A brief guide: it is all about hydraulic systems

5
A BRIEF GUIDE: It Is All About Hydraulic Systems

description

Hydraulic is based on the Greek word for water. It is originally meant for the physical behaviour of water at rest & in motion. Currently, the meaning of it has been expanded to include the physical behaviour of all liquids, including hydraulic fluids. The hydraulic systems are not very new concept in aviation. When the aircraft has become more sophisticated, then the newer systems with hydraulic power were developed.

Transcript of A brief guide: it is all about hydraulic systems

Page 1: A brief guide: it is all about hydraulic systems

A BRIEF GUIDE: It Is All About 

Hydraulic Systems

Page 2: A brief guide: it is all about hydraulic systems

Hydraulic   is  based  on   the  Greek  word   for  water.   It   is   originally meant   for   the   physical   behaviour   of   water   at   rest   &   in   motion. Currently,   the   meaning   of   it   has   been   expanded   to   include   the physical   behaviour   of   all   liquids,   including   hydraulic   fluids.   The hydraulic systems are not very new concept in aviation. When the aircraft has become more sophisticated, then the newer systems with hydraulic power were developed.  

In aircraft, the hydraulic system provides a mean for the operations of   hydraulic   components,   including   flaps,   gear,   flight   control surfaces & brakes. This is largely accomplished with hydraulic power systems.  The  hydraulic   system varies  with   the   small  aircraft   that requires   fluid   for  manual  operation of   the  wheel  brakes   to   large transport aircraft in that the systems are large & complex. In order to achieve the essential reliability & redundancy. 

Further,   the   system   is   consisting   of   several   subsystems.   Every subsystem   has   a   power   generating   system   device,   including   an accumulator,   heat   exchanger,   filtering   system,   etc.   The   pressure varies from a couple hundred of pounds per square inch (psi). The forged components manufacturer  strictly   follows quality control and deliver the components. When it comes to the advantages of hydraulic system as power sources to operate various aircraft units, including ease of installation, minimal of maintenance requirements, simplification of inspection, etc. The operations are 100% efficient with a negligible loss due to fluid friction.

How Hydraulic Machine Works

The concept behind the working of the hydraulic machine is simple. It is the force applied at one point that is transmitted to other using an incompressible fluid. The force is multiplied in the process. 

Page 3: A brief guide: it is all about hydraulic systems

Hydraulic FluidLiquids   are   used   fundamentally   in   order   to   transmit   as   well   as distribute forces to so many units to be activated. The fluids are able to do this since they are almost incompressible. Pascal's law states that   –   the   pressure   applied   to   any   part   of   a   confined   liquid   is transmitted   with   undiminished   intensity.   Therefore,   one   of   the flanges manufacturers in India  of hydraulic usually specifies the type  of   liquid   that   is   best­suited  with   the   equipment   in   view of working conditions. 

• Viscosity• Chemical Stability• Flash Point• Fire Point

Types Of Hydraulic FluidsAssuring the proper system operation, and to avoid damage to non­metallic components of the hydraulic system. All you need to do is to use the correct fluid. While adding the fluid to a system, the fluid must be used. There are 3 principle categories of hydraulic fluids such as:

• Minerals• Phosphates Esters • Polyalphaolefins

The Basic Hydraulic SystemsEvery   hydraulic   system   has   a   minimum   number   of   basic components, regardless of its design & function. The basic system consists  of  a  directional  valve,   check  valve,   sector  valve,   filter  & actuator. 

1)Open Center Hydraulic System2)Closed Center Hydraulic System 

Page 4: A brief guide: it is all about hydraulic systems

Hydraulic System Components

Reservoir­ The main reason behind is that the hydraulic reservoir is to hold a volume of fluid & transfer the heat from the system. It allows slow contaminants  in order to settle down & facilitate the release of air as well as moisture from the air.

Pump­  It   transmits mechanical  energy  into hydraulic energy. It   is done by the movement of fluid in the transmission media. There are myriad types of hydraulic pumps, including pumps, gear, etc. These pumps   have   different   subtypes   that   are   intended   for   specific applications such as bent­axis piston pumps. 

Valves­ They are used in the system to start, stop & direct fluid flow. It   is   made   up   of   spools,   and   it   can   be   actuated   by   means   of hydraulic, manual, electrical means. 

Actuators­  This   is   the  end  result  of  Pascal's   law,   it   is  where   the hydraulic   energy   is   converted   into   mechanical   energy.   With hydraulic pumps, cylinders & motors have several different subtypes & each one intended for specific design applications.  

Hydraulic Components Myriad components are there, this is due to the cost of repair, that are considered key components. There are two key components i.e. 1) Valves and 2) Pumps. Several different configurations for pumps must be treated at an individual level. 

Vane Pump­ Numerous variations are there for vane pump that are available between forged components manufacturer. The rotor is coupled   to   the  drive   shafts   that   is   eccentric   or  offset.  Vanes   are inserted into the rotor slots. It delivers a steady flow at a high cost. It operates at a norm viscosity that ranges between 14 & 160 cSt at operating temperature.  

Page 5: A brief guide: it is all about hydraulic systems

Piston   Pump­  It   is   available   in   fixed   &   variable   displacement designs. It is usually the most versatile & a rugged pump type, also offer a wide range of options for any kind of system. It can operate at pressures beyond 6000 psi. They are highly efficient & produce relatively  a bit  noisy.  There are so many designs are available   in piston pumps that tend to resist wear better as compared to another kind of pipes. It generally operates at a normal fluid viscosity range 10 to 160 cSt. 

Gear Pump­  There are two kinds of gear pump i.e.   Internal and External. Each one has a variety of subtypes.Internal Gear Pump produces pressure range 3000 to 3500 psi. On the  other  hand,  an  external  gear  pump produces  pressure   range same as an internal gear pump 3000 to 3500 psi. This kind of pump is less costly, mid­volume & pressure & fixed displacement delivery. 

The hydraulic system embraces a ton of advantages, including power transmission. For instance, it has a simple design. In such cases, the complicated   mechanical   links   can   be   replaced   with   a   few   pre­engineered hydraulic components.  This sorts  of systems are more flexible,   smoother   &   quiet   while   in   operation.     Also,   they   are complicated one for transferring energy as well as converting that energy into useful work. The operation requires careful selection of hydraulic fluids, which meet the system demands.