A Brief History of Graphic Design
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Transcript of A Brief History of Graphic Design
A BRIEFHISTORYOF GRAPHIC
DESIGN
A GUIDE TO GRAPHIC DESIGN BY SCOTT W. SANTORO CHAPTER 2:
FALL 2013 • GRAPHIC DESIGN 1• SARA GONZALEZ
GRAPHIC DESIGN IS SHAPED BY...
TECHNOLOGY
SOCIETY
CULTURE
POLITICS
C AV E PA I N T I N G S E G Y P I T A N H Y R O G L Y P H I C S / L A N G U A G E & L E T T E R F O R M S PA R C H M E N T
NEED FOR ADVERTISING / BRANDS
GUTENBURG PRESS
M O VA B L E T Y P E
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
M A N U A L L A B O R T O M A C H I N E M A N U F A C T U R I N G
A C C E L E R A T I O N O F T E C H O L O G Y
M O R E P R O D U C T S M A D E A N D D I S T R I B U T E D
INVENTION OF PAPER REPLACES PARCHMENT
B O O K S / B I B L E S / M O N K S / S C R I B E S / E D I T I N G
ABC
THOMAS NEWCOMEN INVENTION OF STEAM ENGINE
1769FREDRICH KOENING
STEAM POWERED PRINTING
1814
NICOLAS ROBERTSMAKES PAPER BY THE ROLL
1799
What did these inventions mean for the field of graphic design?
$REDUCED COST OF PRINTED PROMOTIONS
AVAILABLE TO MORE PEOPLE
GREATER DEMAND FOR DESIGN
JOSEPH NICEPHORE NIEPCE 1ST PERMANET PHOTOGRAPH
1826
8 HOUR DEVELOMPENT PROCESS
WILLIAN HENERY FOX TALBOT CALOTYPE/PHOTO NEGATIVE
1841
UNLIMITED NUMBER OF PRINTS COULD BE MADE
LOUI JAQUEZ DEGUERRE DAGUERREOTYPE
1839
ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENTPROCESS OF PHOTOGRAPHSFROM 8HRS TO 30 MIN.
DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY
THE
What did this mean for designers?
New communication tool
Did not have to rely only on illustration as the main visual elements
Newspapers & advertisers began to rely on photographs to sell their products.
Turn of the CenturyDehumanizing effect of Mechanizaation and Industry
SCREW Industry &Commercialization Go against “THE MAN”
Embrace HancraftedTHE GOTHIC REVIVAL[ ]
1880-1910
ARTS & CRAFTS MOVEMENT
“Art for Art’s Sake”-Victor Cousin
Recapturing the handcrafted art form.
1870-1914AESTHETICISM
A Search for Ideal Beauty
1890-1910ART NOUVEAU
Use of natural forms, high contrast shapes & patterns
ARTS & CRAFTS1880-1910
ART NOUVEAU1890-1910
FUTURISM1910-1918
SUPREMATISM1915-1934
DE STIJIL1917-1931
CONSTRUCTIVISM1919-1934
DADA1916-1923
BAUHAUS1919-1933
CUBISM 1907-1921
CUBISM 1907-1921
Figures broken up into semi-abstract forms..
Disregard of techniques of the past.
Did not imitate natural forms and shapes
CHARACTARISTICS:Visual arts, literature music and science were all influencing one another.
MIND SET:
Albert EinsteinPaul Cezanne Pablo Picasso Erik Satie
INFLUENCERS:
CHAO
S OF
WAR
SCIE
NCE
1 9 1 0 - 1 9 1 8
Grids, alignment, & typography were disregarded.
Letters were now expressive elements of design.
Emphasized the attributes of motion and speed fused with cubism abstraction.
CHARACTARISTICS:
ENER
GY, MOVEM
ENT S
PEED, &
NOISE
INFLUENCES:
http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/ba/43/1d/ba431dea553ace90e7cb0b150966c5ae.jpg
Focused on creating pure geometric abstraction & a metaphysical reality.
Reducing everything down to the basics.
Fractured and energized compositions.
CHARACTARISTICS:
The supremacy of pure feeling and creative art.
MINDSET: 1915-1934
F U T U R I SM
C U B I SMMALEVICH
KAZIMIR
I N F L U E N C E :
http://www.invisiblebooks.com/malevichsupremus58.1915.jpg
DADAMovement rejected
all traditions and set standards in art.
MINDSET:
1916-1923POLITICAL STATEMENTS • IRRATIONALITY • A
NARCHY • CHAOS
MINDSET:
Marcel D
uc hampt
INFLUEN
CES:
Chaos of W
or ld W
ar I
A Wor ld
Gone M
ad
DE STIJL
Straight linesRight anglesPrimary colorsStrategic use of spaceStructured LayoutTyoefaces - Deletion of curves
CHARACTARISTICS:Piet Mondrian International Style
INFLUENCES:
1917-1931
BAUHAUS
1919-1933
FunctionalismIntuition
UniversalityCosmopolitan
International Style Serve the masses
CHARACTARISTICS:
Expressionist TheoriesJohanness IttenJosef AlbersLyonel FeiningerPaul Klee Wassily KandinskeyTheo Doesburg El Lissitzky Moholy Nagy Herbert Bayer
INFLUENCES:
http://interdisciplinaryleeds.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/10-bauhaus-plakat-1923.jpg
Eliminate distinction between fine and applied arts & creating a union of arts, crafts and industry working for the greater good.
MINDSET:
Founder: Architect Walter Gropius
Art Deco
An embrace of technology.
MindSet:
Machine Inspired
Sleek lines
Bold Geometric Shapes
Decorative movement
Lavish Ornementation
Lack of any scientific inner philosophy
Characteristics:
1925http://rt.com/files/art-and-culture/news/metropolis-poster-fetches-auction-071/i1a6b4 e2e85dd9281327696d01c686287_metrosh.jpg
SWISSINTERNATIONAL
CleanlinessReadability ObjectivityAsymmetric layoutsUse of a gridSans-serif typefacesType Flush Left
CHARACTARISTICS:
1950’s
Formulated philosophy of universality refined by type and image.
MINDSET:
THE NEW YORK SCHOOL
Focuse on Advertising
Witty
Playful
Austere
Connects with the audience
Word and image association
Conceptual
CHARACTARISTICS:
Conceptually harmonizing text and image.
MINDSET:
1960’s
AdvertisingCopywritingPaul Rand & Bill BurnbachHelmut KroneGeorge Lois
INFLUENCES: