A booster for Sustainable development Hubert de Chefdebien President of SNIDE, the French President...

A booster for Sustainable

development

Hubert de ChefdebienHubert de Chefdebien President of SNIDE, the French President of SNIDE, the French

association of waste treatment association of waste treatment plants Manufacturersplants Manufacturers

DirectorDirector

Vilnius, Lithuania, February 18, 2009

Energy-from-Waste

H. de Chefdebien Energy-from-Waste, Vilnius, Lithuania,18/2/2008 2

Summary

The right place of ‘E-f-W’ * Environmental benefits Protection of the environment Hundreds of European ‘E-f-W’ plants The saving of Energy Trends Proven technologies

* ‘E-f-W’ : Energy-from-Waste

Sometimes, ‘W-t-E’ : Waste-to-Energy

The rightThe rightplace of E-f-Wplace of E-f-W

3

Cergy E-f-W plant Cergy E-f-W plant and and composting facilities, composting facilities, North West to ParisNorth West to Paris


Household waste – Integrated waste management system


The Hierarchyof waste treatments

5 steps1. Prevention

2. Re-use

3. Recycling

4. Other Recoveries

5. Disposal IncinerationIncinerationR1 *R1 *

A Statement of the

WFD (Waste Framework

Directive, adopted 10/2008)

D10D10

* R1 : 1st item on the list of Recovery operations given in annex II to the WFD* D10 : 10th item on the list of Disposal operations given in annex I to the WFD


Summary

The right place of ‘E-f-W’ * Environmental benefits Protection of the environment Hundreds of European plants The Energy saving Trends Proven technologies



Environmental Environmental benefitsbenefits

7

Avignon E-f-W plant, France SouthAvignon E-f-W plant, France South


Sustainable Development

Two environmental PRINCIPLES and ONLY TWO :

NUISANCES REDUCTION RESOURCES SAVING

These are the ultimate referee Don’t confuse these principles with

Tools derived for achieving them such as

• Prevention• Recycling, …


Incineration Nuisances abatement

VOLUME SAVING

Volume REDUCTION

from 10 to 1 :

and even from 100 to 1 : 11

FlueFlue Gas Gas Cleaning Cleaning ResiduesResidues

100waste

10Bottom ashBottom ash

Historical

Historical

goalgoal


Incineration Nuisance abatement

SMELLING - DIRTINESS

Put an end to unpleasantness Abatement of

• Olfactory & nuisances

• Visual

Historical

Historical

goalgoal



BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS

Hygiene Destruction of

biological pollutants • Viruses• Microbes• Bacteria• Prions• …

A MAJORBENEFIT

Historical

Historical

goalgoal



CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS

Health and Environment Concentration and capturing of

chemical pollutants • Fine particles• Heavy Metals• Dioxins• …

No accumulation of pollution for No accumulation of pollution for future generations future generations

ModernModern

goal (80’s)

goal (80’s)



CLIMATE CHANGE Protection of the Planet

Reduction of thegreenhouse effect

IncinerationIncinerationIncinerationIncineration

ModernModern

goal (90’s)goal (90’s)


Incineration Material Recovery

Incineration after upstream recovery

Recovery of Materials downstream to incineration Ferrous (incineration : greatest source of scrap iron from waste)

Non ferrous (Al, Cu) Inert materials

Road construction …

ModernModern

goal (70-90’s)

goal (70-90’s)


Incineration Energy Recovery

Generation of energy

+ Economy of financial resources

+ Economy of the planet’s resources

+ Pollution avoided(greenhouse effect, SOx, …)

ModernModern

goal (70-90’s)

goal (70-90’s)


Summary




ProtectionProtectionof the of the

EnvironmentEnvironment

17

Porto W-t-E plant, PortugalPorto W-t-E plant, Portugal


Waste = Pollutants Maximum surveillance

stricter and stricter legislationstricter and stricter legislation

one of theone of thecleanest cleanest activities activities

Emissions : caloriesof such low toxicity

National Legislation

EC Directives 8-1989

National Legislation

EC Directive 12-2000


Emission Limit Values to air

for different industrial activities using solid fuels – European legislation

SUBSTANCES ACTIVITY & Regul

mg/Nm3,

except diox.in ng/Nm3

Ther. input(MW)

Dust TOC

CO HCl

HF SOx NOx Dioxins

Hg Cd Tl

Heavy

metalsWID-2000

WASTE INCINERATION &CO-INCINERAT.

at 11% O2 dry

Any

10 10

50

10

1 50 200 **

0.1 0.1

0.5

LCP (Large Combustion Plants)Directive 2001/80/EC,23/10/2001

at 6% O2 dry

New(>

27/11/03)

> 100 MW

30 - - - - 200 200 - - -

50-100

50 - - - - 850 400 - - -

Existi

ng(<

27/11/03

> 500 MW

50(100

)

- - - - 400 200(1200)

- - -

100-500

100 - - - - 2400

– 4xP

600 - - -

50-100

100 - - - - 2000 600 - - -

Medium Combustion Plants

20-50 MW

- - - - - - - - - -

Small Combustion Plants

< 20 MW

- - - - - - - - - -

Production of pulp, paper, cardboard

- - - - - - - - - -

General requirements for Installations subject to permit without specific regulation

- - - - - - - - - -


0

2

4

6

8

10

0

2

4

6

8

10

Particulates HCl0

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

0,05

Hg0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

Heavy metals

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

SO2

170

175

180

185

190

195

200

NO2Dioxines0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

HF

Legisl. Guaranteed values Measured values

Emissions << WID requirementsWID : Waste Incineration Directive

FGCexcept SNCR


Even the ‘Grün’German ministry

“Because of stringent regulations,waste incineration plants are no longersignificant in terms of emissions of dioxin, dust, and heavy metals. And this still applies even though

waste incineration capacity has almost doubled since 1985.”

In “ Waste Incineration — A Potential Danger ? Bidding Farewell to Dioxin Spouting”

ByGerman Federal Environment Ministry (BMU), July 2005

(http://www.bmu.de/english/waste_management/downloads/doc/35950.php)

Jürgen Trittin‘Grün’ Minister of BMU

since 1998

Jürgen Trittin


Summary




Hundreds of Hundreds of European European plantsplants

23

E-f-W plant, Control roomE-f-W plant, Control room


Incinerators&

incineratedwaste flow rates in EU

Plants Mt/a

2004 420 56.1

2006 425 63.5

+ 1.2% + 13.1%

CEWEP, the Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants.

Members include 330 Waste-to-Energy Plants from across Europe.

http://www.cewep.eu/data/studies/art145,138.html

United Kingdom

19; 3.315; 3.17

Norway

20; 0.8 21; 0.54

Sweden

30; 4.129; 3.18

Finland

1; 0.05Idem

Poland

1; 0.051; 0.04

Netherlands

11; 5.512; 5.36

Belgium

16; 2.5 18; 2.3

Denmark

29; 3.530; 3.4

Luxemburg

1; 0.12Idem

France

128; 12.3130; 12 Switzerland

29; 3.629; 3.14

Austria

8; 1.77; 1.4

Czech Rép.

3; 0.4Idem

Hungary

1; 0.41; 0.16

Italy

47; 4,548; 4Spain

10; 2.111; 1.78

Portugal

3; 1.13; 1.06

Slovakia.

2; 0.2

Germany

66; 17.461; 13.88

Highest increase

Nr 2006; XX Mt/aNr 2004; X Mt/a

Nr of plants; Million t/a in 2006Nr of plants; Million t/a in 2004

and 2006


Capacity of incinerators

Recently equipped countries chose large capacities

Densité des parcs d’installation et capacité moyenne des incinérateurs (Source : ISWA, 2004)

Source :

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Hongr

ie

Pays-

Bas

Autric

he

Allem

agne

Tchˇ

quie

Portu

gal

Grand

e Bre

tagn

e

Espag

ne

Suˇde

Belgiqu

e

Suisse

Danem

ark

Franc

eIta

lie

Finlan

d

Norv¸

ge

> 20 t/h6 et 20 t/h< 6 t/h

> 20 t/hr6 to 20 t/hr< 6 t/hr


Summary




EnergyEnergysavingssavings

27Nantes West E-f-W plant and sorting facilityNantes West E-f-W plant and sorting facility


Waste : Renewable EnergySource & ‘Unavoidable’

1 tonne of Waste

Gas oil : 200 l


District Heating (and cooling)

Network proximity ? Significant Base Load demand ? Low pressure steam

Network Heat exchangers, Lyon-South

Up to 1800 – 2000

kWhth/tOM

Lyon


Electricity only All production is used/exported Nearly always possible High steam pressures Overall Efficiency, typic. 15 to 25%

3 Turbine generator sets, Brussels

Air condensers, Toulon


CHP Combined Heat and Power

+

= High efficiencies Up to 73 % (in France)

Steam pipe and Turbine generator set, Nantes West


Quite a large network

3 Energy-from-Waste facilities

All 3 : CHP(Combined Heat & Power)

Paris District Heating network


70%

46 %

Average : 57 %

Paris Plants Energy recovery

Efficiencies in 2007

Rebuilt


Flue gas condensation

Widely applied in Scandinaviawhere heat at low

energy level can be used

Highestefficiencies : up to more 80 % if demand exists Malmö E-f-W plant


Quantity of waste incinerated per capita

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700[kg/år, capita

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Denm

ark

Switz

erla

nd

Holland

Swed

en

Norway

Germ

any

Austria

Portugal

Italy

Czech

Rep.

Spain

Hungary

Finla

nd

[kg/year, capita] year 2002

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700[kg/år, capita

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Denm

ark

Switz

erla

nd

Holland

Swed

en

Norway

Germ

any

Austria

Portugal

Italy

Czech

Rep.

Spain

Hungary

Finla

nd

[kg/year, capita] year 2002

Year 2002

0

1

2

3

4[MWh/ton]

0

1

2

3

4[MWh/tonne] Electricity

Heat

year 2002Year 2002

0

1

2

3

4[MWh/ton]

0

1

2

3

4[MWh/tonne] Electricity

Heat

year 2002

Amount of energy utilized from each tonne incinerated.

Pro

fu


Waste : a Sourceof renewable energy

Biomass from waste (biodegradable fraction)

= Source of renewable energy according to : EU : - directive 2001/77/CE on electricity from renewable sources

- directive in progress for heat France : ‘Loi de programme’ n° 2005-781 13/7/2005

Biomass = 50 % of the energy of waste (France and others) • France : Convention 2007 : DGEMP (Direction Générale de l’Energie et des Matières premières)

Révision : pourrait changer vers 2009

• (Caution : non fossil Carbon : 57 %)

http://www.enr.fr/PAGES/accueil/accueil.html

http://www.enr.fr/PAGES/accueil/accueil.html


Energy-from-waste in

Europe, 2004 Saved fuel

7.4 billion litre of oil (50 million barrels)Or 30.6 million tons of lignite (brown coal)

Saved CO2 eq

20 to 30 million t CO2

United Kingdom

15; 3.17

Number of plantsMillion tonnes/a

Norway

21; 0.54

Sweden

29; 3.18

Finland

1; 0.05

Poland

1; 0.04Germany

61; 13.88

Netherlands

12; 5.36Belgium

18; 2.3

Denmark

30; 3.4

Luxemburg

1; 0.12France

130; 12 Switzerland

29; 3.14

Austria

7; 1.4

Czech Rép.

3; 0.4

Hungary

1; 0.16

Italy

48; 4Spain

11; 1.78

Portugal

3; 1.06

Energy to recover 27 million MWh of electricity

supply for 28.8 million inhabitantsi.e. pop. of Belgium, Portugal and Austria

and 63 million MWh of heat supply for 8 million inhabitantsi.e. population of Denmark and Ireland

http://www.cewep.com/climateprotection/renew/art156,61.html

7.47.4 billion litre of oil billion litre of oil 20.220.2 million t CO million t CO22

30.330.3 million t CO million t CO2230.630.6 million tons of lignite million tons of lignite

5050 million tons of waste to W-t-E plants million tons of waste to W-t-E plants

Annual substitution of fossil fuels Annual substitution of fossil fuels


Déchets municipaux14,57%

Biogaz2,35%

Biomasse82,11%

Biocarburants0,24%

Solaire thermique0,02%

Geothermie0,71%

Waste contribution in EUHeat from renewable source

Source : IEA, ’Agence Internationale de l’Energie 2004

Heat from waste 1995 – 2004(50% considered renewable)

14.57 % of 14.57 % of Renewable heatRenewable heat

2.5 % of total heat consumption

Municipal waste 14.57 %Municipal waste 14.57 %

Biomass82.11 %

Biogas 2.35 %

Biofuel 0.24 %

Solar 0.02 %

Geothermal0.71 %


Summary




TrendsTrends

40Nice E-f-W plant, ‘Côte d’azur’ (French Riviera)Nice E-f-W plant, ‘Côte d’azur’ (French Riviera)


Incineration per capita : Long term growth

Markets with sustainable

growth 0

50

100

150

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Austria

0

50

100

150

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Germany

0

50

100

150

200

250

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Netherlands


Incineration per capita : . 10 years Growth

Markets with sustainable growth

0

100

200

300

400

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Denmark

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Norway

0

50

100

150

200

250

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Sweden


re-established growth

0

10

20

30

40

50

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

United kingdom

155

160

165

170

175

180

185

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

France

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Italy

Incineration per capita : Growth


Boom on Waste-to-Energy

The Netherlands 2004 2010 Waste-to-Energy : 5,73 8,1 Mt/y : + 41 % SRF Facilities : 0,7 2,7 Mt/y : + 397 %

Germany 2004 2010 Waste-to-Energy 14,8 18,2 Mt/y : + 3,5% per year SRF Facilities 0,7 6,1 Mt/y : + 54% per year (Solid

Recovered Fuels)

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Centrales thermiques (kt/an) Industrie (kt/an) Capacités prévues en centrales thermiques (kt/an) Capacités prévues dans l'industrie (kt/an)

Capacities of SRF treatment installed et planned In the Netherlands in 2004

Source : BIPE d’après enquêtes 2006

580

1580

3210

4650

57606130

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 etaprès

Installed Capacities (2)

Kt/an

(1) Including co-incinération in thermal power plants

(2) Mean evaluation7

14

26

3133

37

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 etaprès

Nombre

Number of installations (1) Evolution of EBS power plants‘Ersatzbrennstoff’


Boom on Waste-to-Energy Norway 2003 2016

0,95 1,9 Mt/y

Sweden 2003 2010

3,3 5,1 Mt/y

ISWA Beaconconf. Malmö 2005-10-20

Profu

Befintlig/ PlaneradByggstartad

< 50 000 ton/år50 000 –150 000 ton/år

> 150 000 ton/år

Befintlig/ PlaneradByggstartad

< 50 000 ton/år50 000 –150 000 ton/år

> 150 000 ton/år

Plans for new plants

Existing capacity

0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

1 600

1 800

2 000

2003-2006 2007-2016

Norway[kton/year]

Totally2016

Incineration plants in NorwayExisting plants and plans for new plants, year2003

Pro

fu

Existing plant

Planned new plant or increased capacity in existing plant


MSW incineratedper capita

EU-271995 200665 98 kg/capita

Source : Eurostat 2007, Released 26/2/2008

Net increase (except in Belgiumand Luxembourg)

Average : + 50 %

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&p_product_code=KS-DK-07-001


Energy from Waste (incinerated) EU-27 1995 2005

Source : Eurostat 2007 Released : 26/2/2008

EU-27 :EU-27 : + 80%+ 80%

5.454 5.454 Mtoe/yMtoe/y

9.828 Mtoe/y9.828 Mtoe/y

“In 2005 half of the energy produced in :

• France,• the Netherlands• and Germany.”


EU Energy policyObjectives 2010 / 2020

France Loi de programme

10 % renewable 5.9% in 2005 = 16,1 Mtep out of 275.3 Mtoe in total

+ 11 Mtoe

• 21 % electricity (from renew.) 13.8% in 2005 productible 11.,2 % reall

= 5.08 Mtoe

+ 4.4 Mtoe

• + 50% of heat (from renew.) 10.2 Mtoe renew in 2005

+ 5.1 Mtoe

Energy Intensity - 2%/y ( 2015) then - 2.5%/y

European Union

12% / 20%20% from renewable source

6.38% in 2005 = 112 Mtoe out of 1756 Mtoe in total

+ 99 Mtoe• 22.1 % electricity (from

renew.) 13.97 % in 2005

• In progress forHeat

Energy Efficiency - 20 %- 20 % up to 2020

Reduction CO2 : > - 20%> - 20%


Industrial Revolution

“The new energy and climate policy agreed in Europe implies nothing less than a new industrial revolution over the next 10 to 15 years.”

“It will require a substantial change in the way Europe deals with energy with the final aim of achieving a real low carbon economy.”

“Several policy areas - at the national as well at the

European level - will have to contribute and to be adapted in order to lead to this

ambitious objective.” ‘GREEN PAPER

on market-based instruments for environment and related policy purposes’Brussels, 28.3.2007, COM(2007) 140 final


Summary




Proven Proven TechnologiesTechnologies

51

Ivry W-t-E plant, 750,000 t/y.Ivry W-t-E plant, 750,000 t/y.Started 1969,still runningStarted 1969,still running

40 years later40 years later


Martin plantsin 26 countries all over the world

Number of plants Number of units Combustion capacity

(incl. Extensions) (tons / day)

187187 316 316 EuropeEurope 95 093 95 093

North AmericaNorth America 31 31 72 72 30 136 30 136

109109 252252 AsiaAsia 58 668 58 668

South AmericaSouth America 2 2 4 4 600 600

Total 329 644 184 498

Status: 09.01.2004


A few more references

Bourgoin-JallieuBourgoin-Jallieu


Monaco city (Monte Carlo) E-f-W plant in the middle of the city


Monaco city

The plant is downtown, besides Louis II stadium


London, SELCHP


Marchwood, UK

2 x 288 t/j2 x 288 t/j


Tokyo Minato (J) 3 x 300 t/j


Wien / Austria 2 x 360 t/d


Munich South

Questions?

61

Nantes E-f-W plant, Nantes E-f-W plant, Public visit tourPublic visit tour


Mobile : +33 (0)6 20 81 28 56. Office : +33 (0)1 44 31 11 49.

<[email protected]>

Further information ?

A booster for Sustainable development Hubert de Chefdebien President of SNIDE, the French President...

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