A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne1 Summary B factories and LHCb.
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Transcript of A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne1 Summary B factories and LHCb.
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 1
Summary
B factories and LHCb
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 2
CP & T violation only in K0 system ???
Since 1964, CP and or T violation was searched for in othersystems than K0, other particles decays, EDM...
No other signal until 2001...
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 3
production of(4s) (10.58GeV/c2) = 0.425(4s) B0 B0
B+ B
BaBar (SLAC) and Belle (KEK)
in 2001: observation of CP violation in the B mesonsystem, using "asymmetric collider" B factories.KEKB machine:
8 GeVelectrons
3.5GeV positron
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 4
KEKB24% Y(4s)76% continuum
year 2003: crossing the(psychological) luminositybarrier of 1034 cm-2s-1
1.5807 1034
on 18-May-2005
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 5
Pea
k lu
min
osit
y cm
s
Luminosity trend in the last
30 years
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 6
BaBar and Belle
Study of the time dependent asymmetry in decay rates ofB0 and anti-B0
m = mass difference of "mass eigenstates" ~ 0.49 1012 h/s
€
ACP(t) =N(B 0 → J /Ψ KS) − N(B0 → J /Ψ KS)
+(t) = S sin Δm t( )
CP violated S ≠ 0
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 7
CP measurements at B factories
Difficult: B0 mean life 1.54 10 s. Lorentz boost very small.B factories are asymmetric: the c.m. is moving.The two B decay at different position ~ on the z axis.We measure de difference z of the 2 vertices. r is small.
Δz cβγΔt ~ 200 m at Belle
(4s)
zz1 z2
z
J/Ks
e
Dr
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 8
CP measurements at B factories
(4s)
zz1 z2
z
J/Ks
fCP
B0 and anti-B0 oscillate coherently (QM entangled state).When the first decays, the other is known to be of the oppositeflavour use the other side to infer the flavour, B0 or anti-B0,of the fCP parent
e
D
€
e+ → B0
e− → B 0 ⎧ ⎨ ⎩
region of B0 & B0
coherentevolution
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 9
Belle experiment
Central Drift Chamber He/C2H5(Pt/Pt)2=(0.0019 Pt)2+(0.0030)2
CsI(Tl) 16X0
E/E ~ 1.8% @1GeV
Aerogel Cherenkov n=1.015~1.030
Si Vertex detector3 layers mid 2003now 4 layers Impact parameter resolution 55m for p=1GeV/c
TOF counter
SC solenoid 1.5T
8GeV e
3.5GeV e
Started in 1999~300 physicists from ~60 institutes in14 countries.
/ KL detection 14/15 layers of RPC+Fe : efficiency > 90%<2% fake at p > 1GeV/c
Particle ID : dE/dx in CDC dE/dx =6.9% TOF TOF = 95ps Aerogel Cerenkov ACC Efficiency = ~90%, Fake rate = ~6% 3.5GeV/c
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 10
Belle
ACC
Silicon Vertex Detector SVD Impact parameter resolution 55m for p=1GeV/c at normal incidenceCentral Drift Chamber CDC (Pt/Pt)2 = (0.0019 Pt)2 + (0.0030)2 K/ separation : dE/dx in CDC dE/dx =6.9% TOF TOF = 95ps Aerogel Cerenkov ACC Efficiency = ~90%, Fake rate = ~6% 3.5GeV/c, e : CsI crystals ECL E/E ~ 1.8% @ E=1GeV e : efficiency > 90% ~0.3% fake for p > 1GeV/cKL and : KLM (RPC) : efficiency > 90% <2% fake at p > 1GeV/c
~ 8 m
€
Ldt ≈∫ 400 fb
4 108 B pairs
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 11
spatial resolution for Blepton + Xz (lepton) ~ 100 m
Belle micro-vertex detector
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 12
Belle event
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 13
Particle ID in Belle
Particle ID uses information fromACC, TOF, dE/dx( CDC)
€
Prob to be a K{ } =L(K)
L(π) + L(K)
Barrel ACC
Endcap ACC
dE/dx
TOF
p (GeV/c)
cut
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 14
Experimental program: measure sides and anglesof the CKM matrix
* CP violated in the SM => the area of triangle 0* Any inconsistency could be a signal of the existence of phenomena not included in the SM
~Vub ~Vtd
~Vcb
€
Vud Vus Vub
Vcd Vcs Vcb
Vtd Vts Vtb
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟ ⎟ ⎟
Use B mesonsphenomenology
t quark
oscillations
CP asymmetries
b quark
decays
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 15
Analysis and results
•Continuum rejection•Kinematics at the Y(4s)
•The Unitary triangle: determination of Vub
" Vcb" Vtd" " "
•No time for other topics
~Vub ~Vtd
~Vcb
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 16
Continuum rejection24% Y(4s)76% continuumfrom event topology which
is ~spherical for BB, jet like for continuumand angular distributions
BB
Build Likelihood L for B and qq hypothesisusing event shape variables and cos B
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
€
LB
LB + L qq
cut
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 17
How to find a B meson?Kinematics variables at the Y(4S)
Mbc
5.2 5.24 5.28 GeV/c2
0
E0.2
0.2
GeV/c2
€
Mbc = (E beam* )2 −
r p B
* 2
€
E = EB* − E beam
*
Gather candidates Band calculate (pB,EB).Boost to c.m. (pB
*,EB*)
"beam constrained mass"
€
Ebeam* ≡
s
2
Example:B D0
with
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 18
Determination of Vcb
€
l −
W
b c
Vcb
World Average: |Vcb| (inclusive) (42.0 0.6 0.8) 10-3
|Vcb| (exclusive) (40.2 +2.1 ) 10-3
-1.8
€
Vcb = (40.2 ±1.9)10−3
D0
€
dΓ
dy=
GF
2
48π 3MD*
3 MB 0 − MD*( )
2g(y)Vcb
2F(y)2
g(y) known function of y
€
B 0 → D*+e−ν e
d
D*+B0
q
F(y) hadronic form factor
plus ~5% error on F(1)
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 19
Determination of Vub
€
l
W
b u
Vub
bc
bu
0 1 2 3 GeV/cLepton momentum
(in c.m.)
Exemple: use lepton momentum distributionfrom inclusive semileptonic decays
€
B → Xul ν
Less than 10% of thespectrum background free
hep-ex/0305037, with reconstruction
|Vub| (10-3) = 3.96 0.17(stat) 0.44(syst) 0.29(theo) 0.34(bc) 0.26(bu)
Average(inclusive) Vub=(4.12±0.13±0.60)10-3
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 20
Determination of Vtd
B0 B0
t
d
b
tW W
b
d
Vtd
0 3 6 9 ps
Probability1
B0
B0
Starting from a pure sampleof B0, for instance,a B0 component builds upin a time scale of a few ps:
€
P(B0)∝ e−t /τ 1+ cos Δmd t( )[ ]
P(B 0)∝ e−t /τ 1− cos Δmd t( )[ ]
measure oscillation frequency
€
Vtd ∝ Δmd
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 21
region of B0 & B0
coherentevolution
md with di-lepton events
* KEK-B boost <Δz> cβγ ~ 200 m
(4s)
zz1 z2
z
e+
* Tag B flavour from semileptonic B0 X l B0 X l
X
Y
* B0 and B0 oscillate coherently (QM entangled state).When the first decays, the other is known to be of the oppositeflavour.
t ~ z/c
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 22
md from di-lepton events .2
-12 -8 -4 0 GeV2
NMissing mass
Background: B+ X l B X l
Selection strategy of the "soft pion tag"B0 D* l Br3%
D0 Br70%
Event selection:- 1st lepton P*> 1.8 GeV- 1 pion of opposite sign P* < 1 GeV- 2nd lepton P*> 1.3 GeV- cut on M
2
(Frederic Ronga, PhD thesis, 2003)
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 23
md from di-lepton events .3
Get z distributionsfor "Same Sign"and "Opposite Sign"leptons couplesand fit for md...
OSSS
J/ l+ l toinfer resolution
-2 -1 0 1 2 z (mm)
SS
-2 -1 0 1 2 z (mm)
OS
0 1 2 z (mm)
€
Asymmetry(t) =OS −SS
OS + SS(t)
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 24
F. Ronga
average
md and Vtd HEP-PH/0206171
€
Vtd ∝ Δmd fB BB
Bagparameter
B decayconstant
|Vtd | ~ (8±2)10-3
~20% error !
{
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 25
UT sides
The UnitaryTriangle
inferred from its sides
and fromK0 data
Vub/Vcb
From K0
md & ms
10
Excluded area has <0.05 CL
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 26
from B0 J/ Ks
b
dB0
Vcb
cc
sKs
J/
d
B0
Vcbc
sKs
J/
Vtd
Vtb
VtdVtb
c
b
Interference between the 2 amplitudes gives a "time-dependent CPV"
€
AsymCP (t) =N(B 0 → J /Ψ KS ) − N(B0 → J /Ψ KS )
N(B 0 → J /Ψ KS ) + N(B0 → J /Ψ KS )(t)∝ SCP sin Δmd t( )
CKM phase 0 !
CKM phase = 0
sin2
}
SM:
B0
d
Golden ChannelGolden Channel
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 27
Any "direct" CP violation ?
b
dB0
Vcb
cc
sKs
J/
dB0
Vtb c
K
s
J/c
b
s
No "direct CPV" expected in SM in B J/ Ks, but who knows ?...
CKM phase = 0
CKM phase = 0
t
Vts
€
AsymCP (t) =N (B
0→ J / Ψ KS ) − N (B
0→ J / Ψ KS )
+(t)∝ ACP cos Δmd t( ) + SCP sin Δmd t( )
sin2
}
SM:
}
0
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 28
Time dependent asymmetry measurement
(4s)
zz1 z2
z
J/Ks
fCP
e
D
€
e+ → B0
e− → B 0 ⎧ ⎨ ⎩
region of B0 & B0
coherentevolution
€
ACP (t) =N (B
0→ J / Ψ KS ) − N (B
0→ J / Ψ KS )
N (B 0
→ J / Ψ KS ) + N (B0
→ J / Ψ KS
(t)
Need to "tag" the flavour: B0 or B0.B0 and B0 oscillate coherently (QM entangled state) use the other side to infer the flavour
t ~ z/c
ftag
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 29
b ccs reconstruction
140 fb1, 152M BB pairs
B 0 J/KL
b ccs (J/KL excluded)
5417 events are used in the fit.pB GeV/c
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 30
A large CP asymmetry has been observed!
World average (October 2005): SCP = 0.726 ± 0.037
J/KL
ACP~ 0, compatible with no direct CPV
SM: SCP = sin(2) => or 66.3°)
J/KL is OK
€
AsymCP (t) =N (B
0→ J / Ψ KS ) − N (B
0→ J / Ψ KS )
+(t)∝ ACP cos Δmd t( ) + SCP sin Δmd t( )
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 31
SM & KM model is verified !
= 23.7°± 2.1° = 66.3°± 2.1°
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 32
UT with sin2
The UnitaryTriangle
fit including sides,
K0 data,and
sin2
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 33
b sss, a B0 Ks puzzle ?
b to s transition is second order
(gluonic penguin).Prediction from SM: ~
same value of sin(2) as in ccs because no additional
phase from the loop.
VtsV
tb*
B0
b
d
s
s
d Ks
s
W
t
??????
B0
b
d
s
s
d
s
squark
unless new physics entersthe loop. For instance:
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 34
B0 Ks .2
6811 signals106 candidates in the fitpurity = 0.640.10efficiency = 27.3%
B 0 KS
5.2 5.4 5.28 GeV/c2
€
SφKs = −0.96 ± 0.50−0.11+0.09
€
AφKs = −0.15 ± 0.29 ± 0.07
BaBar
€
SφKs = +0.45 ± 0.43± 0.07
Beam-Energy Constrained Masssin2(ccs)
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 35
from BD0K D0 Ks +-
See A.Giri, Yu.Grossman, A.Soffer, J.Zupan hep-ph/0303187
u
uB+
bc
s
D0
Ks+
-
K+
u
B+
c
s
D0
Ks+
-
b u
K+
€
A1 ~ VcbVus* ~ Aλ3
€
A2 ~ VubVcs* ~ Aλ3 ρ + iη( ) ~ exp iγ{ }
D0 and D0 decay to same final state mixed state is produced:
€
˜ D 0 = D 0 + ae iθ D0
€
˜ D 0 = D 0 + ae i(δ +γ ) D0
Dalitz's analysis with variables and
€
m2(Ks,π +)
€
m2(Ks,π −)
a, , unknown
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 36
from BD0K D0 Ks +- .2
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
3
2
1
€
m2(Ks,π +)
€
m2(Ks,π −)D0 Ks +- as a sum of 2 body decays
Fit Dalitz plot witha, , as free parameters
a = 0.33±0.10±0.03±0.03 = 162° +20
-25 ±12°±24° = 95° +25
-20 ±13°±10°
90%CL: 61°< < 142° preliminary
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 37
Belle:very, verypreliminary
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 38
from B0
€
Asym t( ) = Aππ cos Δmd t( ) + Sππ sin Δmd t( )
0Bd
bW
d
uud
+
A = 0S = sin(2+2)= sin(2)
without penguin contributions:
Isospin analysis needed for the extraction of .Need to measure also B0 B+
d
b
W
tg
d
uu
d
0B
+
-
This is not the case: large"penguin pollution" expected(but intrinsically interesting..!)
Consider B0 first:
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 39
B0
Phys Rev
from ~231 : A = +0.58 0.15 0.07 S = 1.00 ± 0.21 ± 0.07
charmless 3-body B decay
K
continuum
syst. primarily frombackground fraction
BABAR:
A = 0.30 ± 0.25 ± 0.04
S = .02 ± 0.34 ± 0.05
A0
hep-ex/0401029
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 40
B0
Belle
BaBardirectCVP
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 41
First signal from B0
Mbc [GeV/c2]
using 152 M BB: Br(B0 ) = (1.7 ± 0.6 ± 0.2)10-6
B+
continuum
BABAR: Br(B0 ) = (2.1 ± 0.6 ± 0.3)10-6
Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 261801
(hep-ph/0306058 gives 74° < < 132°... )
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 42
Global fit of data from all sources
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Test of SM in quark sector:check the triangle !
Does SM give a coherent picture of CP violation ?
Unitary triangle can be build using its sides
or the angles.
Other information comes form CPV with Kaons and B.
All the information must be consistent (else new physics ? or measurement error ? or bad supporting theory ?)
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Test of SM in quark sector
Summer 2004
sin(2) = 0.726 ± 0.037 from J/K0
sin(2) = 0.734 ± 0.043 from sides
(68% and 95% CL contours)
from sides
Summer 2005
sin(2) = 0.687 ± 0.032 from J/K0
sin(2) = 0.793 ± 0.033 from sides 2.3
2005 test not sogood...
Compare unitarity triangle from CP-violating processes K CPV in K sector and sin(2) CPV in B sector
with unitarity triangle measured from the sides only i.e.from
CP-conserving processes
(|Vub| and md, ms)
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Test of SM in quark sector .2
Measure unitarity triangle only from the angles in B decays: sin(2) from B0 (cc)K0 interference of bc amplitude with B0_B0 mixing (or +) from B , , interference of bu amplitude with B0 _B0 mixing from B D(*)K interference of bc and bu amplitudes
Test passed.
Compare again with trianglefrom (CP conserving) side measurements
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sin(2) from bs penguin
Naive average of all bs modesdeviated from B(cc)K0 modesby 3.8 in 2003, now only 2.6
sin(2)eff=0.43±0.07to be comparedwith all charmoniumresult 0.726±0.036
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Other topics (a few hep-ex)
• sin(2) from J/ hep-ex/0308053
• from BD* hep-ex/0308048
Rare B decays:•B hh {, K, KK, } hep-ex/0307077, hep-ex/0306007
•BKhh {K } hep-ex/0307082
•B pph, p hep-ex/0302024
•BK(*), K(*) K(*)ll hep-ex/0308044
•B K hep-ex/0305068
•B cp Phys. Rev . Lett. 90 (2003) 121802
CPV results:
EPR & Bell test of QM: hep-ex/0310192
Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 262001New charmonium X(3871):
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down strange beauty up 0.1% 1% 5%charm 2% 2% 3% top 5% 5% 29%
CKM matrix 2007
* Vij)/Vij ~€
Vud Vus Vub
Vcd Vcs Vcb
Vtd Vts Vtb
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟ ⎟ ⎟
CDF + D0: 4 fb-1 eachBABAR + Belle: ~1000 fb-1
CLEO-C
(sin(2)) ≈ 0.03 from B0 J/ KS
* no precise measurement of other angles
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CKM triangle in 2007 (SM)
Picture will be already inconsistent ?
from m
from bc
from bu from B J/ Ks
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BEYOND 2007 QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Landscapecancelledproposed
under constr.running
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
BES II BES IIICLEO-ccharm factories
CLEO IIIBABAR
Belle Super-B
B factoriese+e–, √s = m(4S)
ATLASCMSLHCb
LHCpp, √s = 14 TeV We
are here
K experiments BNL E949
KOPIONA48/3CKM
KAMIKEK E391a
CDF IID0
BTeVTevatronpp, √s = 2 TeV
From O.SchneiderInternational WE Heraeus Summer School, Dresden
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Experiments in hadronic flavour physics
Physics Exp. Machine LaboratoryOperation
dates
B and charm
BABAR PEP-II, ee (4S) SLAC (USA) 1999–2008
Belle KEKB, ee (4S) KEK (Japan) 1999–2009
CDF IITevatron, pp √s = 2 TeV
Fermilab (USA)
2001–2009D0
charm CLEO-c CESR-c, ee (3770), …Cornell (USA)
2003–2008
K E391a 12 GeV PS KEK (Japan) 2004–2006
B
(and high pT)
ATLAS
LHC, pp √s = 14 TeV CERN 2007–CMS
B and charm LHCb
charm BES III BEPC II, ee (3770), … IHEP (China) 2007–B and charm
Super-Belle
Super-KEKB, ee (4S) KEK (Japan) 2011–
K NA48/3 SPS CERN 2009–
K (proposals expected end 2005) JPARC ?
Proposed
Coming soon
Running
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~Vub
from BXu+l
B0B0
B0
J Ks
W Wt
t
CP Asym ~ sin{ 2 }
t
d
b
tW W
b
d
~
~Vtd
SM view of the unitary triangle from m:
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~Vub
from BXu+l
new
B0B0
B0
J Ks
W Wt
t
CP Asym ~ sin{2(new)}
t
d
b
tW W
b
d
~
d
b
b
dNEWFCNC
Unchanged
rnew
NEW
Im
Re
~Vtd
SM + New FCNC from m:
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~Vub
from BXu+l
new
B0B0
B0
J Ks
W Wt
t
CP Asym ~ sin{2(new)}
t
d
b
tW W
b
d
~
d
b
b
dNEWFCNC
Unchanged
rnew
NEW
Im
Re
~Vtd
SM + New FCNC (bis) from m:
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A. Bay LPHE EPF Lausanne 56
and new physics from Bd D*n+, D*+n, etc.
Idem with Bs decays:Idem with Bs decays:
snew from CP in Bs J
snew from CP in Bs Ds
K, Ds
K
comparethe two determinations(then combinethem)
Bd D* n vs Bd D* n
Bd D* n vs Bd D* n
From 2( new) +
CP in BJ/ Ks ~ 2( + new)
need to trigger and select hadronic decay channels,
need to study the Bs system, have K/ separation, access to Br < 107….
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B physics at LHC(b)
• bb ~500 b, 1012 bb / year at L=21032 cm2s
• Bu (40%), Bd (40%), Bs (10%), Bc, and b-baryons (10%)• Many primary particles to determine b production vertex
bb / inelastic ~ 0.6% => triggering problem
Many particles not associated to b hadrons
No B0-B0 entangled states: mixing dilutes tagging
good things:
not so good:
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LHCb
Forward detector (1.9 4.9)~ 50% acceptance for bb pairs
3 2 1b [rad] 0 1 2 3
b [rad]
B shieldingremoved !
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LHCb
— RICH detectors for PID—vertex detectors inside beam vacuum
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VErtex LOcator (VELO)
21 stations, ~200k channels, analogue R/O (Beetle)r- and -measuring stations with Si “striplets”
IP= 14 + 35 /pT
From tracking: p/p = 0.35% – 0.55%
can observe 5 signal if ms < 68 ps1
ms = 25 ps1
BBss oscillation oscillation from Bs Ds
sample
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 [ps]
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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LHCbATLAS
0 20 40 60 80 GeV/c
ParticleID
€
B0 → π +π−
RICH1 RICH2
Aerogel& C4F10
CF4
prob ( K)
K efficiency
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Triggers
1 MHz
40 MHz
Detached vertex
+ IP of pT
candidate
Medium pT hadron,,e,
+ pileup veto
(12.4 MHz of inelastic interactions)
LHCb
40 kHz
L0
L1
B0 J/ KS Bs DsK+ B0
0.88 0.54 0.76 0.90 0.70 0.72
0.79 0.38 0.55
Efficiencies for signal eventsaccepted by offline selection
ln pT ln pT
ln
IP/
IP
ln
IP/
IP
L1L1Signal
Min.Bias
B0 Bs DsK+
Final statereconstruction
~2 kHz
HLT
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LHCb after 107 seconds
Parameter Channels N untagged
Bd+ 20k @P/T = 30°, |P/T|=0.200.02, =90° 2-5
Bd0 4k @ =50° 5
2+ Bd D* 200k @2+=0 12
BdJ/Ks 200k <0.6
-2 Bs DsK 5400 @ ms=20ps-1 14
Bd D(KK)K* 600 =55°-105° <8
Bs J/ 120k 0.6
Bd + / K+K- 20k/30k @=55°-105° <6 BdKs 0.8k <20 ? ms Bs Ds 80k s/b~3, up to 68 ps-1 (5)
A few penguins : Bs 1.2k Bd K+- 135k Bs K+K- 37k Bd K*0 35k
Bs 9.3k Bd K*0 4.4k(Using PDG branching ratios or SM predictions)
not possibleat B factory
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CKM triangle in 2007+107 s ?
from B J/ Ks
from md, ms
from bu
from LHCb
Re
Im
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Key contributions expected from charm factories
• Improve determination of from BDK tree processes:– Measure more precisely D0KS+– Dalitz plot
– Measure D meson strong phase differences appearing in ADS analyses of B+DK+
• Improve extraction of right side of UT from B oscillations measurements:– Measure decay constants fD+ and fDs
from purely leptonic decays:
– Compare with lattice QCD calculations: reduce uncertainty on theory predictions for fB0 and fBs (e.g. rely on LQCD only to predict ratio between B and D constants) reduce theory error in extraction of |Vtd|/|Vts| from md/ms
new,50 evts
new,201±3±17 MeV
€
Γ(D+ → l +ν) =GF
2
8πVcd
2fD+
2 ml2M
D+ 1−ml
2
MD+2
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
2
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Charm factories
• CLEO-c experiment (Cornell):– Taking data above charm threshold since 2003:
• e+e– (3770) D+D– or D0D0 (281 pb–1 so far)– Plan to go also above Ds threshold (s=4.1 GeV):
• e+e– (…) Ds+Ds
–, …
– May still spend one year on J/ or (2S)– End in 2008
• BES III experiment (Beijing):– BES II stopped in 2004
• 27.7 pb–1 recorded at (3770)– Old BEPC storage ring dismantled this summer to install a new double-
ring machine, BEPCII • design luminosity 1033 cm–2s–1 at (3770) (= 100 times BEPC)
– Major detector upgrade: BESII BESIII – Start of physics commissioning in 2007– Will run on J/, (2S), (3770), etc …