooplankton In The Study Area ............................................................................. 68 Table 3-28: List Of Algae Observed In The Study Area ....................................................................... 68 Table 3-29: Water And Sediment Characteristics ................................................................................. 69 Table 3-30: List Of Marine Fish In The Study Area .............................................................................. 70 Table 3-31: Species Wise And Yearwise Marine Fish Landing In ........................................................ 70 Table 3-32: Species Diversity Index Of Marine Fish ............................................................................. 71 Table 3-33: Distribution Of Population .................................................................................................. 73 Table 3-34: Distribution Of Population By Social Structure .................................................................... 74 Table 3-35: Distribution Of Literate And Literacy Rates ......................................................................... 74 Table 3-36: Occupational Structure ....................................................................................................... 75 Table 3-37: Patients Treated From January 2012-October 2012 ......................................................... 76 Table 3-38: Maternity Cases ................................................................................................................. 76 Table 3-39: Patients Treated In Each Category Of Disease ................................................................. 76 Table 5-1: Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................ 84 Table 7-1: Implementation Schedule ................................................................................................... 104


Chapter-1

Introduction

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final C1-11

1. INTRODUCTION Indian Oil Corporation Limited (“IOCL”), is setting up a 15 MMTPA grass root fuel refinery in first phase at Paradip in the State of Odisha, India (“Project”) at a distance of approx. 5 KM from Paradip Port. Construction of Paradip Refinery is in advance stage of completion and the same is commissioned. IOCL has proposed to set up a Pet Coke Evacuation Facility through Rapid Rail Loading System (RRLS) with allied facilities including Railway Siding in the North side of the creek at Paradip Refinery Complex, Paradip, Odisha. Pet Coke Evacuation Facility”, includes Pet Coke Conveying System, Rapid Loading System (RLS) along with allied facilities including integration with Delayed Coker Unit (DCU), associated utilities & offsite works including integrating and interfacing with existing refinery. As per the CRZ Notification 2011, the proposed conveyor belt is categorized into CRZ-III and requires CRZ clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), hence IOCL proposes to carry out the necessary environmental impact assessment and risk assessment studies for the proposed conveyor belt. The proposed conveyor belt is a part of the 15 MMTPA Paradip Refinery Project. Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India has already accorded Environmental Clearance (EC) and CRZ clearance for the Paradip Refinery Project (PDRP), vide Letter No. J-11011/26/97-IA.II (I) dated 24

th December 1997 and letter no. F. No. J-11011/70/2007-IA II

(I) dated 6th July’07 respectively. EC and CRZ clearance for jetty and backup area has been

received vide letter no F.No.11-117/2009-IA-III dated 13th July 2012. Copy of both the letters

are enclosed as Annexure-I. EC dated 06.01.2015 has also been received which includes Petcoke evacuation through rapid railway loading system, which is enclosed as Annexure-II. Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited (BALPL), Hyderabad has been assigned to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Risk Assessment (RA) study and preparation of Environment Management Plan (EMP) for various environmental components, which may be affected due to the impacts arising out of the proposed conveyor belt.

1.1 Identification of Project and Project Proponent

1.1.1 Project Proponent

Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is India’s flagship energy major and the country’s largest commercial enterprise with a turnover of Rs. 4,57,553 crores and profits of Rs. 7,019 crores for the financial year 2013-14. It is also the highest ranked Indian company in the prestigious Fortune ‘Global 500’ listing at 96

th position in the year 2014.

Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is one of the Public Sector Companies in India and is controlling about 10 out of 21 India’s oil refineries. The group’s refining capacity is 65.7 million metric tons per annum (MMTPA) i.e. 1.3 million barrels per day. These include two refineries of subsidiary Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (CPCL) and one of Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (BRPL).


Chapter-1

Introduction


The corporation's cross-country crude oil and product pipeline network spanning about 11,214 km, the largest in the country, meets the vital energy needs of the consumers in an efficient, economical and environment-friendly manner.

1.1.2 Identification of Project

IOCL is in the process to install and commission 15 MMPTA Grassroots Refinery at Paradip, Odisha. While refining the crude, Petroleum Coke also called as Pet Coke is separated as residue by-product which is a solid high carbon material. Pet coke can serve as either energy source or carbon source. 71% total Fuel grade pet coke is used as energy source. IOCL’s Paradip Refinery shall produce about 1.3 million metric tons of pet coke. It is proposed to convey the pet coke from south refinery to north refinery by combination of pipe conveyor and troughed conveyer to silos located at Rapid Loading System (RLS) in north refinery from where the material shall be transported by rail. The proposed conveyor will be laid on the support structures and along the route, it will cross Santa Creek over the existing bridge. The pipe Conveyor length of approx. 87.35 m out of total of the total length of approx. 4.5 km will be crossing the Santa Creek which attracts the CRZM Notification 2011.

1.2 Need and Justification for the Conveyor Belt

For cost effective and environmental friendly means of evacuation of products from the refinery coke pile to Rapid Rail Loading, the proposed conveyor belt is being planned. In view of the above, the proposed conveyor belt project is justified.

1.3 Description of the Project

1.3.1 Surrounding Environment

Salient Features along the conveyor belt:

Sr. No Particulars Details

1 Reserved/Protected Forests Protected Forest near Balithuna Protected Forest near Gobindpur

2 Terrain Flat

3 Water bodies Conveyor belt cross Santa Creek while traversing from South Refinery to North Refinery

1.3.2 Details of Environmental Setting

Conveyor belt and the surrounding study area are covered under Survey of India Topo sheet No’s 73 L/11 and L/12. The details of environmental setting are given in Table-1.1. The location map and study area map are given in Figure-1.1 and Figure-1.2 respectively.


Chapter-1

Introduction


TABLE 1-1: DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

Sr. No. Particulars Details

1 Coordinates of Santa Creek crossing

20o14’51.69”N, 86

o36’17.82”E

20o15’00.26”N, 86

o36’26.58”E

2 General Elevation above MSL 1 m (Existing Developed land for Paradip Refinery Project)

3 Climatic conditions as per IMD Jagatsinghpur

A] Annual Max. Temp: 42.4oC

B] Annual Min. Temp: 11.3oC

C] Max. annual rainfall: 2251.7 mm

4 Nearest Highways NH-5A, 5.5 km

5 Nearest Railway Station Paradip, 3.1 km N

6 Nearest Airport Bhubaneswar, 120 km

7 Nearest Town Paradip town, 1.0 km

8 Forest areas Protected forest near Udaychandpur, 3.5 km Jodidhankud PF, 5.2 km NE

9

Major River Bodies Mahanadi River, 4.6 km NE

10 Ecologically sensitive areas Mangrove Swamp, along the creek

10 Notified Historical/ Archaeological/ Tourist Places

Nil

11 Defence and other related Establishments

Nil


Chapter-1

Introduction


FIGURE 1-1: INDEX MAP


Chapter-1

Introduction


FIGURE 1-2: 10-KM RADIUS MAP SHOWING Conveyor


Chapter-1

Introduction


FIGURE 1-3 : REFINERY LAYOUT SHOWING CONVEYOR BELT CROSSING SANTA CREEK (PINK COLOUR)


Chapter-1

Introduction


1.4 Legislative Background

The Central Government, with a view to ensure livelihood security to the fisher communities and other local communities, living in the coastal areas, to conserve and protect coastal stretches, its unique environment and its marine area and to promote development through sustainable manner based on scientific principles taking into account the dangers of natural hazards in the coastal areas, sea level rise due to global warming, does hereby, declare the coastal stretches of the country and the water area up to its territorial water limit, as Coastal Regulation Zone and restricts the setting up and expansion of any industry, operations or processes and manufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous substances in the aforesaid CRZ. The CRZ area is classified as follows, namely

CRZ–I a. The areas that are ecologically sensitive and the geomorphologic features which play a

role in the maintaining the integrity of the coast; and b. The area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line.

CRZ–II Area which is developed up to or close to the shoreline.

CRZ–III

Areas that are relatively undisturbed and do not belong to either CRZ-I or II which include coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas, which are not substantially built up.

CRZ–IV

a. The water area from the low tide line to twelve nautical miles on the seaward side; and

b. Includes the water area of the tidal influenced water body from the mouth of the water body at the sea upto the influence of tide which is measured as five parts per thousand during the driest season of the year.

CRZ Permissibility

As per the CRZ Notification 2011, the proposed project falls in CRZ –IA,CRZ-II & CRZ-IVB. and are permissible acivities as per- Para8(i)ICRZ-I (i) (b)Pipelines,Conveying systems including transmission lines 8(i) II CRZ-II (iv) facilities for receipt and storage of petroleum products and

liquified natural gas as specified in Annexure-II appended to the notification and facilities for regasification of Liquid Natural Gas subject to the conditions as mentioned in subparagraph(ii) of paragraph-3

4 (ii) (d) Pipelines,Conveying systems including transmission lines 3(ii) (b) facilities for receipt and storage of petroleum products and liquified

natural gas as specified in Annexure-II appended to this notification and facilities for regasification of Liquified Natural gas (hereinafter referred to as as the LNG) in the areas not classified as CRZ-I(i) subject to implementation of safety regulations


Chapter-1

Introduction


including guidelines issued by the Oil Industry Safety Directorate in the Ministry of Petroleum and guidelines issued by MoEF and subject tofurther terms and conditions for implementation of ameliorative and restorative measures in relation to environment as may be stipulated by in MoEF .provided that facilities for receipt and storage of fertilizers and raw materials required for manufacture of fertilizers like ammonia, phosphoric acid,sulfur,sulphuric acid, nitric acid and the like,shall be permitted within the zone areas not classified as CRZ-I (i)

1.5 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study broadly includes:

Field sampling of environmental attributes at various representative locations in the study area to establish the baseline environmental status;

Collate and compile secondary data including socio-economic data from published literature / government publications;

Evaluating the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies;

To prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP), outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality in view of future expansion for environmentally sustainable development;

Identifying critical environmental attributes that are required to be monitored in the post-project scenario;

To carry out Risk Assessment and prepare suitable Disaster Management Plan; and To obtain necessary clearance from the regulatory authorities.

1.6 Methodology of the Study

Field studies have been conducted to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes as outlined in Table-1.2.

TABLE 1-2: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Sr. No.

Attributes Parameters Frequency No of Sampling Locations in the

Study Area

1

Ambient Air Quality

PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and HC

24 hourly samples twice a week for 13-weeks. CO and HC is monitored for three 8 hourly samples in 24 hours for twice a week for thirteen weeks

3 locations

2

Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological parameters

Grab samples were collected from surface water (SW) and ground water (GW) sources. Sampling and analysis is carried out for once during study period

3 locations

(2 SW; 1 GW)

3 Soil Quality Soil profile with Once during study period 4 location


Chapter-1

Introduction


Sr. No.

Attributes Parameters Frequency No of Sampling Locations in the

Study Area

chemical constituents

4

Ecology Terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna in the study area

Primary survey through field studies during study period and supplemented with published data

Once during study period 5

terrestrial sampling and 2

aquatic sampling

5

Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) at 3 locations

Hourly readings for 24 hours, once during study period 3 locations

6 Socio-Economic aspects

Socio-economic characteristics

Primary survey and also based on data published in district census handbooks

Once during study period

The methodology adopted for monitoring and analysis is given in Annexure-II.

1.7 Organization of the Report

The report has been divided into ten chapters and presented as follows:

1. Introduction

The chapter will cover comprehensive details about the project including need objective and justification of the project, environmental settings, site details and scope of the entire study. 2. Project Description

The chapter will provide details on all the project, infrastructure requirement and availability, etc and also the project implementation schedule. 3. Baseline Environmental Status

The chapter will cover the social and environmental baseline parameters on air, water, noise, soil, ecology, marine assessment study and socio-economics within the study area. 4. Anticipated Environmental Impact and its Mitigation Measures

The chapter will cover detailed impact of the proposed project on different environmental components during laying (construction) and operation phase of the project. The chapter will also deal with the measures to be adopted to mitigate the adverse impact of the proposed project development and underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation measures. 5. Environmental Management Plan Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall Management Plan during construction and operation phases are elicited in this chapter.


Chapter-1

Introduction


6. Environmental Monitoring Program Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation of mitigation measures during operational phase, marine environmental management plant have been delineated in this chapter. 7. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

The chapter describes various risks associated based on hazard identification & analysis and consequence analysis. 8. Project Benefits

The chapter describes various benefits of the project to the community in the vicinity and as well as to the region on the whole. 9. Disclosure of Consultants

The list of various experts involved in preparation of the present EIA/EMP report is given along with brief introduction of the consultancy organisation involved in EIA report.


Chapter- 2

Project Description


2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION IOCL is in the process to install and commission 15 MMPTA Grassroots Refinery at Paradip, Odisha. While refining the crude, Petroleum Coke also called as Pet Coke is separated as residue by-product which is a solid high carbon material. Pet coke can serve as either energy source or carbon source. 71% total Fuel grade pet coke is used as energy source. IOCL’s Paradip Refinery shall produce about 1.3 million metric tons of pet coke. It is proposed to convey the pet coke from south refinery to north refinery by combination of pipe conveyor and troughed conveyer to silos located at Rapid Loading System (RLS) in north refinery from where the material shall be transported by rail. The proposed conveyor will be laid on the support structures and along the route, it will cross Santa Creek over the existing bridge. The pipe Conveyor length of approx. 87.35 m out of total of the total length of approx. 4.5 km will be crossing the Santa Creek which attracts the CRZM Notification 2011.

2.1 Description of the Conveyor

2.1.1 Project Location

Site location for the Project is at Paradip, in the State of Odisha, on the east coast of India, at a distance of approx. 5 KM from Paradip Port. Paradip Port is located at Latitude 20° 55.44' N and Longitude 86°34.62' E. It has an artificial lagoon type harbour. Paradip Port is located at 120 KM (approx.) distance by road from Bhubaneswar, the Capital of Odisha, which is well connected by road, rail & air with other parts of the country. The proposed conveyor belt is shown in is shown in Figure-2.1. Map showing the High Tide Line (HTL), Low Tide Line (LTL) and CRZ zones prepared by M/s Anna University and the Conveyor corridor superimposed on map prepared by Odisha Remote Sensing Application Centre is shown in Figure-2.2. From Figure-2.2, it is evident that about 1820.9 m length of conveyor belt is falling in CRZ-IA, 137.17-m is falling in CRZ – II, 87.35-m crossing the Santa Creek and is falling in CRZ-IVB.

2.1.2 Details of Conveyor Belt

General All conveyors — Pipe & Troughed Belt Conveyor shall be supplied and erected along with necessary supporting structures, platforms, on ground and over ground galleries (as required), trestle structures with foundation & footings, carrying and return idlers, automatic take—ups, pulleys, VVVF drive (wherever required), Motors with suitable reduction units and couplings, belting, transfer chutes, brakes, hold back devices, belt protection switches, belt


Chapter- 2

Project Description


cleaners, skirt board, transfer points and other necessary accessories as required for completeness of the system. CODES & STANDARDS

The design, manufacture, inspection and testing of the Belt Conveyor System shall comply with all the currently applicable statues, regulations and safety codes in the locality where the equipment is to be installed. The belt conveyor system shall confirm to the latest edition of the following standards & codes. Other internationally acceptable standards/codes, which ensure equal or higher performance than those specified, shall also be accepted. Nothing in this specification shall be construed to relieve the contractor of the required statutory responsibility. In case, of any conflict in the standard and this specification, the decision of the Employer shall be final and binding. "Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials" published by Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers' Association. IS: 7155: Codes of Practice for Conveyor Safety. IS: 1891 (Part-I): General Purpose Belting IS: 8598: Idlers and Idler Sets for Belt Conveyors IS: 4009 (Part-II): Conical Head Grease Nipples IS: 8531: Pulleys for Belt Conveyors. IS: 226: Structural Steel (Standard Quality) IS: 4682: Codes of Practice for Lining of Vessels and Equipment for Chemical Processes. IS: 11592: Code of practice for selection and design of Belt Conveyors. IS: 2062: Steel for General Structural Purpose IS: 1691: Cast Iron and mild steel flat Pulley IS: 9295: Steel tubes for idlers for belt conveyors IS: 4776: Troughed belt conveyors IS: 3688: Dimensions for shaft ends SAE: J514/J533/J-1926-1/J518, Hose & fittings IS: 3681: Gears — Cylindrical Gears - Accuracy IS: 7403: Code of practice for selection of standard worm and helical gear boxes CAN /CASA-M422 M87: Canadian standard association for belt conveyor DESIGN REQUIREMENT Design of belt conveyor system shall be suitable for Pet coke parameters specified elsewhere. Slopes of conveyors, wherever applicable, shall not exceed 16 deg. depending on the lump size, and other governing factors. The guaranteed capacity of all conveyors shall be the rated capacity. All conveyors shall be designed with design margin on rated capacity. Design capacity of the conveyor system shall be considered for the selection of belt width, belt speed and the continuous motor rating at 50 degree C Ambient. The drive chain equipment's for various belt conveyor systems shall consist of drive motors, fluid couplings, gear reduction units, low speed flexible couplings and pulleys. For the ratings of various equipment's as mentioned above in the drive chain of conveyor systems relevant sections of this specification shall be referred to. Conveyors shall be provided with electro hydraulic thrusters brakes or fly wheels to adjust the coasting time of conveyors such that there will not be any build-up of material in the chutes. Further conveyor shall come to halt as early as possible. All conveyors with HT drives shall be provided with brakes.


Chapter- 2

Project Description


Belt conveyor system shall be designed as per the latest edition of "Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials" published by "Conveyor Equipment Manufacturer's Association" or equivalent International Standard. For pipe conveyors, the pipe diameter shall be selected based on the maximum percentage fill up of 75% at the selected speed Belting The belting shall be made up of Steel cord with rubber covers of adequate flexibility to give a Toughing angle of 35 deg. For all the conveyors the number of plies, cover thickness, factor of safety etc. shall be as per the recommendation of belt manufacturer on the basis of tension calculation. The pipe conveyor belt is to have sufficient stiffeners to form and maintain the pipe shape as it passes through the circle forming the idler rolls. At the same time it shall remain flexible for the transition from troughed belt to the pipe shape. The belt edge stiffeners shall be suitable to ensure that a seal is maintained at the overlap.

2.2 Status of Infrastructure Developed at Site

Land: Over 3300 acre of land has been acquired for Paradip Refinery Project. Out of this, approx. 2236 acres of land has been reclaimed by sand filling. The balance land has been used for Green Belt and other facilities like Raw Water Reservoir (RWR), Storm Water Reservoir (SWR), Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) and approach road etc. Main approach Road to Refinery: 7 KM (approx.) approach road from NH-5A to refinery site including bridges over railway line and Santra creek has been completed and is already in operation.

2.3 Climatological Data

The Design of the proposed project would be done on following climatological data. Climatological data have been taken from climatological table of Paradip metrological section. Max. Ambient Temperature : 42.4º C Min. Ambient Temperature : 11.3º C Basic Wind Speed : 65 m/sec Mean Wet Bulb Temperature : 28 º C Max. Relative Humidity : 99.7 % Max. Relative Humidity : 24.7 % Heaviest rain fall in 24 hrs. : 335mm Seismic Zone : III

2.4 Process Description

Petroleum Coke (Pet Coke) shall be generated as by-product of the refinery process. Pet Coke is solid high carbon material. It can serve as either energy source or carbon source which is widely used in plants like cement, lime & cogeneration and other industrial applications as one of the input fuel.


Chapter- 2

Project Description


The Pet Coke produced in IOCL refinery shall be evacuated from plant either through truck load out or railway wagon load out or combination of both facilities. Pet Coke shall be conveyed through following different path:

2.4.1 Delayed Cocker Unit to Storage Yard (existing):

Conveyor 245-CR-010A → Flap Gate/Diverter Gate at TP-1 → Pipe Conveyor 245-CR-010B → Surge Hopper Building → Surge Hopper → Conveyor 245-CR-002B → Transfer tower TT-2 → Conveyor 245-CR-003

2.4.2 Delayed Cocker Unit to Truck Loading (existing):

Conveyor 245-CR-010A → Flap Gate/Diverter Gate at TP-1 → Pipe Conveyor 245-CR-010B → Surge Hopper Building → Surge Hopper → Conveyor 245-CR-002B → Conveyor 245-CR-004 → Truck Loading Hopper → Trucks

2.4.3 Delayed Cocker Unit to Silo Building near RRLS:

Conveyor 245-CR-010A → Flap Gate/Diverter Gate at TP-1 → Conveyor CC5 → Transfer Tower TT5 → Pipe Conveyor PC2 → Silo Building → Reversible Conveyor RBC1 → Storage Bins.

2.4.4 Storage yard to Silo Building:

Storage Yard of Pet Coke → Front end loader machines → Over Ground Hoppers (4 Nos) → Conveyor CC1 → Transfer Tower TT1 → Conveyor CC2 → Transfer Tower TT2 → Conveyor CC3 → Transfer Tower TT3 → Conveyor CC4 → Transfer Tower TT4 (Surge Hopper + BF5) → Pipe Conveyor PC1 → Transfer Tower TT5 →Pipe Conveyor PC2 → Silo Building → Reversible Conveyor RBC1 → Storage Bins.

2.4.5 Silo Building to RRLS:

Storage Bins → Belt Weigh Feeders BWF1 & BWF2 → Pipe Conveyor PC3 → Transfer Tower TT6 → Conveyor CC6 → RRLS Building (Storage Bins, Hydraulic gates, weigh bins, train load-out chute & arrangements) → Wagons

2.5 Dust Prevention Measures

For ensuring minimum dust generation following measures has been taken:

2.5.1 Pipe conveyor instead of conventional conveyor

Total 4.6 kilometer long conveyor systems is envisaged to be added in existing system for evacuation of Pet Coke through wagon loading system. Pipe conveyor covers 4.1 kilometer length in total length. Benefits of pipe conveyor against conventional trough conveyors are: • Protection of Pet Coke against external influences • Protection of environment by transportation through dust free transport.


Chapter- 2

Project Description


• It can negotiate a sharp curvature with minimum radius as compared to conventional belt conveyor.

• It minimizes transfer tower which are the most cause for dust generation. • Smaller space (Corridor width) is required.

2.5.2 Cold Fog Dust Suppression (CFDS) system at transfer point

In proposed new system cold fog dust suppression system is considered instead of simple water spraying system. In CFDS system, waters is sprayed with higher water pressure. Individual buster pumps are consider for achieving desired water pressure at each transfer point. Water sprayed with high pressure will form mist in transfer point. This mist will hold the dust particle generated around discharge point and settle down with dust on receiving conveyor.

2.5.3 Dust extraction system for Silo Building and RRLS

In this buildings number of transfer point are more and volume of material to be handled is high. So, Dust extraction system is considered. Extracted air will be passed through bag filter where dust particles will be separated out and clean air will be send to open sky through stake of height 35 meter. Collected dust will be fed back to either succeeding conveying system or to silo through bucket wheel elevators. Apart from extraction system, water spraying system is also provided at wagon loading point in RRLS.


Chapter- 2

Project Description


FIGURE 2-1: PROPOSED CONVEYOR ROUTE (PINK COLOUR LINE)


Chapter- 2

Project Description


FIGURE 2-2 : MAP SHOWING HTL AND LTL DEMARCATION AT SANTA CREEK CROSSING


Chapter- 2

Project Description


FIGURE 2-3: GOOGLE MAP SHOWING CONVEYOUR ROUTE


Chapter- 2

Project Description


FIGURE 2-4: 7 KM TOPO MAP


Chapter- 2

Project Description


FIGURE 2-5: MAP SHOWING CONVEYOR CORRIDOR ON ORSAC MAPS

Sheet No. 44,

Map No. CZMP 73L/II/SW

Sheet No. 45,

Map No. CZMP 73L/II/SE

Sheet No. 40,

Map No. CZMP 73L/12/NW

MAP PREPARED BY ORISSA SPACE APPLICATION

CENTRE (ORSAC) SPONSERED BY F&E, GOVT. OF ODISHA


Chapter- 3

Baseline Environment Status


3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers 10km all along the conveyor project. The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality, ecology and socio-economic profiles of people.

3.1 Meteorology

India Meteorological Department has been monitoring surface observations at Paradip port on atmospheric Pressure, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction twice a day viz., at 0830 and 1730 hrs. The historical met-data for the above-specified parameters has been collected for ten years and processed. Data on cloud cover is compiled from the climatological tables of the IMD station at Paradip port. The summary of the above data is presented in Table-3-1.

TABLE 3-1: CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, IMD PARADIP PORT (1989-2004)

Month Temperature (0C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm)

Mean Max Mean Min 0830 1730

January 26.8 16.1 79 71 13.0

February 29.2 20.1 79 74 9.4

March 31.2 23.5 78 79 35.4

April 32.2 25.7 79 83 27.5

May 33.0 26.9 80 82 113.2

June 32.4 26.8 83 83 188.4

July 31.4 26.1 85 84 276.6

August 31.4 25.8 85 84 369.3

September 31.7 25.7 84 83 242.8

October 31.5 24.2 80 78 228.6

November 30.2 20.2 77 70 122.1

December 28.1 16.7 75 68 9.2

Total: 1635.5

Source: India Meteorological Department, Pune

3.1.1 Observations of Secondary Data

Temperature During the summer months i.e., March-May, the mean maximum temperature is found to vary

between 31.2C to 33.0C and the minimum temperature ranges between 16.1C to 20.1C in the winter months (December-February).

Relative Humidity Humidity at Paradip port is fairly high throughout the major part of the year and the mean relative humidity rises to above 85% during the monsoon months, particularly June to September ranging between 83.0% to 85%.


Chapter- 3



Rainfall The total annual mean rainfall received at Paradip is about 1635.5 mm. Rainfall peaks during the month of August (mean monthly being about 369.3 mm) followed by July (mean monthly being about 276.6 mm) with the four monsoon months (June to September) contributing about 65.8% (about 1077.1 mm) of the total annual rainfall.

3.1.2 Wind Speed/Direction

Generally, light to moderate winds prevail throughout the year. Winds were light and moderate particularly during the morning hours. While during the afternoon hours the winds were stronger. The wind roses for the study period representing winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons along with annual wind rose are shown in Figure-3-1 to Figure-3-5 and presented in Table-3-2.

TABLE 3-2: SUMMARY OF WIND PATTERN – IMD PARADIP PORT

Season First predominant winds

Second predominant winds

% Calm Condition

Predominant Wind Speed

(KMPH) 0830 1730 0830 1730 083

0 1730

Winter N (32.4%) E (18.6%) NE (14.9%)

NE (16.4 %)

6.0 4.0 1 – 19

Pre-Monsoon

SW (40.3%)

S (22.2%) S (14.0%) SSW (15.9%)

3.3 5.6 1 - 19

Monsoon SW (26.5%)

SW (34.3%)

W (18.7%) S (16.7) 4.8 2.3 1 - 19

Post Monsoon

N (29.0%) NE (15.5%)

NW (13.5%)

ENE (14.5%)

3.5 7.5 1 – 19

Annual SW (18.8%)

SW (21.8%)

N (16.9%) S (16.1%) 4.4 4.8 1 - 19

Note: Figures in parenthesis indicates % of time wind blows Source: India Meteorological Department, Pune


Chapter- 3




FIGURE 3-1: PRE-MONSOON WIND ROSE (IMD-PARADIP PORT)

40.3

% S

W

4.6% N

W

1.1

% N

NW

NNE 1

.1%

9.8

% S

SW

SSE 1

.5%

5.6% WSW

14.0

% S

0.7% WNW

9.6% W C-3.3%

ESE 0.4%SE 1.4%

ENE 0.4%

E 1.4%

NE 2.

0%N 2

.8%

08:30 Hrs

PRE MONSOON

17:30 Hrs

PRE MONSOON

SPEED CALM

1151

SCALE

19 >19 Km/hr

5%39

.1%

SW

0% N

W

0%

NNW

NNE 0

%

15.9

% S

SW

SSE 2

.0%

3.2% WSW

22.2

% S

0.3% WNW

2.2% W C-5.6%

ESE 1.0%SE 3.5%

ENE 0.6%

E 2.6%

NE 1.

2%

N 0

.6%


Chapter- 3




FIGURE 3-2 : MONSOON WIND ROSE (IMD-PARADIP PORT)

08:30 Hrs

MONSOON

17:30 Hrs

MONSOON

26.5

% S

W

6.8% N

W

1.6

% N

NW

NNE 1

.9%

6.6

% S

SW

SSE 2

.0%

5.0% WSW

8.6

% S

4.6% WNW

18.7% W C-4.8%

ESE 0.9%SE 3.7%

ENE 0.8%

E 2.2%

NE 1.

8%

N 3

.5%

34.3

% S

W

3.8% N

W

0.3

% N

NW

NNE 0

.6%

11.2

% S

SW

SSE 2

.0%

4.6% WSW

16.7

% S

1.8% WNW

8.0% W C-2.3%

ESE 1.8%

SE 5.3%

ENE 0.9%

E 3.6%

NE 2.

1%

N 0

.7%

SPEED CALM

1151

SCALE

19 >19 Km/hr

5%


Chapter- 3




FIGURE 3-3: POST-MONSOON WIND ROSE (IMD-PARADIP PORT)

08:30 Hrs

POST MONSOON

17:30 Hrs

POST MONSOON

5.0%

SW

13.5% N

W

5.5

% N

NW

NNE 1

1.5

%

1.0

% S

SW

SSE 1

.5%

1.0% WSW

2.0

% S

1.5% WNW

6.0% W C-3.5%

ESE 1.0%SE 2.0%

ENE 1.5%

E 3.5%

NE 11

.0%

N 2

9.0

%

8.0%

SW

2.0% N

W

0%

NNW

NNE 4

.0%

4.0

% S

SW

SSE 2

.5%

0.5% WSW

10.0

% S

0% WNW

1.5% W C-7.5%

ESE 3.5%

SE 10.0%

ENE 14.5%

E 12.5%

NE 15

.5%

N 3

.5%

SPEED CALM

1151

SCALE

19 >19 Km/hr

5%


Chapter- 3




FIGURE 3-4 : WINTER WIND ROSE (IMD-PARADIP PORT)

08:30 HrsWINTER

17:30 Hrs

WINTER

3.3%

SW

10.0% N

W

4.7

% N

NW

NNE 1

3.7

%

1.7

% S

SW

SSE 0

.3%

0.6% WSW

3.3

% S

1.6% WNW

3.6% W C-6.0%

ESE 0%SE 0.3%

ENE 2.6%

E 1.0%

NE 14

.9%

N 3

2.4

%

5.0%

SW

0% N

W

0%

NNW

NNE 1

.2%

5.6

% S

SW

SSE 2

.5%

0.3% WSW

15.1

% S

0% WNW

0.9% W C-4.0%

ESE 5.3%

SE 11.2%

ENE 12.7%

E 18.6%

NE 16

.4%

N 1

.2%

SPEED CALM

1151

SCALE

19 >19 Km/hr

5%


Chapter- 3




FIGURE 3-5: ANNUAL WIND ROSE (IMD-PARADIP PORT)

08:30 HrsANNUAL

17:30 Hrs

ANNUAL

18.8

% S

W

8.7% NW

3.3% N

NW

NNE

7.0%

4.8%

SSW

SSE 1.3%

3.0% WSW

7.0%

S

2.1% WNW

9.4% W C-4.4%

ESE 0.6%SE 1.9%

ENE 1.4%

E 2.0%

NE 7.

4%

N 1

6.9%

21.8

% S

W

1.4% NW

0.2% N

NW

NNE

1.4%

9.1%

SSW

SSE 2.2%

2.1% WSW

16.1

% S

0.6% WNW

3.1% W C-4.8%

ESE 2.9%

SE 7.5%

ENE 7.2%

E 9.3%

NE 8.

8%

N 1

.5%

SPEED CALM

1151

SCALE

19 >19 Km/hr

5%


Chapter- 3



A temporary meteorological station was established on the roof of OCL Paradip Refinery office Monitoring of meteorological parameters comprising air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction and rainfall were carried out in the study period of October to December-14, average data as given Table no3-3 and wind rose figure no 3-6

TABLE 3-3: MICROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR STUDY AREA (OCTOBER TO

DECEMBER-2014)

Parameter IOCL Plant Site

Wind Direction (Degrees) NNE

Wind Speed Range (m/s) 0-17

Average Wind Speed (m/s) 6.43

Temperature Range(0C) 16-36

Source: Site Specific meteorology, IOCL Paradip Refinery.

FIGURE 3-6: SITE SPECIFIC WIND ROSE (STUDY PERIOD OCTOBER TO DECEMBER-14)


Chapter- 3



3.2 Ambient Air Quality

The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the project operations.

This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.

3.2.1 Methodology adopted for Air Quality Survey

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality-monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations:

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

Topography of the study area; and

Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at three locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. The location of the selected stations with reference to the Conveyor is given in the Table-3-4. Map showing the ambient air quality locations and the photographs showing the samplers are shown in Figure-3-7 and Figure-3-8 respectively.

KANTELNALLI


Chapter- 3



CHAULIPALANDHA

FIGURE 3-7: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LOCATIONS PHOTOGRAPHS

FIGURE 3-8: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LOCATIONS


Chapter- 3



TABLE 3-4: DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Location ID Name of the location Latitude and Longitude

1 AAQ1 Nimidhi 20018’ 50.95N

86036’ 25.92E

2 AAQ2 Chaulipalandha 20016’ 19.27N

86036’ 47.92E

3 AAQ3 Kantenalli 20016’ 44.48N

86030’ 33.86E

3.2.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

PM2.5 and PM10 have been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 Part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2. Improved Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 Part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and its minimum detectable levels are given in Table-3.-5.

TABLE 3-5: TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Sr. No.

Parameter Technique Technical Protocol Minimum Detectable

Limit (g/m3)

1 PM 2.5 Fine Dust Sampler (Gravimetric method)

IS-5182 (Part-IV) 2.0

2 PM 10 Fine Dust Sampler (Gravimetric method)

IS-5182 (Part-IV) 5.0

3 Sulphur Dioxide Modified West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 4.0

4 Nitrogen Oxide Improved Jacob & Hochheiser

IS-5182 (Part-VI) 9.0

5 Carbon monoxide FID technique (Gas chromatography)

IS-5182(Part-X) 12.5

3.2.3 Presentation of Primary Data

The survey results for the study period are presented in detail in Annexure-III. Various statistical parameters like 98

th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been

computed from the observed raw data for the AAQ monitoring stations. The summary of these results for each location are presented in Table-3-6. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).


Chapter- 3



TABLE 3-6: SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS

Location PM2.5 (g/m3) PM10(g/m

3) SO2(g/m

3)

Min Max Avg 98% Min Max Avg 98% Max Min Avg 98%

Nimidhi 24.7 34.2 30.1 34.2 56.4 68.4 61.6 68.4 12.3 15.3 14.5 15.3

Chaulipalandha 26.7 36.4 31.9 36.1 57.8 69.3 63.2 69.3 11.5 14.2 12.9 14.2

Kantenalli 26.3 34.1 29.8 33.3 54.4 62.3 58.8 62.3 11.2 15.7 13.5 15.5

Study Area Range 24.7-36.4 54.4-69.3 11.2-15.7

Standards 60 100 80

TABLE 3-7: SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS

Location NOx (g/m3) CO (mg/m

3) HC (mg/m

3)

Min Max Avg 98% Min Max Avg 98% Max Min Avg 98%

Nimidhi 17.4 29.3 19.6 25.9 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Chaulipalandha 16.5 23.4 19.9 22.5 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Kantenalli 17.8 24.5 20.4 24.2 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Study Area Range 16.5-29.3 0.6-1.4 --

Standards 80 2.0 -


Chapter- 3



3.2.4 Observations of Primary Data

The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 36.4 g/m3 and 24.7

g/m3 respectively. The average values were observed to be in the range of 20.8 to 31.9 g/m

3.

The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 69.3 g/m3 and 54.4

g/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at AAQ2 and the minimum

concentration was recorded at AAQ3. The average values were observed to be in the range of

47.3 to 49.5 g/m3.

The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 15.7 g/m3 and 11.2 g/m

3.

The maximum concentration was recorded at AAQ3 and the minimum concentration was

recorded at AAQ3. The average values were observed to be in the range of 12.9 to 14.5 g/m3.

The maximum concentration of 29.3 g/m3 for NO2 was recorded at AAQ1 with minimum of

16.5 g/m3 observed at AAQ2. The average concentrations were ranged between 19.6 to 20.4

g/m3.

The maximum concentration of 1.4 mg/m

3 for CO was recorded at AAQ2 with minimum of 0.6

mg/m3 observed at AAQ1. The average concentrations were ranged between 0.9 to 1.1 mg/m

3.

The concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx and CO were observed to be well within the

standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). 3.3 Noise Level Survey

The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness;

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated through construction activities, vehicular movement etc.

3.3.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels in the study area. The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am. The details of


Chapter- 3



noise monitoring locations are given in Table-3-8 and the photographs are shown in Figure-3-9 &3-10.

TABLE 3-8: DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Code Location

1 N1 Nimidhi

2 N2 Chaulipalandha

2 N3 Kantenalli

3.3.2 Methodology of Data Generation

3.3.2.1 Instrument Used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using integrated sound level meter manufactured by Quest Technologies, USA (Model No.2900). The integrating sound level meter is an integrating/ logging type with Octave filter attachment (model OB-100) with frequency range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. This instrument is capable of measuring the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Leq and octave band frequency analysis.

3.3.2.2 Method of Monitoring Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours on working days only. During each hour Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld), Lnight (Ln) and Ldn values were computed using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ response and fast mode.


Chapter- 3



FIGURE 3-9: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

FIGURE 3-10: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS


Chapter- 3



3.4.1 Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:

L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 per cent of the time;

L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 per cent of the time; and

L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 per cent of the time.

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq):

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation:

60

)_LL(LL

29010

50eq +=

Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 pm). Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm to 6 am). A noise rating developed by E P A for specification of community noise from all the sources is the Day-Night Sound Level, (Ldn). Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn):

The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24-hr equivalent sound level except that during night time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24-hr average. This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that the noise during night, when people are usually in sleep, is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the day time. The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s, by the following equation.

)]}10(8+)10(16[24/1log{10=L10/)10+L(10/L

dnnd

where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).


Chapter- 3



3.3.3 Presentation of Results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at Three locations. The parameters are analyzed for Min, Max, Lday and Lnight. The statistical analysis results are given in Table-3-9

TABLE 3-9: NOISE LEVELS [dB (A)] IN THE STUDY AREA

S.No Location Min Max Ld Ln

1. Nimidhi 41.5 58.4 53.9 44.7

2. Chaulipalandha 41.6 57.6 52.4 44.4

3. Kantenalli 40.3 61.2 53.8 44.5

3.3.4 Observations

Day time Noise Levels (Lday)

The day time noise level at all locations was observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB (A). The day time noise levels at the locations were ranged in between 53.9 to 52.4 dB (A). Night time Noise Levels (Lnight)

The night time noise levels at all residential locations were found to be below the prescribed limit of 45 dB(A). The night time noise levels were ranged in between 44.4 to 44.7 dB (A).

3.4 Water Quality

Selected water quality parameters of ground water and surface water resources within the study area have been studied for assessing the hydrological environment to evaluate anticipated impact of the proposed project. Understanding the water quality is essential in the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment. It also assists to identify critical issues in a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation to curb the deterioration of various hydrological sources in the vicinity of the project. The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the project and related activities. 3.4.1 Methodology

One surface water and four ground water samples were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on surface and ground water. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA). Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were


Chapter- 3



collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed.

3.4.2 Water Sampling Locations

Ground water sample was analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.-10 and are shown in Figure-3.11. Photographs showing the water sampling points are shown in Figure-3.-12

TABLE 3-10: DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS


1 SW Santra Creek

2 GW1 Pitambapur

3 GW2 Madhuban

4 GW3 Baitutha

5 GW4 Chauliapalanda

3.4.3 Observations

The surface water quality and ground water quality results of monitoring carried out are presented in Table-3.4.2 and Table-3.4.3.

3.4.3.1 Surface Water Quality

The analysis results indicate that the pH values is 8.28;

The TDS values is 9196 mg/l; The chlorides Values is 3288 mg/l Metals: Iron is found 0.03mg/l and zinc is found 0.06 mg/l; and Aluminium is found 0.05 mg/l The surface water quality of santra creek does not indicate any industrial contamination.


Chapter- 3



FIGURE 3-11: WATER AND SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

3.4.3.2 Ground Water Quality

Ground water sample has been collected from hand pump and analyzed as per IS: 10500. The analysis results indicate that the pH was in the range of is 7.4-7.9; Hardness of the water was in the range of 272 - 302 mg/l; Chlorides and sulphates were found to be in the range of 228 -253 mg/l and 113 – 148 mg/l

respectively; The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) present in the ground water was in between 1093 -1119

mg/l; Metals: Iron is found in between 0.04 – 0.07 mg/l and zinc is 0.04 - 0.08 mg/l. The ground water quality in the study area does not indicate any industrial contamination.


Chapter- 3



TABLE 3-11: SURFACE WATER QUALITY

S.no Parameter Units SW1

1 Colour Hazen 5

2 pH - 8.28

3 TDS mg/l 9196

4 TSS mg/l 6

5 DO mg/l 5.3

6 BOD mg/l <3

7 COD mg/l 35

8 Chlorides mg/l 3288

9 Sulphates mg/l 416

10 Hardness mg/l 1557

11 Salinity ppt 16

12 Total Coliforms MPN/100 6

13 E.Coli - Absent

14 Iron mg/l 0.06

15 Copper mg/l 0.03

16 Zinc mg/l 0.02

17 Aluminium mg/l 0.06

18 Arsenic mg/l 0.05

19 Lead mg/l <0.01

TABLE 3-12: GROUND WATER QUALITY

Parameters Units IS:10500 Limits

GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4

pH - 6.5 -8.5 7.9 7.72 7.4 7.54

Colour Hazen 5 (25) 3 3 4 4

Taste - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag

Odour - U.O U.O U.O U.O U.O

Conductivity µS/cm $ 1636 1717 1823 1841

Turbidity NTU 5(10) 4 5 5 5

TDS mg/l 500 (2000) 1095 1093 1181 1193

Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 300 (600) 272

286 306 309

Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200 (600) 363

370 399 403

Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 (200) 76 80 85 86

Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30 (100) 19 20 22 22

Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

Boron as B mg/l 1 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01

Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250 (1000) 228 239 251 253

Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200 (400) 113 116 146 148

Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0 (1.5) 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3

Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45 (NR) 13.5 13.7 17.5 17.7

Sodium as Na mg/l $ 242 251 260 265

Potassium as K mg/l $ 16.5 18 23.4 23.3


Chapter- 3



Parameters Units IS:10500 Limits

GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4

Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001 (0.002) <0.001

<0.001 <0.001

<0.001

Cyanides mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

Anionic Detergents as MBAS mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2

<0.2 <0.2 <0.2

Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 (1.5) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

Manganese mg/l 0.1 (0.3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 (1.0) 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.07

Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Zinc as Zn mg/l 5 (15) 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.04

Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03 (0.2) 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02

Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.00

1 <0.001

Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absen

t Absent

Mineral Oil mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

E.coli - Absent Absent Absent Absen

t Absent

Total Coliforms MPN/10

0 10 <2 <2 <2 <2


Chapter- 3



FIGURE 3-12: PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING WATER SAMPLING POINTS


Chapter- 3



3.5 Soil Characteristics

For studying soil profile of the region, four soil sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area. Figure-3.-13 shows the soil sampling location. Photograph showing the soil sampling location is shown in Figure-3-14

TABLE 3-13: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS


1 S1 Near Santra Creek

2 S2 Pitambapur

3 S3 Madhuban

4 S4 Balitutha

The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the expansion activities. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:

To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;

To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and

To determine the impact on soils. A soil sample was collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and is homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 and Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2

nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of

America). The homogenized sample was analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico-chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) analyzer. The methodology adopted for each parameter is described in Table-3-14.

TABLE 3-14: ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL ANALYSIS

Parameter Method (ASTM Number)

Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration

Sodium Absorption Ratio Flame colorimetric (D 1428-82)

pH pH meter (D 1293-84)

Electrical Conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82)

Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84)

Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colorimetric (D 515-82)

Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82)

Copper AAS (D 1688-84)

Zinc AAS (D 1691-84)

3.5.1 Baseline Soil Status

The analysis results of soil sampling location are presented in Table-3-15 and the standard classification is given in Table-3-16

It has been observed that the pH of the soil values ranges are 7.77 to 8.32;


Chapter- 3



The electrical conductivity ranges are 140- 960 µmhos/cm; The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 34.0-380 kg/ha, 28.0-45.0 kg/ha and 39.0-

948 kg/ha and are classified as very less as per standard soil classification;

TABLE 3-15: SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS

Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4

Texture -- sandy Sandy Loam

Lomy sand

Sandy Loam

pH - 7.9 7.77 8.32 7083

Electrical conductivity µs/cm 907 140 960 410

Cation exchange capacity meq/100g 11 13 16

Porosity % 31 30 28 36

Water holding capacity in/ft 1.32 45 260 40

Sodium absorption ratio (SAR) - 0.21

0.37 0.38 0.39

Nitrogen kg/ha 34 300 370 380

Phosphorous kg/ha 28 34 39 45

Potassium kg/ha 39 948 189 818

Copper mg/kg 26 20 35 29

Zinc mg/kg 24 28 19 20

TABLE 3-16: STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sr. No Soil Test Classification

1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.0 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline

2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity (ppm) (1 ppm =640 µmho/cm)

Upto 1.00 Average 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts)

3 Organic Carbon (%) Upto 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient

4 Nitrogen (kg/ha) Upto 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better


Chapter- 3



Sr. No Soil Test Classification

>300 sufficient

5 Phosphorus (kg/ha) Upto 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient

6 Potash (kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient

Source: Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

FIGURE 3-13: PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING SOIL SAMPLING POINTS

3.6 Ecological Studies

3.6.1 Introduction

A detailed ecological survey of the study area was conducted, particularly with reference to listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial) conditions in the study area.

3.6.2 Objectives

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives:


Chapter- 3



To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the existing project site;

To assess the distribution of animal life spectra;

To understand the productivity of the water bodies;

To identify and quantify the ethno botanical importance of the plant species;

To ascertain migratory routes of fauna; and

Possibility of presence of breeding grounds, if any.

3.6.3 Methodology Adopted for the Survey

To achieve the above objectives, a detailed study of the area was undertaken. The different methods adopted were as follows:

Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and Government agencies;

Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area;

Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and their uses; and

Gathering data for ethno biology.

3.6.4 Terrestrial Ecological Status

Selection of sampling locations was made with reference to topography, land use, vegetation pattern, etc. The observations were taken on village forest and non-forest area (agricultural field, catchment area, on hills, in plain areas, village wasteland, etc.) as per the objectives and guidelines of MoEF for Environmental Impact Assessment. All observations were taken in and around sampling locations for spatial distribution and qualitative representation of different species. The list of sampling location for Terrestrial is given in Table-3-17 and is shown in Figure-3-14.

TABLE 3-17: TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Station Code Name of the Station

TE-1 Paradwipgarh

TE-2 Bhutamundai

TE-3 Rangiagarh

TE-4 Atharabanki

TE-5 Udaychandpur

The primary data was generated through:

1. Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the study area. This would indicate

wild and cultivated plants. The plants so encountered were classified into life form spectrum according to the Raunkiaer's classification of life form spectrum;

1. Undertaking of Phytosociological studies by using list count quadrate method for woody and herbaceous flora in forest areas sufficient number of quadrates of 100-m

2 size was adopted

for study, which is based on the area species curve. The number of quadrates depended on actual field requirements.


Chapter- 3



2. Estimating basal areas of trees and shrubs at breast height [132 cm from ground or above buttresses];

3. Studying of herbaceous and woody flora by taking 10 and 20 quadrates at each location having 100 m

2;

4. Determining frequency, abundance, relative frequency, relative density, relative dominance and importance value indices using Mueller-Dombois-Ellenberge Theory [1974];

5. Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random readings at every location;

6. Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows, pugmarks and other signs; and

7. Interviewing local inhabitants for knowing the uses of plants and animals and to get ethno biological data.

Terrestrial ecology within study area (10km all along the conveyor project)

In primary survey, monoculture of casuarina equsetifolia poles planted by forest department was observed.

Terrestrial Ecology status in the Area

The area is extremely rich in vegetation. The luxuriant green leaves covered the areas. In the village area, Acanthus, Pandanus, Opuntia etc, form dense bush. Different species of Pandanus are very common by the side of village road. In the sea beach area, casuarinas form a beautiful green forest, which is called casuarina association. The plantation programme around the coastal region is basically Casuarina sp, which also grows naturally in abundance. Different species of Acacia are also frequently found along with Coconut palms, Betel nut palm etc. Along with these, Terminalia, Ailanthus, Eucalyptus, Borassus, Zyzyphus, Tectona etc are also noteworthy. The shrubs like Piper betle, Calotrapis, Datura, Solanum, Acanthus, Opuntia, Ricinus, and Lantana etc. are also dominant in this area. The recorded Tree species have been listed in Table-3-18.

TABLE 3-18: LIST OF TREES IN THE PARADIP REGION

Sr. No Scientific Name Family Common Name

1 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Bel

2 Alangium salvifolium Lecythidaceae Akar Kanta

3 Albizia lebbek Mimosaceae Sirish

4 Annona reticulate Annonaceae Nona ata

5 Antocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Kanthal

6 A. lakoocha Moraceae Deuaphal

7 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem

8 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Akashmoni

9 A. mangium Mimosaceae Bara Pata Akashmoni

10 Achras zapota Sapotaceae Sabada

11 Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae Maharuk

12 Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae Kalo Sirish

13 A. procera Mimosaceae Safed Sirish


Chapter- 3




14 Alstonia macrophylla Apocynaceae Match StickTree

16 Anthocephalus cadamba Rubiaceae Kadam

17 Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Black Babool

18 Anogeissus acuminate Combretaceae Dharua

19 Barringtonia acutangula Lecythidaceae Hijal

20 B. racemosa Lecythidaceae Samudra

21 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Shimul

22 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae Palash

23 Carica papaya Caricaceae Pepe

24 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Caesalpiniaceae Krishnachura

25 Callistemon lanceolatus Myrtaceae Bottle Brush

26 Calophyllum inophyllum Clusiaceae Sultani Champa

27 Cassia biflora Leguminosae Cassia

28 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Debdaru

29 Dillenia indica Dilleniceae Chalta

30 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem

34 C. fistulla Caesalpiniaceae Bandar Lanthi

35 C. grandis Papilionaceae Horse Cassia

36 C. multijuga Leguminosae Tarwar

37 C. siamea Caesalpiniaceae Holud Sandal

38 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae Jhau

39 Couroupita guianensis Lecythidaceae Nagalingam

40 Crescentia cujete Bignoniaceae Calabus Tree

41 Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae Sea Grape

42 Diospyros kaki Ebenaceae Gab

43 D. peregrina Ebenaceae Gab

44 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae Shishu

45 D. lanciolaria Fabaceae Chakemdia

46 Delonix regia Caesalpiniaceae Radha Chura

47 Dalbergia spinasa Fabaceae Red Wood

48 Erythrina ovalifolia Papilionaceae Harikakra

49 E. variegata Papilionaceae Farath

50 Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Blue Gum

51 E. citriodara Myrtaceae Citron Scented Gum

52 Excoecaria agallocha Euphorbiaceae Geon

53 Feronia limonia Rutaceae Kad Bel

54 Fieus benghalensis Moraceae Bat Gach

55 F. hispida Moraceae Fig

56 F. racemosa Moraceae Gular

57 F. religiosa Moraceae Ashwatha

58 F. benjamina Moraceae Javan Fig

59 Grewia asiatica Tiliaceae Phalsa

60 Gliricidia sepium Leguminosae Mougi Sirish

61 Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae Gamar

62 Hibiscus tiliaceous Malvaceae Bola, Chelwa

63 Holarrhena antidysenterica Apocynaceae Kurchi

64 Inga dulcis Papilionaceae Jilipi Babla


Chapter- 3




65 Jacaranda mimosifolia Bignoniaceae Vil Gulmohar

66 Kandelia candel Rhizophoraceae Candel Tree

67 Leucaena leucocephala Mimosaceae Subabul

68 Lagerstroemia speciosa Lythraceae Jarul

69 L. indica Lythraceae Pharash

70 Lumnitzera racemosa Combretaceae Kripa

71 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Mango

72 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Sajne

73 Magnolia grandiflora Magnoliaceae Barachampa

74 Michelia champaka Magnoliaceae Champa

75 Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae Achamia

76 Mimusops elengi Sapotaceae Bakul

77 Memecylan umbellatum Melastomataceae Iron Wood tree

78 M. edule Melastomataceae Iron Wood tree

79 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Oleaceae Sheuli

80 Polyalthia suberosa Annonaceae Barachali

81 Pongamia pinnata Papilionaceae Karanja

82 Poplus deltoides Salicaceae Poplur

83 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Guava

84 Pterocarpus indicus Papilionaceae Malay Paduka

85 Putranjiva roxburghii Euphorbiaceae Child Life Tree

86 Premna barba Verbenaceae Premna

87 Peltophorum ferrugineum Caesalpiniaceae Radha chura

88 Plumeria acutifolia Apocynaceae Garur Champa

89 P. rubra Apocynaceae Garur Champa

90 Parkinsonia aculeate Caesalpiniaceae Viliyati Babul

91 Saraca indica Caesalpiniaceae Ashok

92 Sesbania grandiflora Papilionaceae Bak Ful

93 S. sesban Papilionaceae Jainti

94 Spondius pinnata Anacardiaceae Amra

95 Streblus asper Moraceae Sheara

96 Strychnos nuxvomica Lagamiaceae Kuchila

97 Syzygium cuminii Myrtaceae Kalo Jam

98 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Biliti Sirish

99 Swietenia mahogani Meliaceae Mehagani

100 S. macrophylla Meliaceae Barapata

101 Spathodia campanulata Bignoniaceae African Tulip Tree

102 Sonneratia alba Sonneratiaceae Urava

103 S. apetala Sonneratiaceae Keora

104 Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae Tentul

105 Trema orientalis Moraceae Jibanti

106 Trewia nudiflora Euphorbiaceae Pittuli

107 Tabebuia pallida Bignoniaceae Parul

108 Tecoma stans Bignoniaceae Chandra Prapha

109 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Segun

110 Terminalia catappa Combretaceae Kath Badam

111 Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae White Murdah


Chapter- 3




112 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae Palas Pipul

113 Wrightia tomentosa Apocynaceae Dudhkoraiya

114 Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Kul

Shrubs, Herbs & Climbers

Some of the species of herbs, shrubs and climbers recorded during field investigation are listed in Table-3-19, Table-3-20 and Table-3-21 respectively.

TABLE 3-19: LIST OF SHRUBS IN THE REGION

S. No. Scientific Name Family Common Name

1 Acalypha hispida Euphorbiaceae Acalypha

2 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Akanda

3 C. Gigantea Asclepiadaceae Sweet Akanda

4 Canna indica Cannaceae Kalabati

5 Carissa carandas Apocynaceae Karamcha

6 C. esculanta Apocynaceae Karameha

7 Cassia alata Caesalpiniaceae Ring Worm Senna

8 C. occidentalis Caesalpiniaceae Kalkasunda

9 C. sophera Caesalpiniaceae Kalkasunda

10 C. tora Caesalpiniaceae Chakundi

11 Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Nayantara

12 Capparis spinosa Capparidaceae Kabra

13 Cestrum nocturnum Solanaceae Hasnuhama

14 Codiaeum variegatum Euphobiaceae Pata Bahar

15 Crotalaria juncea Papilionaceae Shon Pat

16 Canavalia lineata Papilionaceae Horse Beam

17 Duranta spinosa Verbenaceae Golden Dew Drop

18 Euphorbia leucocephala Euphorbiaceae Pheeljhuri

19 E. nivulia Euphorbiaceae Sij Mansa

20 Excoecaria bicolor Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria

21 Gardenia gummifera Rubiaceae Dikamali

22 G. jasminoides Rubiaceae Gandharaj

23 Glycosmis pentaphylla Rutaceae Bonnimbu

24 Hibiscus mutabilis Malvaceae Sthal Padma

25 H. Rosa-sinensis Malvaceae Jaba

26 Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae Rangan

27 Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae Sweet Nerenda

28 I. gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae Varenda

29 Lantana camara Verbenaceae Chotra

30 L. depressa Verbenaceae Chotra

31 Musa sapientum Musaceae Kala

32 Mussaenda erythrophylla Rubiaceae Dhobibus

33 M. philippica Rubiaceae Patralekha

34 Moringa pterygosperma Moringaceae Sajna


Chapter- 3




35 Nerium indicum Apocynaceae Karobi

36 N. oleander Apocynaceae Rose Bay

37 Opuntia dillenii Cactaceae Phanimansa

38 Ocimum sp Labiatae Tulshi

39 Pandanus tectorius Pandanaceae Keya

40 P. foetidus Pandanaceae Keya Kanta

41 P. fascicularis Pandanaceae Keya

42 T. diuaricata Apocynaceae Tagar

43 Thevetia peruviana Apocynaceae Kolkaful 44 Piper betle Piperaceae Betel

TABLE 3-20: LIST OF HERBS IN THE REGION

Sr. No. Scientific Name Family Common Name

1 Abelmoschus manihot Malvaceae Bon Vendi

2 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Patari

3 Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae Muktajhuri

4 Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Apang

5 Ageratum conyzoides Compositae Vehunti

6 Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Kanta Notya

7 A. Viridis Amaranthaceae Ban Natya

8 Anisomeles ovata Labiatae Gobura

9 Blumea lacera Compositae Kukur Sunga

10 Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Punarnava

11 Bryophyllum sp Crassulaceae Patharkuchi

12 Celosia cristata Amaranthaceae Morog Jhuti

13 C. Argentia Amaranthaceae Swet Murga

14 Cleome gynandra Capparidaceae Swet Hurhuria

15 C. Rutidosperma Capparidaceae Hurhuria

16 C. Viscosa Capparidaceae Holud Hurhuria

17 Crotalaria retusa Papilionaceae Bil Jhun Jhun

18 Croton bonplandianum Euphorbiaceae Croton

19 Datura metel Solanaceae Dhutura

20 D. Suaveolens Solanaceae Dhutura

21 Dentella repens Rubiaceae Bhuipot

22 Dieffenbachia seguine Araceae Ice Pot

23 Duranta repens Verbenaceae Pigeon Berry

24 Ecbolium linneanum Acanthaceae Udajati

25 Eclipta alba Asteraceae Keshut

26 Eupatorium odoratum Compositae Tibra Gandha

27 E. Triplinerve Compositae Ayapana

28 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Barokheruie

29 Heliotropium indicum Boraginaceae Haotisur

30 Hibiscus vitifolius Malvaceae Ban Kapas

31 Hyptis suaveolens Labiatae Bilati Tulshi

32 Jatropha podagrica Euphorbiaceae Jatropha

33 Lathyrus aphaca Papilionaceae Jangli Matar


Chapter- 3



Sr. No. Scientific Name Family Common Name

34 Leonurus sibiricus Labiatae Raktadran

35 Leucas lavendulaefolia Labiatae Halkasa

36 Lindenbergia indica Scrophulariaceae Haldi Basanta

37 Lippia nodiflora Verbenaceae Bhutbhuti

38 Malachra capitata Malvaceae Pardeshibhind

39 Nelsonia campestris Acanthaceae Nelsania

40 Oldenlandia corymbosa Rubiaceae Khetpapra

41 O. Paniculata Rubiaceae Khetpapra

42 Oxalis acetosella Oxalidaceae Amrul

43 O. corniculata Oxalidaceae Amrul

44 Pancratium parvum Amaryllidaceae Sukh Darshan

45 Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Parthenium

46 Phyllanthus niruri Euphorbiaceae Bhui amla

47 Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Baralaniya

48 Pouzolzia indica Urticaceae Youdich

49 Rouvolfia canescens Apocynaceae Barachandrica

50 Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae Chatpati

51 Rungia parviflora Acanthaceae Hasa Arak

52 Rumex dentatus Polygonaceae Amruli

53 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Madukam

54 Sesuvium portulacastrum Aizoaceae Jadu Palang

55 Sida acuta Malvaceae Sweet Berela

56 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Swet Berela

57 S. Rhombifolia Malvaceae Lal Berela

58 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Kakmachi

59 S. torvum Solanaceae Bon Begun

60 Spilanthes acmella Compositae Pipulka

61 Tephrosia purpurea Papilionaceae Ban Neel

62 Tridax procumbens Compositae Tridakshya

63 Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae Bonokra

64 Urena sinuata Malvaceae Kunjia

65 Vernonia cinerea Compositae Kukshim

66 Wedelia calendulacea Compositae Keshraj

67 Xanthium strumarium Compositae Bankara

68 Gnaphalium palvinatum Asteraceae Bal Raksha

69 Solanum ferox Solanaceae Ram Begun

70 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Hasarak

71 Agave cantala Liliaceae Bombay Aloe

72 Sansevieria roxburghiana Liliaceae Garachakra

73 Phyllanthus urinaria Euphorbiaceae Hazarmani

74 Rumex maritimus Polygonaceae Bon Palung

75 Suaeda nudiflora Chenopodiaceae Geria

76 Alternanthera sesselis Amaranthaceae Giojihra


Chapter- 3



TABLE 3-21: LIST OF CLIMBERS IN THE REGION


1. Allamanda cathartica Apocynaceae Harkakra

2. Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae Ishvarimul

3. Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Satamuli

4. Coccinia cordifolia Cucurbitaceae Telakucha

5. Gelsemium sempervirens Longaniaceae Climbing Jui

6. Derris scandens Papilionaceae Noalaya

7. Holboellia latifolia Lardizabalaceae Gophal

8. Ipomoea bona nox Convolvulaceae Dudhiakalmi

9. I. nil Convolvulaceae Nil Kalmi

10. I. pestigridis Convolvulaceae Langulilata

11. Luffa cylindrica Cucurbitaceae Dhudul

12. Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae Lau

13. Mikania micrantha Asteraceae Germani Lata

14. M. scandens Compositae Ravan Lata

15. Mucuna prurita Papilionaceae Alkhusi

16. Quisqualis indica Combretaceae Madhabi Lata

17. Scindapsus aureus Areceae Money Plant

18. Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Golancha

19. Vitis trifolia Vitaceae Amul Lata

20. Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae Chupri Aloo

21. Calamus viminalis Palmae Barabet

22. Calamus rotung Palmae Bet

23. Tylophora asthmatica Asclepiadaceae Muli, Antomul

24. Dischidia nummularia Asclepiadaceae Bandikuri

25. Hoya parasitica Asclepiadaceae Common Wax Plant

26. Finlaysonia abovata Asclepiadaceae Dudhilata

27. D. uliginosa Leguminosae Panlata

28. Mucuna gigantea Leguminosae Turi Bilangi

3.6.5 Terrestrial Fauna

Terrestrial Fauna within Study area Common drongo, house swift and house crow among avi fauna and Jackal, monkey and wild pig among mammals were observed within the study area. Terrestrial Fauna in the Region The region is also very rich in faunal wealth. Different kinds of butterflies, reptiles, amphibians, aquatic birds, avi fauna etc. are also present in good number. The beach line avifauna especially egrets, cormorants, ducks, open bill etc. are often captured by the resident population. Dragonflies like Evening Hawker, Scarlet Skimmer and Slender Skimmer are frequently seen. Butterflies like Monarch, Swallow tail, Lemon Pansy, Common Indian Crow, Trailed Jay, Plain Tiger etc. are mainly common in the proposed project site. The species observed are


Chapter- 3



presented in Table-3-22. It may be observed from the tables that the species observed are of general nature.

TABLE 3-22: LIST OF AVI-FAUNA IN THE REGION

S. No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitant Status

1 Dinopium benghalense Golden Backed Wood Pecker R

2 Clamator jacobinus Pied Cuckoo M

3 Cuculum varius Common Hawk Cuckoo RM

4 Centropus sinensis Coucal R

5 Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet RM

6 P. krameri Rose Ringed Parakeet R

7 Apus pacifieus House Swift R

8 Cypsiurus balasiensis Palm Swift RM

9 Columba livia Rock Pigeon R

10 Streptopeliua chinensis Spotted Dove R

11 S. decaocta Collarded Dove RM

12 Milvus migrans Pariah Kite R

13 Gyps bengalensis White Rumped Vulture R

14 Lanius tephronotus Gray Backed Shrike RM

15 Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous Treepie R

16 Corvus splendens House Crow R

17 C. macrorhynchos Large Billed Crow R

18 Artamus fuscus Ashy Wood Swallow R

19 Oriolus oriolus Eurarian Golden Oriole M

20 O. xanthornus Black Hooded Oriole R

21 Dicrurus macrocurcus Black Drongo R

22 D. leucophaeus Ashy Drongo RM

23 D. aeneus Bronzed Drongo R

24 Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin R

25 Sturnus contra Asian Pied Myna R

26 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna R

27 A. fuscus Jungle Myna RM

28 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow M

29 Pycnonotus jocosus Red Whiskered Bulbul R

30 P. cafer Red Vented Bulbul R

31 Acrocephalus aedon Thick Billed Wrabler M

32 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailored Bird R

33 Passer domesticus House Sparrow R

34 Motacilla alba White Wagtail RM

35 M. flava Yellow Wagtail M

36 Lenchura malacca Black headed Munia R

37 Acrocephalus stentoreus Indian Great Red Wrabler M

38 Vanellus cinereus Grey Headed Lapwing M

39 V. indicus Red Wattled Lapwing R

40 Pluvialis apricaria Golden Plaver M

41 Upupa epops Common Hoopoe R

N.B. - R-Residential, M- Migratory, RM- Residential and Migratory


Chapter- 3



TABLE 3-23: LIST OF FAUNA IN THE REGION

3.6.6 Aquatic Ecosystem

Unpolluted fresh water is amongst the most endangered of our natural resources, basically fragile communities that supports may similarly be under threat. With increased understanding of the process that operates in these dynamic assemblages of species, attention has been directed towards the effect exerted by different groups of the substances such as heavy metals and organic substances on the aquatic plant and animal communities. An attempt has been made to generate baseline data of the water bodies in study area to know the existing biological spectrum. This information will give a clear picture of current load of pollution or inflows coming from surrounding areas to the aquatic bodies.

S. No.

Scientific Name Common Name Schedule

1 Gecko gecko Tucktoo Schedule IV

2 Hemidactylus leschenumti Tree Gecko

Schedule IV

3 Hemidactylus flaviviridis Wall Lizard Schedule IV

4 Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Schedule IV

5 Trimeresurus gramineus Bamboo Pit Riper Schedule IV

6 Varanus sp Water Monitor Schedule II

SNAKES

7 Ptyas mucosus Common Rat Snake Schedule II

8 Vipera russelli Russell's Viper Schedule II

9 Naja naja King Cobra Schedule II

10 Bungarus Caeruleus Common Indian Krait Schedule III

11 Ahaetulla Iristes Common Indian Bronze Back Schedule III

12 Bungarus Fasciatus Sakhamuti Schedule III

MAMMALS

1 Bos indicus Cow Schedule IV

2 Canis familiaris Dog Schedule IV

3 Capra benghalensis Goat Schedule IV

4 Bubalus indicus Buffalo Schedule IV

5 Suneus murinus House Shrew Schedule IV

6 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey Schedule II

7 Presbytis entellus Langur Schedule II

8 Canis aureus Jackal Schedule II

9 Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet Schedule IV

10 Paradoxurus harmaphroditus Palm Civet

Schedule IV

11 Funumbulus sp Squirrel Schedule IV

12 Mus musculus House Mouse Schedule IV

13 Bandicota bengalensis Indian Mole Rat Schedule IV

14 Vulpes bengalensis Fox Schedule II

15 Sus scrofa Wild Pig Schedule III


Chapter- 3



3.6.6.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study Four water samples for plankton study were collected from lentic ecosystem. The samples were collected 0.3 m from surface of the water. The details of the sampling locations are presented in Table-3-24.

TABLE 3-24: DETAILS OF AQUATIC SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code Locations

AE-1 At Santra Creek

AE-2 Near South Jetty

The samples were collected in one liter capacity polyethylene cans and the samples were fixed with 4% buffered formaline solution. For the measurement of frequencies of various forms of phyto-plankton and zoo-plankton, one drop of the sediment plankton was mounted on a microslide and as many as 10 different microscope fields situated at more or less even distances from each other were examined and the number of Importance organisms counted (Lackey Method, 17

th edition, APHA, AWWA 1992). The plankton forms were identified

upto species level and Shannon Weaver’s index was calculated.

Macrophytes and fish faunas

The aquatic macrophytic vegetation is most common in the roadside swamp, canal, aquatic fields, and village pond and rice field. Secondary information was also collected from different sources, such as local villagers. Fresh Water Fish fauna has been listed in Table-3.-25. The detailed analysis of fish data also indicates that a larger number of well-diversified fish species are available in that area.

TABLE 3-25: LIST OF FRESH WATER FISH IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name

1. Chela laubuca Beki chela

2. Salmostoma sardinella Chela

3. Amblypharyagodon mola Morola

4. Catla catla Katla

5. Cirrhinus reba Mrigal

6. Labeo rohita Rohu

7. L. bata Bata

8. Puntinus saphere Punthi

9. P. tieto Tita punthi

10. Aorichths seenhala Arr-Tangra

11. Ompok pada Padba

12. Clarius batrachus Magur

13. Notopterus chitala Chital

14. N. notopterus Falui

15. Channa striatus Shol

16. Gonialosa Sanmina Khoira

17. Barilius bola Bhola

18. Mystus seenghala Catfish


Chapter- 3




19. M. canasius Catfish

20. Rita rita Rita

21. Channa striatus Stripped snakehead

22. Chanda nama Glassy perch

23. Nandus nandus Nandesus

24. Mastacembelus armatus Spiny eel

Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton’s are the primary producers of an ecosystem and thus, help maintain DO of a water body. If there is any reduction in number of phytoplankton, it ultimately affects the whole ecosystem. The phytoplankton’s, as observed during the field investigation are represented in Table-3-26.

TABLE 3-26: LIST OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Scientific Name

1. Microcystis sp.

2. Oscillatoria sp.

3. Aphanocapsa sp.

4. Chroococus sp.

5. Vaucheria sp.

6. Enteromorpha sp.

7. Ulva sp.

8. Euglena sp

9. Spirogyra sp

10. Oedogonium sp

11. Closterium sp

12. Pediastrum sp

13. Pleurosigma sp

14. Nitzchia sp

15. Navicula sp

16. Surirelia sp

17. Fragilaria sp

18. Dictylum sp

19. Melosira sp

20. Coscinodiscus sp

21. Thalassiothrix sp

22. Chaetoceros sp

23. Eudorina sp

24. Scenedesmus sp

Zooplankton

In the collected samples, Zooplankton consists mainly of Nauplii, Daphnia and Cyclops. Details of the zooplanktons observed in the post monsoon season are presented in Table-3-27.


Chapter- 3



TABLE 3-27: LIST OF ZOOPLANKTON IN THE STUDY AREA


1. Ciliates

2. Moina sp

3. Ceriodaphnia sp

4. Cyclops sp

5. Rotifer

6. Nauplius sp

Algae 10 species of algae were listed from Paradip port area. The common species were Enteromorpha compressa, Cladophora uncinella, Lyngbya lutea, Oscillatoria subbrevis etc. Details of the algae observed in the post-monsoon season are presented in Table-3-28.

TABLE 3-28: LIST OF ALGAE OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA


CYANOPHYTA

1 Aphanocapsa moontana

2 Chroococcus turgidus

3 Dermocapra olivacea

4 Lyngbya lutea

5 Spirogyra sp

6 Oscillatoria subbrevis

XANTHOPHYTA

7 Vaucheria submarina

CHOLOROPHYTA

8 Enteromorpha compressa

9 Ulva lactuca

10 Cladophora uncinella

3.7 Marine Environment

The state of Odisha has 480 km of coastal belt, 0.65 million hectares of fresh water and 0.59 million hectares of brackish water area. The total quantity of fish produced from fresh water, brackish water and marine water was 257.662 Metric tonnes in 1994-95. Exploitation of marine fish resources and culture of prawns in back-water areas are the two promising areas for increasing the export potential of the state. The ocean water is very unique in the sense that it has the great dissolving power and because of this capacity it is able to dissolve most of the salts and sediments brought in by large number of rivers. The ocean water is also unique for its week acid and buffering power. Because of these special characteristics only the salinity and most of other chemical constituents of ocean water does not change much specially in the open ocean. However in recent past it has been observed that due to different kinds of human intervention through the developmental activities like, extensive urbanization, industrialization, construction of ports and harbours, etc. have affected the coastal water characteristics. The coastal area accommodates around 25% of total population by virtue of its geographical location. The likely sources of coastal pollution at Paradip are:


Chapter- 3



Municipal Sewage Industrial Effluent Aquaculture Effluent Ports & Harbours Fisheries Harbours Fish Processing Industries Salt Pans Tourist Resorts / beaches Solid Waste Dumping, etc. The domestic effluent or the municipal wastewater constitutes the largest single source of coastal pollution, followed by the discharges from the industries, ports and harbours etc. Considering the importance of the coastal ecosystem, this study has been undertaken to assess the prevailing ecological condition of paradip coast of Odisha. Collection method: Water, Plankton (Phyto and Zooplankton) and sediments were collected from the south jetty point as per the standard protocol. A vessel was hired to reach the sampling site. Plankton was collected using slandered plankton net. Sediment was collected with the help of Ekman Grab. Temp, pH, DO, CO2 and Alkalinity were immediately analysed. Rest of the sample was preserved and analysed later using standard method as per APHA 1998 & the result is given in Table-3-29.

TABLE 3-29: WATER AND SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Sr. No Parameter Unit Quality

1 Water Temp. 0C 27.1

2 Salinity ppt 34.2

3 DO mg/l 4.4

4 Free CO2 - Nil

5 Total Alkalinity mg/L 142

6 Water pH - 8.1

7 Turbidity NTU 26.0

8 Conductivity µmhos/cm 42500

9 Total Hardness mg/l 5860

10 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 39514

11 Sediment pH - 8.4

12 Sediment Organic Carbon

% 1.15

Fish fauna As per the market survey and secondary information, marine water fish fauna has been collected and is listed in Table-3-30. The detailed analysis of fish data also indicates that a larger number of well-diversified fish species are available in the area. Species wise and year wise marine fish landing in fishing harbour is given in Table-3-30 and the species diversity index is given in Table-3-31.


Chapter- 3



TABLE 3-30: LIST OF MARINE FISH IN THE STUDY AREA


1 Carchartinus sp Sharks

2 Barbus chwanenfeldi Barb

3 Gymnura sp Rays

4 Thrissina sp Clupeids

5 Epinephelus alexandrinus Timid fish

6 Lepturacanthus sp Ribbon Fish

7 Aequedens pulcher Blue acara

8 Parastromateus sp Black Pomphret

9 Chana puntatus Bombay duck

10 Scomberomous sp Mackerel

11 Psettodes sp Flat Fish

12 Hilsa ilisha Hilsa Fish

13 Abudefduf bengalensis Bombin

14 Dasytis centroura Sting ray

15 Rhinocanthus verrucosus Trigger Fish

16 Mastacembelus armatus Spiny Eel

TABLE 3-31: SPECIES WISE AND YEARWISE MARINE FISH LANDING IN

FISHING HARBOUR, PARADIP (IN MT)

Sr.No

Name of the Species YEAR

05-06 06-07 07/08 up to January’08

1 Shark 126.30 86.36 78.88

2 Skates 28.57 30.70 43.08

3 Rays 192.11 125.48 227.42

4 Other Saridon 8.24 7.69 6.75

5 Thrissocles Nil 15.03 122.50

6 Wilisashed - - 5.350

7 Anchovies 431.93 1942.07 682.72

8 Emegalops 695.84 349.63 377.47

9 Harpodon nehures 15.23 - 6.27

10 Silver Bar 153.88 256.24 121.41

11 Ribbon fish 1855.90 2259.40 4877.63

12 Clupeids 778.84 442.26 323.76

13 Indian Mackerel 950.13 2662.78 554.68

14 S. commerson - 19.93 25.97

15 Bombay Duck 11.98 135.02 77.08

16 Tunnies - 15.06 -

17 Spiny Eel 313.70 272.44 290.33

18 Cat fish 379.11 263.95 366.60

19 Treadfin Breams 81.19 190.45 87.90

20 Sciaenids 31..072 2737.67 2691.44

21 Leignathus 408.14 612.06 572.76

22 Black Pomphret 567.01 265.17 257.83

23 Silver Pomphret 744.27 449.62 542.99


Chapter- 3



Sr.No

Name of the Species YEAR

05-06 06-07 07/08 up to January’08

24 Flat fish 821.90 839.97 424.76

25 Bagda 281.39 240.45 197.59

26 Galda 566.59 602.58 379.41

27 Metapinus Prawn 1121.64 3006.20 2960.65

28 Non-penacid prawn 381.77 171.73 117.30

29 Crab 376.11 170.08 530.15

30 Squid & Cuttle fish 242.64 429.11 327.05

31 Miscellaneous 2968.94 2075.62 2335.63

TOTAL 14503.35 20674.75 19613.36

TABLE 3-32: SPECIES DIVERSITY INDEX OF MARINE FISH

OF THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Type of Fish Quantity (%)

1 Sharks 17

2 Barb 14

3 Rays 13

4 Clupeids 7

5 Timid fish 6

6 Ribbon Fish 6

7 Blue acara 5

8 Black Pomphret 5

9 Bombay duck 4

10 Mackerel 4

11 Flat Fish 3

12 Hilsa Fish 2

13 Rays 2

14 Lizard fish 2

15 Cephalopods 2

16 Sardine 1

17 Eels 1

18 Sharks 1

19 Skates 1

20 Others 4

Shannon’s species diversity index 2.634

From the above results, the following conclusions may be drawn:

The water and sediment quality is within the limit;

There may not be any problem for general survival of the organisms;

Plankton population is moderate; and

Diversity index indicates low to moderate plankton diversity.


Chapter- 3



SANTRA CREEK

NORTH REFINERY

FIGURE 3-14: PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ECOLOGICAL SURVEY


Chapter- 3



3.8 Demography and Socio-Economics

In this section, the prevailing socio-economic aspects of people in the study area, which would form the basis for making planning efforts for the socio-economic development of people of the study area, have been described. Photographs showing the socio economic survey are shown in Figure-3-16.

3.8.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes primary survey and review of

published secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks-2011) with respect to population, occupational structure and infrastructure facilities available for 10km all along the conveyor project. Based on the primary data and available secondary information a database is developed. The database was screened, updated and analyzed to know the socio-economic status of the population.

3.8.2 Demography

Almost all villages in the study area are experiencing a rapid growth of population, which may be due to the process of industrialization.

Distribution of Population As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 80522 souls inhabited in study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table-3-33.

TABLE 3-33: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Particulars Within Study Area

No. of Households 39113

Male Population 169222

Female Population 88700

Total Population 80522

Male Population (0-6 years) 17840

Female Population (0-6 years) 9391

Total Population (0-6 years) 8449

Average Household Size 4.32

% of males to the total population 51.42

% of females to the total population 47.58

Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 907.80

Source: Primary Survey & District Census Hand Book–2011 The males and females constitute to about 51.42% and 47.58% of the study area population respectively. Average Household Size

The study area has a family size of 4.32.


Chapter- 3



Sex Ratio The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 51.42% and females to 47.58% of the total population. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males is about 907.80 within the study area.

3.8.3 Social Structure

In the study area, about 22.55% of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 1.80% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). The distribution of population by social structure is shown in Table-3-34.

TABLE 3-34: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Particulars Within the Study Area

Schedule caste 38159

% To the total population 22.55

Schedule Tribes 3051

% To the total population 1.80

Total SC and ST population 41210

% To total population 24.35

Total population 169222

Source: Primary Survey & District Census Hand Book–2011 3.8.4 Literacy Levels

The study area experiences a literacy rate of 85.57%. The distribution of literate and literacy

rate in the study area is given in Table-3-35.

TABLE 3-35: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES


Male literates 72119

Female literates 57430

Total literates 129549

Male literacy rate (%) 55.67

Female literacy rate (%) 44.33

Average Male Literacy to the total population (%) 47.64

Average female Literacy to the total population (%) 151382

Total Literacy rate (%) 85.57

Source: Primary Survey & District Census Hand Book–2011

The male literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total males of the study area works out to be 55.67%. The female literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 44.33% in the study area.


Chapter- 3



3.8.5 Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services.

The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories. As per the survey and 2011 census records altogether the main workers works out to be 28.16% of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 6.32% and 65.50% of the total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table-3-36.

TABLE 3-36: OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE


Total Population 169222

Total workers 58370

Work participation rate (%) 34.49

Total main workers 47662

% of main workers to total population 28.16

Marginal workers 10708

% of marginal workers to total population 6.32

Non-workers 110852

% of non-workers to total population 65.50

Source: Primary Survey & District Census Hand Book–2011 3.8.6 Health environment

The following are the details of the Public Health Amenities available in paradip municipality for 17

th, 18

th wards. The details were collected from medical officer, Jagatsingpur district.

Authenticated document is enclosed as Annexure. Urban Health Centre : One No. of sub centres : One Doctors in PHC : One (Homeopathy) Total number of ANMs : One No. of Beds in PHC : Not Available Male workers : Not Available Staff nurse : One Pharmacist : One


Chapter- 3



Lab technician : Not Available Asha : Six

TABLE 3-37: PATIENTS TREATED FROM JANUARY 2012-OCTOBER 2012

Month Total No. of

Patients Treated Male Female Children

January 1000 500 400 100

February 900 450 400 50

March 800 300 300 200

April 800 290 310 200

May 700 300 250 150

June 1200 400 400 400

July 1500 500 500 500

August 1700 600 600 500

September 800 300 300 200

October 700 250 250 250

Source: Report from Medical Officer, District Jagatsinghpur

TABLE 3-38: MATERNITY CASES

Normal Deliveries

Abnormal Deliveries

Total Deliveries

Forceps Deliveries

Caesarian Deliveries

Other (Home

Domiciliary)

120 10 130 3 1 60


TABLE 3-39: PATIENTS TREATED IN EACH CATEGORY OF DISEASE

Sr.No Disease No. of Patients Treated

1 Amoebiasis 20

2 Infection coli enteritis and gastro enteritis

120

3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 9

4 Other helmenthiosis 200

5 Disorder of thyroid gland 2

6 Diabetic mellitus 25

7 Cataract 15

8 Hypertensive heart disease 50

9 Conjunctivitis 2

10 Acute tonsillitis 10

11 Other acute upper respiration 200

12 Bronchitis chronic and asthma 10

13 Ulcer stomach and endowments 30

14 Other disease of skin and subcutaneous tissues

20

15 Other disorder of joints 100



Chapter- 3



FIGURE 3-15: SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY


Chapter- 4

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures


4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Introduction

Description of the existing environmental setting/baseline conditions is presented in Chapter-3 for all the environmental attributes. The preliminary impacts of the proposed closed conveyor and troughed conveyer of Pet Coke and its associated activities on environment have been conceived based on the information collected in the site and the preliminary information provided by the project proponents. Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project. Secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and economic activities due to the proposed project. The impacts, both positive and negative, have been predicted for the proposed Pet Coke Conveyor project considering the existing baseline status in 10 km radius area around the project facility. The proposed project activities would create impact on the environment in two distinct phases:

During construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short-term and reversible; and

During operational phase which would have long-term effects. The construction and operational phase of the proposed Pet Coke Conveyor project comprises various activities each of which may have an impact (positive or negative) on some or other environmental attribute. The impacts have been addressed below.

4.2 Impacts during Construction and Operational Phase

The impact assessment has been addressed for the following attributes, which may get affected due to the proposed activities of the project:

Impact on Topography;

Impact on Climate;

Impact on Air Quality;

Impact on Noise Levels;

Impact on Hydrology and Water Quality;

Impact due to Solid Waste Generation;

Impact due to Accidents;

Impact on Terrestrial ecology;

Impact on Aquatic Ecology; and

Impact on Human Use Values. The impact of the proposed project activity on each of the above environmental attributes is discussed below.


Chapter- 4



4.2.1 Impact on Topography

The project activities include excavation of soil for laying of pillars and erection of the conveyor belt. Very minor or no levelling would be required for the construction of the proposed pet coke conveyor. The top soil of excavated area during the construction will be kept separately and will be used for vegetation. Thus the impact on the topography during the construction is insignificant. During the operation phase of the closed petcoke conveyor project, the presence of the conveyor will be the only visible impact on the existing flat/barren topography. As the conveyor is closed and petcoke is sprinkled with water during the transportation on the conveyor there will be very less spillage thus decreasing the impact on the topography.

Impact Mitigation for Topography

Measures to reduce the risk and impact of soil erosion include:

Minimising the area cleared during excavations, in particular minimising the disturbance of erodible soils

Minimising the time period between clearing and restoration

Keeping topsoil stockpiled separate from subsoil’s and respreading after backfilling in the immediate vicinity of its origin

Promoting rapid restoration by conserving and re-spreading topsoil

Reinstating surface contours and natural drainage patterns

Reinstating watercourse banks as soon as practicable and applying bank stabilization techniques as necessary

Restricting the use of heavy machinery to the minimum necessary to complete the task

Restricting vehicle use in wet or boggy conditions

Monitoring for erosion, evidence of inversion and compaction

4.2.2 Impact on Climate

Impact on the climatic conditions from the proposed activities are not envisaged as there will not be any hot liquid or gaseous emissions from the conveyor belt operation. The area of the proposed conveyor is devoid of vegetation. As it is a closed conveyor there will be no impact on the present climatic conditions both in constructional and operational phase of the project. Comparison of regional data with the monitored data reveals that there is not much variation in temperature, relative humidity and predominant wind directions and speed.

4.2.3 Impact on Air Quality

The impact on ambient air quality is assessed hereunder considering the existing baseline air quality. The ambient air quality levels along the proposed petcoke project are observed to be well within the stipulated standards applicable for residential/rural and sensitive areas. No impact on air quality as it is a closed system.


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Impact Mitigation Dust emissions will be mitigated by minimising the period between clearing and restoration, and limiting vehicle speeds on access tracks and the easement. As this is a closed conveyor fugitive emissions are less and other air emissions will be mitigated by employing adequate pollution control measures on plant and equipment.

4.2.4 Impact on Noise levels

The noise produced during construction may have impact on the existing ambient noise levels. The major work will be carried out during the daytime. The construction equipment may generate high noise levels, which can affect the personnel operating the machines. Use of proper personal protective equipment will mitigate any adverse impact of the noise generated by such equipment. Noise generation is temporary and is restricted to construction site. The noise levels in the working environment are compared with the standards prescribed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA-USA), which in turn are being enforced by Govt. of India through Model rules framed under the Factories Act. These standards were established with the emphasis on reducing the hearing loss. The acceptable limits for each shift being of 8 hour duration, the equivalent noise level exposure during the shift is 90 dB (A). Hence noise generated due to excavation and drilling may affect workers, if equivalent 8 hour exposure is more than the safety limit. The noise likely to be generated during excavation of earth, loading, Erection and transportation of construction material will be in the range of 90 to 100 dB (A) and this will occur only when all the equipment operate together and simultaneously. This will be a remote possibility. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 80-90 dB (A) in an 8 hour shift for which all statutory precautions as per laws should be taken into consideration. As all the construction activities will cease during this phase, the impact on ambient noise levels during this phase will be marginal and limited to the Conveyor belt only. Such marginal increase in the resultant noise levels would not alter the noise environment significantly and in any case the noise levels would be below the permissible limits. Thus no significant impact on the ambient noise quality is envisaged.

4.2.5 Impact on Hydrology & Water Quality

The existing water quality has been assessed by studying surface and ground water samples in the area surrounding 10-km radius of the proposed petcoke conveyor and is presented in chapter-3. Crossing of creek shall be on trestles with adequate clearance thereby having negligible impact on the flow.

4.2.6 Impact Due to Solid Waste Generation

During construction, solid waste generated will include packaging and wrapping material, stubs of spent welding electrodes, used rags and housekeeping etc. IOCL Contractors will be responsible for disposal / resale of the wastes and these shall be disposed off at Municipality/ Local Body approved sites.


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The other solid waste generated during construction phase would be the soil excavated during trenching. The excavated soil will be used for refilling to the extent possible. Any soil laced with oil and other hazardous chemicals will be separated from such impurities, treated and disposed at nearest TSDF sites.

Spent oils and other lubricants from equipment will be collected in enclosed container before disposing off to CPCB/ local PCB approved recyclers.

Hence impact on the surrounding environment during construction and operation phase of the project is not envisaged due to solid waste generation.

4.2.7 Impact on Ecological Resources

Ecological impacts would be primarily confined to the conveyor belt area

General management strategies that are implemented to minimise the impacts on flora and fauna are provided below. Impact mitigation measures include:

restricting operational activities to day time

minimising the time between clearing and rehabilitating the easement when excavations and eraction are required

trimming vegetation rather than clearing, particularly at watercourses

where practical, removing vegetation without disturbing the soil to preserve root and seed-stock along the easement

keeping topsoil stockpiled separate from subsoil’s and respreading after backfilling in the immediate vicinity of its origin

respreading of cleared vegetation where it does not impede vehicles, stock Control measures are in place regarding the restriction of potential ignition sources and welding activities and the likelihood of a fire resulting from these activities is considered remote.

4.2.8 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

The impact in the context of biota and fishery resources in the area is not considered to be significant as the construction in the creek is for minimal period.

The impact of closed conveyor passing through the creek would have least impact on the aquatic ecological status as there will be no spillage in this area.

4.2.9 Impact on Human Use Values

Water Supply

The water requirement is only for drinking, sanitation and sprinkling purpose at the conveyor. The total water requirement at the pumping station will be met form the local water supply scheme or from bore wells. This requirement will not lead to any significant negative impact on the existing water supply system.


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Impact on Land use

The present land use of proposed project area is unculturable waste type. There will be positive impact on the present land use as there will be structures and greenery on this type of land during the operation of the project. Impact on Soil Quality

The proposed land of the pumping station is mostly barren land with less fertility. Top soil will be removed during the excavation. This soil cover will be reused for greenbelt development. Hence no negative impact is envisaged on the top soil cover. During operation phase of the project greenbelt development will be done in phased manner, which will be the positive impact. Measures to improve on Socio economic conditions For the benefit of the community in the vicinity of the project sites, the company has been taking several measures to develop various amenities in an effort to improve standard of living.


Chapter- 5

Environment Monitoring Program

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd (a Bureau Veritas Group Company)

Ref BV Bhagavathi: IND.BH.41.14.0139/HSR Rev. 01, Final C5-83

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1 Environmental Monitoring Program

5.1.1 Introduction

The Environmental Monitoring Program is laid out based on the following definition of

environmental monitoring:

“Environmental effects monitoring is the repetitive and systematic measurement of the

characteristics of environmental components to test specific hypotheses of the effects of human

activity on the environment. Environmental monitoring is undertaken primarily to determine the

environmental effects of human activities, and secondarily to increase understanding of cause-

effect relationships between human activity and environmental change.”

5.1.2 Environmental Effects Monitoring In EIA

Environmental effects monitoring programs provide the necessary information to:

Verify the accuracy of EIA predictions;

Determine the effectiveness of measures to mitigate adverse effects of projects on the

environment.

Feedback from environmental monitoring programs may be used to:

Determine whether more or less stringent mitigation measures are needed;

To improve the predictive capabilities of EIAs.

Environmental monitoring program is a vital process of any management plan of the development

project. This helps in signalling the potential problems resulting from the proposed project and will

allow for prompt implementation of effective corrective measures. The environmental monitoring

will be required for the construction and operational phases. The main objectives of

environmental monitoring area:

To assess the changes in environmental conditions,

To monitor the effective implementation of mitigation measures,

Warn significant deteriorations in environmental quality for further prevention action.

In order to meet the above objectives the following parameters need to be monitored:

Afforestation,

Water quality and public health,


Chapter- 5

Environment Monitoring Program



Air and noise quality,

Soil conservation, and

Solid and Liquid waste disposal

5.1.3 Proposed Environmental Monitoring Program

The monitoring plans for environmental quality assessment during the different phases of the

project are given in Table 5-1.

TABLE 5-1: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Monitoring Parameter

A Pre-construction Phase Frequency

1 Soil Fertility Fertility parameters like pH, NPK ratio, Total Carbon, etc.

Once during pre construction stage

B Construction Phase

1 Ambient Air Quality As per Consent for Establishment (CFE) issued by SPCB

As defined in CFE by SPCB

2 Ambient Noise Quality

Measurement of Noise Levels Seasonally

3 Ground water Quality Analysis of Parameters as per IS standards

Seasonally

4 Hydrotest Water Quality

pH, DO, TSS, residual free chlorine

During hydro testing

5 Soil Fertility Fertility parameters like pH, NPK ratio, Total Carbon, etc.

Once after restoration of RoU and temporary camps and material laydown area

C Operational Phase

1 Ambient Air Quality As per Consent for Operation (CFO) issued by SPCB

Seasonally

2 Ambient Noise Quality

Measurement of Noise Levels Seasonally

3 Ground Water Quality Analysis of Parameters as per Indian standards

Seasonally


Chapter- 6

Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan


6. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Objectives of Risk Assessment Study

The objectives of the Risk Assessment are as follows:

Identification of vulnerable zones along the Conveyor;

Estimation of hazard distances for the Maximum Credible Accident scenarios;

Failure Frequency Analysis;

Suggestions of risk mitigation measures and delineation of Approach to Disaster Management Plan (DMP).

6.1.2 Scope of Work

The scope of the present chapter is to carry out risk assessment for the proposed petcoke conveyor IOCL Paradip Refinery Plant Standard industry practices of risk assessment are considered in the project. Maximum Credible Accident analysis is carried out to arrive at the hazard distance for the worst case scenario.

6.2 Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) Analysis

MCA stands for Maximum Credible Accident or in other words, an accident with maximum damage distance, which is believed to be probable. MCA analysis does not include quantification of the probability of occurrence of an accident. In practice, the selection of accident scenarios for MCA analysis is carried out on the basis of engineering judgement and past accident analysis.

6.2.1 Methodology of MCA Analysis

The MCA analysis involves ordering and ranking various sections in terms of potential vulnerability. Following steps are involved in the general MCA analysis:

Review of Past accident data

Identification of potential hazardous sections (HAZID)

6.2.2 Past Accident Data Analysis

Analysis of events arising out of the unsafe conditions is one of the basic requirements for ensuring safety in any facility. The data required for such an analysis has either to be generated by monitoring and/or collected from the records of the past occurrences. This data, when analysed, helps in formulation of the steps towards mitigation of hazards faced commonly. Trends in safety of various activities can be evaluated and actions can be planned accordingly, to improve the safety. Data analysis helps in correlating the causal factors and the corrective steps to be taken for controlling the accidents. It is, therefore, of vital importance to collect the data methodically, based on potential incidents, sections involved, causes of failure and the preventive measures taken. This helps to face future eventualities with more preparedness.


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6.2.3 Hazard Identification (HAZID)

The aim of the hazard identification review for the overall field concept is to identify events which pose a high risk to safety and the environment. As the review is at a coarse level based on conceptual engineering, extensive use is made of generic information related to the installations/facilities being assessed. The major hazards identified in this project are

Spillage of petcoke due to overloading

Breakage of conveyor belt

Hood damage of closed conveyor leading to dust emission

Failure of erection leading to accidents

6.2.4 Conclusions on MCA analysis

There should be proper control measures for the above identified hazards to decrease the intensity of the occurrence of hazards. As the material transported in the conveyor is petcoke which is in solid form and doesn’t ignite immediately the probability of fire occurrence is very less. Proper fire hydrant and fire extinguishers are to be provided in distinguished locations to decrease the impact in case of fire. Proper maintenance is to be done frequently to avoid spillages, worn and tear etc.

6.3 Disaster Management Plan

6.3.1 Introduction

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other necessities of life.

Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, are disasters resulting from natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges, cyclones, tropical storms, floods, avalanches, landslides, forest fires. The second group includes disastrous events occasioned by man, or by man's impact upon the environment. Examples are armed conflict, industrial accidents, radiation accidents, factory fires, explosions and escape of toxic gases or chemical substances, creek pollution, mining or other structural collapses, air, sea, rail and road transport accidents and can reach catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss.

There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster in the abstract since this depends to a large extent on the physical, economic and social environment in which it occurs. What would be consider a major disaster in a developing country, ill equipped to cope with the problems involved, may not mean more than a temporary emergency elsewhere. However, all disasters bring in their wake similar consequences that call for immediate action, whether at the local, national or international level, for the rescue and relief of the victims. This includes the search for the dead and injured, medical and social care, removal of the debris, the provision of temporary shelter for the homeless food, clothing and medical supplies, and the rapid re-establishment of essential services.

6.3.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan [DMP]

The Disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the Disaster Management Plan, it should be widely circulated and personnel training through rehearsals/drills.


Chapter- 6



The Disaster Management Plan shall reflect the probable consequential severalties of the undesired event due to deteriorating conditions or through 'Knock on' effects. Further the management shall be able to demonstrate that their assessment of the consequences uses good supporting evidence and is based on currently available and reliable information, incident data from internal and external sources and if necessary the reports of out side agencies.

To tackle the consequences of a major emergency related to Conveyor project, a Disaster Management Plan has to be formulated and this planned emergency document is called "Disaster Management Plan". The objective of the Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the project and the outside services to achieve the following: 1. Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties; 2. Safeguard other people; 3. Minimize damage to property and the environment; 4. Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control; 5. Identify any dead; 6. Provide for the needs of relatives; 6. Provide authoritative information to the news media; 8. Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; and 9. Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and

circumstances of the Emergency. In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue, rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy.

6.3.3 Key Elements of Disaster Management Plan

Following are the key elements of Disaster Management Plan:

o Basis of the plan o Accident prevention procedures/measures o Accident/emergency response planning procedures o Recovery procedure o Onsite & offsite crisis management, communication, contact information etc.

6.4 Emergencies

6.4.1 General Emergencies

The emergencies that could be envisaged in the proposed Conveyor are as follows: 1. A situation of fire at the storage areas; 2. Slow isolated fires; 3. Fast spreading fires; 4. Structural failures; 5. Contamination of food/water; and 6. Sabotage/Social disorder.

6.4.2 Specific Emergencies Anticipated

Fire and Explosion

Fire consequences can be disastrous, since they involve huge quantities of petcoke in Conveyors or in nearby areas. Toxic releases can affect personnel working around. The probability of petcoke catching fire is very localized.


Chapter- 6



6.4.3 Emergency Organization

Emergency Organization would be setup for disaster management for the operation of the proposed IOCL Conveyor. A senior executive who has control over the affairs of the Conveyor would be heading the Emergency Organization. He would be designated at Crisis Coordinators (HO). There will be Crisis Co-ordinators for at each unit and base. A Chief Co-ordinator will ensure the functioning of organization structure during emergency and will be reportable to Crisis Co-ordinators. The Chief Co-ordinator, for himself, organizes a team responsible for controlling the incidence with the personnel under his control.

Emergency Co-ordinators would be appointed who would undertake the responsibilities like fire fighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and provide essential and support services. For this purposes, Security In-charge, Personnel Department, Essential services personnel would be engaged. All these personnel would be designated as Key personnel.

In each shift, electrical supervisor, electrical fitters, house in-charge and other maintenance staff would be drafted for emergency operations. In the event of power or communication system failure, some of staff members in the related offices would be drafted and their services would be utilized as messengers for quick passing of communications. All these personnel would be declared as essential personnel.

6.4.4 Emergency Management Interface

The system in IOCL E&P is three tier (level) structure viz: Emergency Response, Emergency Management and Crisis Management

Immediate response to all emergencies shall be handled by ‘Emergency Response Team’ (ERT) located at the site. This team will be responsible for handling emergencies of minor nature that require no external assistance and can be controlled with local resources available. In such cases, the On-scene commander will notify the event details to the EMT. Depending on the escalation of the emergency, ‘Emergency Management Team (EMT) at Mumbai will be activated simultaneously (Level 2). When the emergency leads to a crisis level and has the potential to affect the business continuity, media interaction etc., Crisis Management Team (CMT) shall be activated (Level 3).


Chapter- 6



The escalation of emergencies from one level to other will be done by the Team Leaders.

6.4.5 Areas of Interface

The EMT and CMT are committed to the above stated emergency priorities. They will not interfere with the local emergency response unless it is to improve the Company’s ability to minimise the corporate effects of the emergency without increasing danger to people or the environment.

Public Affairs, Legal and Financial activities carried out at, for, or on, site are an element of the Emergency Management function and therefore directed in association with the ERG and CRT Leaders.

6.4.6 Emergency Reporting

When witnessing or receiving notification of an emergency, as much information as possible should be taken and/or conveyed to the relevant emergency activation authority. Where possible, all information should be logged in written form with time and date included and provided to the Incident Controller.

Personnel working on the field may, at any time, be exposed to an emergency, which could take many forms, for example (but not limited to): Injuries and/or fatalities Exposures

Aggressive releases Fires and/or explosions Equipment hazards Impacts

Extreme weather Adverse environments When an emergency occurs, an appropriate and prompt response is required, providing precise action to control, correct and return the site to a safe condition. Timely action is also required to protect people, the environment and property from harm.

Reporting Forms for actions to be considered, when witnessing an emergency or receiving a report of an emergency.

6.4.7 Emergency Responsibilities

The responsibilities of the various Co-ordinators are stated below:

6.4.7.1 Crisis Co-ordinator (HO)

To establish emergency control center at head office. To contact crisis cell of the ministry and inform about the incident, magnitude of the

disaster, combating operations, number of casualties if any and any assistance required from outside agencies at the national level.

To approve release of information to Press, TV and Government agencies. To supply manpower from head office and other units as required by Crisis Co-ordinator. To arrange mobilization of material and equipment from other units and outside agencies

as required by Crisis Co-ordinator.

6.4.7.2 Chief Co-ordinator

On getting the message of the disaster, he will rush to the station and start functioning from his office and establish emergency Control Center.

He will ensure the functioning of the necessary organization structure. Assess the scale of emergency procedure and put disaster plan in action.


Chapter- 6



He will be fully responsible to mobilize all the Co-ordinators and will declare the Danger Zones.

To activate station shutdowns through the station Co-ordinator (shift engineer). He will be fully responsible to pass all the information about the incident, magnitude of the

disaster, combating operation and the number of casualties (if any) head. He will advise base head about the requirement of men and materials to the site. He will contact to appraise the magnitude of the disaster for their information and

necessary help. He will inform all statutory bodies regarding the disaster through administration Co-

ordinator. He will contact with the outside agencies to seek their help as per requirement through

administration Co-ordinator. Contact District Magistrate, Superintendent of Police and inform the nature of incident,

personnel injured/dead etc. Maintain speculative continuous review of possible development and assess these to

determine most probable course of events. Ensure that casualties are receiving adequate attention arrange for additional help if

required and ensure that relatives are informed. Control rehabilitation of affected areas on cessation of the emergency. Release the approved information to press and Government agencies through Welfare

and media Co-ordinator.

6.4.7.3 Security Co-ordinator He will be responsible to arrange all security arrangement. He will be always in contact with Administration people and will pass all information to

him. He will be responsible for necessary arrangement to cordon off the danger zone. He will be responsible to escort jeeps to bring higher authorities, external fire tender etc. He will ensure arrangement of strict security personnel. If required. He will be responsible to arrange extra security personnel, if required. He will be responsible to liaise with local police stations. To have gates and roads clear of traffic for easy movement of fire tenders, ambulance

staff on emergency duty. To ensure liaison with chief Co-ordinator.

6.4.7.4 Medical Co-ordinator He will be responsible to set First Aid Center at Site. He will mobilize first aid team and start giving first aid measures to the injured persons. He will arrange ambulance and nurse at site round the clock. He will ensure procurement of required drugs/appliances through material Co-ordinator.

Hospital staff will report to medical Co-ordinator. To ensure maintenance of casualties reregister, type of injury, number, hospitalization etc

and will coordinate with police for completing the formalities, if anyone is found dead. He will be responsible to send the required persons to the hospitals/nursing home.

6.4.7.5 Station Co-ordinator

He will be responsible to stopping the operation at any abnormal condition. He will assist Central Dispatch to inform other stations to stopping operation, when

situation demands. He will inform chief co-ordinator, other co-ordinators, unit head quarters and other

stations about disaster. He will take care of all the station communication in constant touch with the Search Party

at site and assist them in receiving/conveying message and giving feedback incase of emergency on the mainline.


Chapter- 6



He will assist Chief co-ordinator as and when required. To ensure that all the emergency procedure are followed up. To maintain a speculative continuous review of all developments and assess these to

determine the most probable course of events. He will be responsible to starting operation immediately after getting the clearance from

chief co-ordinator. After resumption of operation he will ensure that all preventive safe practices are being

followed.

6.4.7.6 Fire & Safety Co-ordinator As soon as the fire & safety co-ordinator receives the call, he will immediately mobilize his

trained fire fighting personnels with all necessary fire fighting equipments and extinguishing agents.

He will immediately contact fire brigade station and mobilize the necessary help He will ensure immediate information to all mutual aid agencies for turnouts. After involvement of all the fire services, it will be duty of F&S co-ordinator to direct and

assist them with necessary information and other requirement to achieve the target. He will be fully responsible to mobilize all the activities related with fire and safety

equipments, materials and personnels. He will liaise with other co-ordinators and feed all informations to chief co-ordinator. To liaise with chief co-ordinator for replacing of fire fighting materials and shall arrange to

dispatch it to the site or scene of fire.

6.4.8 Emergency Communication

Whoever notices an emergency situation such as fire, growth of fire, spillage etc. would inform his immediate superior and Emergency Control Center. The person on duty in the Emergency Control Center (ECC) would appraise the Chief Co-ordinator. He would verify the situation from the Shift In-charge and takes a decision about an impending On Site Emergency. This would be communicated to all the Co-ordinators. Simultaneously, the emergency warning system would be activated on the instructions of the Chief Co-ordinator. Indication of an emergency on the mainline can come from different sources. These can be.

1) Notification from a worker 2) Evidence from station instruments about Conveyor operation. When any such notifications is received that there is a possible emergency on the Conveyor, the following persons shall take responsibility for the actions detailed; I] Station in-charge Stoping and inform other stations and Central Dispatch for the Conveyor shutdown. Inform station manager and other co-ordinators of a possible emergency. He shall attempt to provide as much relevant information as possible, including Probable

location, Probable dangers of product, and Initial indication of the likely cause and required repair equipment.

Organize all communications and arrange to remain in contact with the maintenance coordinator at site. Assist them in receiving/conveying messages and giving feedback.

III] Maintenance Co-ordinator Arrange for the mobilization of the emergency response team from the appropriate unit

office to repair damage. Ensure that any material used are recorded to replenish the stock of emergency material. Maintain the stock of emergency materials in accordance with Company Policy.


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6.4.9 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency

During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an emergency warning is raised, the workers, shall adopt safe and emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no such responsibility is assigned, he shall adopt a safe course to assembly point and await instructions. He shall not resort to spread panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency personnel towards objectives of DMP.

6.4.10 Emergency Facilities

6.4.10.1 Emergency Control Center (ECC)

Emergency Control Center would have external Telephone, Fax, Telex facility. All the Site Controller/Incident Controller Officers, Senior Personnel would be located here. Also, it would be at an elevated place. The following material should be maintained in the Emergency Control Center:

Intercom, telephone;

P and T telephone;

Safe contained breathing apparatus;

Fire suit/gas tight goggles/gloves/helmets;

Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indications;

Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories;

(internal, P and T) factory layout, site plan;

Emergency lamp/torch light/batteries;

Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, sources of safety equipment, work road plan, assembly points, rescue location vulnerable zones, escape routes;

Hazard chart;

Emergency shut-down procedures;

Nominal roll of employees;

List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency Co-ordinators;

Duties of key personnel;

Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, emergency Co-ordinator, essential employees; and

Important address and telephone numbers including Government agencies, neighboring industries and sources of help, outside experts, chemical fact sheets population details around the factory.

6.4.10.2 Assembly Point

Number of assembly depending upon the location would be identified wherein persons who are not directly connected with the disaster management would be assembled for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, minimum facilities like water etc. would be organized.

In view of the size of the units, different locations are ear marked as assembly points. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are to be used.

6.4.10.3 Fire Fighting Facilities

First Aid Fire Fighting equipment suitable for emergency shall be maintained in each section of the station. This would be as per statutory requirements as well as per Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) Regulations. However, fire hydrant line covering major areas would be laid. Fire alarms would be located in the appropriate areas.


Chapter- 6



6.4.10.4 Location of Wind Sock

On the top of the Administration block, wind socks would be installed to indicate direction of wind for emergency escape.

6.4.10.5 Emergency Medical Facilities

Stretchers, gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with chemical burns, fire burns etc. would be maintained in the medical center as well as in the emergency control room. Private medical practitioners help would be sought. Government hospital would be approached for emergency help.

Apart from local first aid facilities, external facilities would be augmented. Names of Medical Personnel, Medical facilities in the area would be prepared and updated. Necessary specific medicines for emergency treatment of Burns Patients, and for those affected by toxicity would be maintained. Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment would be provided and maintained. The help of nearby industrial management’s in this regard would taken on mutual support basis.

6.4.10.6 Ambulance

An ambulance with driver availability in all the shifts, emergency shift vehicle would be ensured and maintained to transport injured or affected persons. Number of persons would be trained in first aid so that, in every shift first aid personnel would be available.

6.4.11 Emergency Actions

6.4.11.1 Emergency Warning

Communication of emergency would be made familiar to the personnel inside the station and people outside. An emergency warning system would be established.

6.4.11.2 Evacuation of Personne

There could be more number of persons in the storage area and other areas in the vicinity. Operators have to take emergency shutdown procedure and escape. Time Office maintains a copy of deployment of employees in each shift, at ECC. If necessary, persons can be evacuated by rescue teams.

6.4.11.3 All Clear Signal

Also, at the end of an emergency, after discussing with Chief Co-ordinator and other Emergency Co-ordinators, the Crisis Co-ordinator orders an all clear signal. When it becomes essential, the Crisis Co-ordinator communicates to the District Emergency Authority, Police, Fire Service personnel regarding help required or development of the situation into an Off-Site Emergency.

6.4.12 General Information

6.412.1 Employee Information

During an emergency, employees would be warned by raising siren in specific pattern. Employees would be given training of escape routes, taking shelter, protecting from toxic effects. Employees would be provided with information related to fire hazards, antidotes and first aid measures. Those who would designated as key personnel and essential employees shall be given training to emergency response.


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6.412.2 Public Information and Warning

The disaster effects related to this Conveyor may mostly be confined to the storage area. The detailed risk analysis has indicated that the pool fire effects would not be felt outside.

6.4.13 Co-ordination with Local Authorities

Keeping in view of the nature of emergency, two levels of coordination are proposed. In the case of an On Site Emergency, resources within the organization would be mobilized and in the event of extreme emergency local authorities help shall be sought.

In the event of an emergency developing into an off site emergency, local authority and District emergency Authority (normally the Collector) would be appraised and under his supervision, the Off Site Disaster Management Plan would be exercised. For this purpose, the facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport, personnel, rescue accommodation, voluntary organizations etc. would be mustered. Necessary rehearsals and training in the form of mock drills shall be organized.

6.4.14 Mutual Aid

Mutual aid in the form of technical personnel, runners, helpers, special protective equipment, transport vehicles, communication facility etc. shall be sought from the neighboring industrial management’s.

6.4.15 Mock Drills

Emergency preparedness is an important on that of planning in Industrial Disaster Management. Personnel would be trained suitably and prepared mentally and physically in emergency response through carefully planned, simulated procedures. Similarly, the key personnel and essential personnel shall be trained in the operations.

6.4.16 Important Information

Once the Conveyor operation starts, important information such names and addresses of key personnel, essential employees, medical personnel, transporters address, address of those connected with Off Site Emergency such as Police, Local Authorities, Fire Services, District Emergency Authority shall be prepared and maintained.

The Disaster Management Plan Manual is required to maintain a record of police stations, hospitals and fire brigade stations in the area to seek assistance in dealing with emergency situations. The emergency team of IOCL should liaise with these agencies and with district officials and furnish them information on the possible hazards, extent of damage & actions to be taken by them during such emergencies.


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6.4.17 Emergency Preparedness Plan

The task of preparing the Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the district collector. However, the off-site plan shall be prepared with the help of the local district authorities. The proposed plan shall be based on the following guidelines.

6.5 Occupational Health and Safety review

Large Conveyors, where multifarious activities are involved during construction, erection, testing,

commissioning, operation and maintenance, the men, materials and machines are the basic inputs. Along with the boons, the industrialization generally bring several problems like occupational health and safety. The planning, therefore, has to properly done and take the steps to minimize the impacts of industrialization and to ensure appropriate occupational health, safety including fire plans. All these activities again may be classified under construction and erection, and operation and maintenance. Occupational health and safety issues should be considered as part of a comprehensive hazard or risk assessment, including, for example, a hazard identification study [HAZID], hazard and operability study [HAZOP], or other risk assessment studies. The results should be used for health and safety management planning, in the design of the facility and safe working systems, and in the preparation and communication of safe working procedures.

Level One - Local Site Emergency Response

An abnormal situation, which can be managed and contained within the

existing resources and authorities of the site, and for which external resources are (initially) not required.’

Level Two - Local Site with Business Unit Support Emergency Management

A situation for which the site resources require additional support from the

Business Unit level Emergency Management Team.

Level Three – Business unit with Corporate Support Crisis Management

A situation involve all or a substantial part of the business and have major

actual or potential longterm consequences and the site resources require

additional support from the overall Petroleum E&P Corporate Crisis organisation.’


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Facilities should be designed to eliminate or reduce the potential for injury or risk of accident and should take into account prevailing environmental conditions at the site location including the potential for extreme natural hazards such as earthquakes or hurricanes. Health and safety management planning should demonstrate that a systematic and structured approach to managing health and safety will be adopted and that controls are in place to reduce risks to as low as reasonably practical; that staff are adequately trained; and that equipment is maintained in a safe condition. The formation of a health and safety committee for the facility is recommended.

A formal Permit to Work (PTW) system should be developed for the facilities. The PTW will ensure that all potentially hazardous work is carried out safely and ensures effective authorization of designated work, effective communication of the work to be carried out including hazards involved, and safe isolation procedures to be followed before commencing work. A lockout /tagout procedure for equipment should be implemented to ensure all equipment is isolated from energy sources before servicing or removal. The facilities should be equipped, at a minimum, with specialized first aid providers (industrial pre-hospital care personnel) and the means to provide short-term remote patient care. Depending on the number of personnel present and complexity of the facility, provision of an on-site medical unit and medical professional should be considered. In specific cases, telemedicine facilities may be an alternative option. General facility design and operation measures to manage principal risks to occupational health and safety are provided in the General EHS Guidelines. General guidance specific to construction and decommissioning activities is also provided along with guidance on health and safety training, personal protective equipment and the management of physical, chemical, biological and radiological hazards common to all industries.

6.5.1 Occupational Health

Occupational health needs attention both during construction and erection and operation and maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above phases.

Construction and Erection

The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to constructional accident and noise.

To overcome these hazards, in addition to arrangements to reduce it within TLV's, personal protective equipment (PPE) shall also be supplied to workers.

Operation and Maintenance

The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase is due to noise hearing losses. Suitable personnel protective equipment shall be given to employees. The working personnel shall be given the following appropriate personnel protective equipment.

Industrial Safety Helmet;

Crash Helmets;

Face shield with replacement acrylic vision;

Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends;

Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue color glasses;

Welders equipment for eye and face protection;

Cylindrical type earplug;


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Ear muffs;

Leather apron;

Aluminized fiber glass fix proximity suit with hood and gloves;

Leather hand gloves;

Asbestos hand gloves;

Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves;

Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm;

Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves; and

Industrial safety shoes with steel toe. Full-fledged hospital facilities shall be made available round the clock for attending emergency arising out of accidents, if any. All working personnel shall be medically examined at least once in every year and at the end of his term of employment. This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination.

6.5.2 Safety Plan

Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency plan. The disaster in the Conveyor project is possible due to leakage of hazardous chemicals and fire/explosion etc.

Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance phases, the project authority shall formulate safety policy with the following regulations:

To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work;

To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design, construction, operation and maintenance machinery and equipment;

To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees;

To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing and to ensure their proper use;

To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety;

To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and upto date knowledge;

To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work;

To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters;

To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service;

To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident involving people injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective, remedial and preventive action;

To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees;

To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of employees;

To prepare separate safety rules for each types of occupation/processes involved in a project; and

To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations.


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6.5.3 Safety Organization

Construction and Erection Phase

A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed. The responsibilities of the safety officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advise on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure compliance of Safety Rules/ Statutory Provisions. In addition to employment of safety officer, every contractor, who employs more than 250 workers, shall also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of the worker, in accordance with the conditions of contract.

Operation and Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities shall be as defined thereof.

6.5.3.1 Safety Circle

In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of work. The circle would consist of 5-6 employees from that area. The circle normally shall meet for about an hour every week.

6.5.3.2 Safety Training

A full-fledged training center shall be set up. Safety training should be provided by the Safety Officers with the assistance of faculty members called from Corporate Center, Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, limited contractor labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness safety films shall be shown to workers and leaflets etc. Some precautions and remedial measures proposed to be adopted to prevent fires are:

Compartmentation of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable passages and crevices in all directions would help in localizing and identifying the area of occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire fighting operations;

Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for cable shafts;

Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries;

Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and regular fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting; and

Proper fire watching by all concerned would be ensured. 6.5.3.3 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan

The health of all employees shall be monitored once in two years for early detection of any ailment due to exposure to petcoke.

Socio-Economic Conditions Following impacts are anticipated on the socio economic and cultural environment:

Direct job creation for people during construction period

Indirect economic development due to market multiplier effect

Creation of infrastructure facilities


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Immigration of outside labour force

Development of squatter slums

Inducement of traffic congestion and road safety hazards Following mitigating measures are proposed:

Locals will be deployed during construction to the extent depending on their skills

Effective public relations strategy will be maintained and the locals will be allowed to use the developed infrastructure facility.

There will be regular interaction with the locals to solve their problems.

Measures to Improve Socio-Economic Conditions

For the benefit of the community in the vicinity of the project, IOCL project has been taking several measures to develop various amenities in an effort to improve standard of living.


Chapter-7

EMP – Administrative Aspects


7. EMP - ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS 7.1 Introduction

The Chapter-4 identified measures for environmental protection especially for providing the necessary pollution control to comply with the standards stipulating the limits for emitting pollutants in air, water or on land so that the assimilative capacity is not exceeded.

Environmental policy at industry level is yet to be defined formally. Standards are stipulated by various regulatory agencies to limit the emission of pollutants in air and water. Similarly, a mandatory practice is recommended for preparing an Environment Statement each year in order to encourage the industries to allow efficient use of resources in their production processes and reduce the quantities of wastes per unit of product. This in itself is not sufficient since this does not provide an assurance that its environmental performance not only meets, but will continue to meet, legislative and policy requirements.

7.2 Formation of an Environmental Management System

Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are suggested at the industry level for ensuring that the activities, products and services of the region conform to the carrying capacity (supportive and assimilative capacity) based issues. This is based on Bureau of Indian Standard Specification IS:13967: Environmental Management Systems - Specification. Since this is more in line with the quality systems, it is recommended that the proposed project develop one on as outlined in the following sub-sections.

The EMS - its set-up, role and responsibilities - is given subsequently.

The environmental management system to be formed by each industry will enable it to maximize its beneficial effects and minimize its adverse effects - with emphasis on prevention. It should:

identify and evaluate the environmental effects arising from the industry's existing/proposed activities, products and services to determine those of significance;

identify and evaluate the environmental effects arising from incidents, accidents and potential emergency situations;

identify the relevant legislative and regulatory requirements;

enable priorities to be identified and pertinent environmental objectives and targets to be set;

facilitate planning, control, monitoring, auditing and review activities to ensure that the policy is complied with; and

Allow periodic evaluation to suit changing circumstances so that it remains relevant.

7.2.1 Implementation of an Environmental Management System

7.2.1.1 Commitment

It is essential that the top management of the industry is committed to development of its activities in an environmentally sound manner and supports all efforts in achieving this objective. Experience has shown that all attempts to change the processes and production methods which reduce/prevent wastes and inefficient use of resources ultimately result not only in environmentally sound practices but also better business returns.


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7.2.1.2 Preparatory Environmental Review

An industry with no formal environmental management system should first establish its current position with regards to environment through a preparatory environmental review. This should cover four areas:

legislative and regulatory requirements;

evaluation and registration of significant parameters and their environmental impacts;

review of existing environmental management practices and procedures; and

assessment of feedback from investigation of previous environmental incidents and non-compliance with legislation, regulations or existing policies and procedures.

The resulting report should address:

the nature and extent of problems and deficiencies;

the priorities to be accorded to rectify them; and

An improvement programme designed to ensure that the personnel and material resources required are identified and made available.

7.2.1.3 Environmental Policy

The industry's management should actively initiate, develop and support the environmental policy, which is relevant to its activities, products and services and their environmental effects.

Broadly this should:

be consistent with the occupational health and safety policy and other industrial policies (such as quality policy);

indicate which of the industrial activities are covered by the environmental management system;

be communicated and implemented at all levels of the industry; and

Be available publicly.

The Environmental Policy of the promoters of the proposed project is given as under:

To achieve excellence in the area of environment management;

To keep in the view the various environmental requirements in all business decisions;

To continuously adopt ways and means for environmental protection and environmental improvement around its business units; and

To adopt sound Environmental Management Practices.

The administrative aspects have been pre-planned to achieve the environmental goals for the proposed project operations.

7.2.1.4 Organization and Personnel

To facilitate the implementation of the EMS, one of the most important aspects relate to the organization and personnel. The related issues are:

define and document the responsibility, authority and interrelations of key personnel involved in the implementation of the environmental policy, objectives and environmental management system;

identify the in-house verification requirements and procedures including resources and personnel;

appoint a Management Representative (MR);


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communicate to employees at all levels the importance of compliance with the environmental policy, their role and responsibilities in achieving compliance, the potential consequences of departures from the specified procedures, and identify and provide appropriate training; and

Establish and maintain procedures to ensure that contractors are made aware of the environmental management system requirements and provisions.

7.2.1.5 Environmental Effects The industry should establish and maintain procedures for:

receiving, documenting and responding to internal as well as external communications concerning environmental aspects and management;

identifying, examining and evaluating the environmental effects of its activities under normal and abnormal/emergency situations (including risk assessment) and compiling significant effects in a register; and

Recording all legislative, regulatory and other policy requirements and codes in a register.

7.2.1.6 Environmental Objectives and Targets

The objectives should be set with a view to realizing gradual and steady improvements in environmental performance through application of best available and economically viable technology.

The areas targeted for improvement should be those where improvements are most necessary to reduce risks (to environment and industry) and liabilities. These should be identified through cost-benefit analysis wherever practicable and should be quantitative and achievable.

7.2.1.7 Environmental Management Programme

The establishment of an environmental management programme is the key to compliance with the industry's environmental policy and achievement of the environmental objectives and targets. It should designate the responsibility for achieving the targets at each level and the means thereof. It should deal with the actions required for the consequences of the industry's past activities as well as address the life cycle of development of new products so as to effectively control adverse impacts.

7.2.1.8 Environmental Management Manual and Documentation

The documentation is intended to provide an adequate description of the environmental management system. The manual is expected to provide a reference to the implementation and maintenance of the system.

7.2.1.9 Operational Control

The management responsibilities should be defined to ensure that the control, verification, measurement and testing of environmental parameters within the industry are adequately co-ordinated and effectively performed.

The control, verification, measurement and testing should be made through documented procedures and work instructions defining the manner of conducting activities, the absence of which can lead to violation of the environment policy.


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In the event of non-compliance, procedures for investigation of the causative mechanism should be established and the factors reported for corrective actions.

7.2.1.10 Environmental Management Records

The industry should establish and maintain a system of records to demonstrate compliance with the environmental management systems and the extent of achievement of the environmental objectives and targets. In addition the other records (legislative, audit and review reports), management records should address the following:

details of failure in compliance and corrective action;

details of incidents and corrective action;

details of complaints and follow-up action;

appropriate contractor and supplier information;

inspection and maintenance reports;

product identification and composition data;

monitoring data; and

Environmental training records.

7.2.1.11 Environmental Management Audits

The management audits are to determine whether the activities are conforming to the environmental management systems and effective in implementing the environmental policy. They may be internal or external, but carried out impartially and effectively by a person properly trained for it. Broad knowledge of the environmental process and expertise in relevant disciplines is also required. Appropriate audit programmes and protocols should be established.

7.2.1.12 Environmental Statement

As a mandatory requirement under the Environment Protection Rules (1986) as amended through the Notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in April 1993, an Environmental Statement should be prepared annually. This should include the consumption of total resources (raw material and water per tonne of product), quantity and concentration of pollutants (air and water) discharged, quantity of hazardous and solid waste generation, pollution abatement measures, conservation of natural resources and cost of production vis-a-vis the investment on pollution abatement. This may be an internal or external audit, but carried out impartially and effectively by a person properly trained for it. Broad knowledge of the environmental process and expertise in relevant disciplines is also required.

The intention of this statement is:

to identify the process/production areas where resources can be used more efficiently through a comparison with the figures of a similar industry (thereby reducing the consumption per unit of product);

to determine the areas where waste generation can be minimized at source and through end of pipe treatment (thereby reducing the wastes generated and discharged per unit of product); and

To initiate a self correcting/improvement system through an internal analysis to achieve cost reduction through choice of superior technology and more efficient practices.

7.2.1.13 Environmental Management Reviews

The senior management should periodically review the Environmental Management System (EMS) to ensure its suitability and effectiveness. The need for possible changes in the environmental policy and objectives for continuous improvement should be ascertained and revisions made accordingly.


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EMS based on the above objectives should be formulated and implemented at the industry level.

7.3 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures

The mitigation measures suggested above should be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed project operations. In order to facilitate easy implementation mitigation measures are phased as per the priority implementation. The implementation schedule is given in Table-7.1.

TABLE 7-1: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Sr. No.

Recommendations Time Requirement (Months)

Implementation schedule

1 Air pollution control measures

Before commissioning of respective units

Immediate

2 Water pollution control measures

Before commissioning of the proposed project operations

Immediate

3 Noise control measures Along with the commissioning of the proposed project operations

Immediate

4 Ecological preservation and upgradation

Stage-wise implementation Immediate & Progressive

7.4 Institutional Arrangements for Pollution Control

7.4.1 Environment Monitoring Cell

The Environment Monitoring Cell is headed by a senior and well qualified Environmentalist duly supported by other environmental staff and technical workers. The job of the laboratory is to ensure the environment health and safety compliance by the proposed project operations coupled with the monitoring, analysis and reporting of environmental parameters to be furnished to various state and central government authorities as per statuary requirements. Present Environment Monitoring Cell, if any, will further be strengthened to cater the need of proposed project.

7.4.2 Committee for Monitoring of Pollution Compliances There shall be a committee formed from local community representatives (Experts in the fields of Environment and Safety) to monitor the compliances of all the pollution related issues of the proposed project operations. The constitution of committee may be as follows: 1. Project Head : Chairman 2. OPCB Representative : Member 3. Representative of local NGOs : Member 4. Local Municipal officials : Member 5. Sarpanchs representing villages : Member 7. Representative from Institutions : Member 8. Environmental Engineer from IOCL : Member


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This committee reviews all the environmental aspects of proposed project operation including summary of air, water effluent parameters, status of legal compliances, complaints received by local agencies, implementation of Environmental Management Systems under ISO safety achievements, etc. The committee meets once every year and gives its recommendations to the project operations for corrective measures, improvements etc.

7.5 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures

The capital cost of proposed project is approx. Rs. 238.5 crores. The budget for the proposed project is included in the total EMP Budget of the whole refinery project. It is proposed to invest at Refinery project includes pollution control, treatment and monitoring systems for proposed refinery expansion project. In addition to this, sufficient amount will be spent on greenbelt development in and around the proposed project operations.


Chapter- 8

Project Benefits


8. PROJECT BENEFITS

The implementation of proposed Pet-coke evacuation project has the following benefits:

The Conveyor, during project and continuous operation phase will generate direct and in-direct employment as there shall be requirement of unskilled and skilled workers in site activities, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would improve the economic status of the people in area.

The project would help in increasing skills levels of personnel through exposure to site activities and state of the art technology

The benefits of reduction in energy consumption due to closed conveyor mode of transportation of pet coke and reduced transportation losses and fugitive emissions.

Conveyor mode is the safest and reliable mode of transportation. Transit losses are the lowest.

Economic growth of nearby surrounding area

Improvement on standard of leaving

Additionally, following CSR activities had been undertaken in connection with Paradip Refinery and others may follow as per IOCL’s CSR policies:

Expenditure of 1.55 Crores in the current financial year in the nearby area of Paradip.

Contribution of Rs.1.00 crore to Revenshaw University. Cuttack

Adoption of Sun Temple, Konarak by the Querist for saving its heritage value

An expenditure of Rs.32.00 crores is to be incurred in near future

An expenditure of Rs.15.00 lakhs for revival of "Gotipua" dance form having gurukul at Raghurajpur.

Cyclone shelter has been constructed in the nearby village.

Community Centre has also been constructed in the nearby village.

For plantation of trees in Cuttack area, it is suggested that Rs.18.62 crores have been given to OFDCL. The funds can be utilized for plantation.

CSR activities, in and around Cuttack City, will be enhanced as per the corporate policy.


Chapter- 9

Disclosure of Consultants



9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED 9.1 Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited is a professional services company providing Environmental Consultancy, Environmental Engineering, Analytical and Quality testing, Water Resource studies, Technical Training and Enviro-legal services. Since inception in 1984, the company has completed number of projects spread all over India. The company has qualified and experienced staff of more than 100 people operating across seven offices in India. The Professionals and Technicians include Environmental Engineers, Environmental Scientists, Environmental Planners, Chemists, Mining Engineers, Geologists, Hydro-geologists, Economic and Social Science specialists etc. Bhagavathi Ana Labs Limited is an ISO 9001-2000 Company and is accredited by:

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India, New Delhi National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) as per

ISO/IEC 17025:2005 National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) registered Environmental

Consultants by Quality Council of India Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi

The firm has been engaged in the work of Environmental Impact Assessment studies, preparation of Environmental Management Plans (EMP) and Mining Plans for the last 15 years for the purpose of obtaining clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests.

Consultants Name & Address

M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited 8-2-248/5/A/42, Venkateswara Hills Colony

Road No. 3, Banjara Hills Hyderabad – 500 034.


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NABET CERTIFICATE


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NABL CERTIFICATE


Chapter- 9




MoEF CERTIFICATE

(A Bureau Veritas Group Company) 8 - 2 - 248/A/42...

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