A brief introduction to Quantum computer Alri. Moore's law the number of transistors in a dense...
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![Page 1: A brief introduction to Quantum computer Alri. Moore's law the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit has doubled approximately every two.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f265503460f94c3cf82/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A brief introduction to
Quantum computer
Alri
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Moore's law
the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit has doubled approximately every two years
——- Gordon E. Moore, the co-founder of Intel
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speed and computing capacity
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physical limits
atomic level
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quantum theory
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classical computer——>
quantum computer?
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Qubit
a linear superposition of basis states
both states at the same time
two-state quantum-mechanical system
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Quantum entanglement
system as a whole
one particle of an entangled pair "knows" what measurement has been performed on the other, and with what outcome
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Faster-than-light Quantum mechanics
not true communication
two observers in different locations see the same system simultaneously
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Energy and computing
Landauer's principle:
the erasure of n bits of information must always incur a cost of
n k T ln(2)
in thermodynamic entropy
erasure of information — necessary?
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Reversible computing
the relation of the mapping from states to their successors must be one-to-one
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Toffoli gate
CCNOT gate
"controlled-controlled-not" gate
any reversible circuit can be constructed from Toffoli gates
3-bit inputs and outputs : if the first two bits are set, it inverts the third bit, otherwise all bits stay the same
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Toffoli gate
The Toffoli gate is reversible (but the Toffoli' used above is not). This means that any computation did with it can be
undone. This is:(a,b,c)=Toffoli(Toffoli(a,b,c))
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Universality and Toffoli gate
Boolean functions :
OR, AND , NOT gates
NOR gates
NAND gates
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Toffoli gate
NAND(a,b)=Toffoli′(a,b,1)
NOT(x)=Toffoli′(1,1,x)
AND(a,b)=Toffoli′(a,b,0)
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basic quantum computers that can perform certain calculations
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D-Wave Systems
512-qubit
D-Wave Two quantum computer
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new era
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Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit#Bit_versus_qubit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement
http://www.technologyreview.com/view/422511/the-fantastical-promise-of-reversible-computing/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toffoli_gate
http://www.dwavesys.com/quantum-computing
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Thank you!