A 20 Year Retrospective · High nutrients and “other ideal ecological conditions” result in...
Transcript of A 20 Year Retrospective · High nutrients and “other ideal ecological conditions” result in...
EUSGS science for a changing world
Cyanotoxin Occurrence in the United States A 20 Year Retrospective
Photo
Cre
dit: B
. Ros
en, U
SGS
Photo
Cre
dit: J
. Gra
ham,
USG
S
Photo
Cre
dit: N
ASA
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey
Jennifer L. Graham U.S. Geological Survey
Great Plains and Midwest Harmful Algal Blooms Workshop February 4, 2020
EUSGS science for a changing world
First Reports of Cyanotoxins 1878 AUS
1882 MN
1939 CO
1943 MT
1944 IA
1946 ND
1956 TX
1964 NH
1976 WA
1977 OK
1981 IL
1985 WI
1987 MS
1990 IN
After Yoo et al., 1995
EUSGS science for a changing world
First Reports of Cyanotoxins 1878 AUS
1882 MN
1939 CO
1943 MT
1944 IA
1946 ND
1956 TX
1964 NH
1976 WA
1977 OK
1981 IL
1985 WI
1987 MS
1990 IN
After Yoo et al., 1995
EUSGS science for a changing world
Toxic Algae i11 Iowa Lakes '
By EARL T. l{osE
R eprinted from PROCEEDINGS OF THE lowA
A c AIJEM Y OF Sc1ENCE, \'olume 6 I.
Blue-Green Algae Control at Stonn Lake By EARL T . RosE
First Reports of Cyanotoxins 1878 AUS
1882 MN
1939 CO
1943 MT
1944 IA
1946 ND
1956 TX
1964 NH
1976 WA
1977 OK
1981 IL
1985 WI
1987 MS
1990 IN
After Yoo et al., 1995
1953
1954
Phot
o C
redi
t: S.
Pan
ken,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Mis
sour
i
EUSGS science for a changing world
Toxic Algae i11 Iowa Lakes '
By EARL T. l{osE
R eprinted from PROCEEDINGS OF THE lowA
A c AIJEM Y OF Sc1ENCE, \'olume 6 I.
Blue-Green Algae Control at Stonn Lake By EARL T . RosE
First Reports of Cyanotoxins 1878 AUS
1882 MN
1939 CO
1943 MT
1944 IA
1946 ND
1956 TX
1964 NH
1976 WA
1977 OK
1981 IL
1985 WI
1987 MS
1990 IN
1953
1954
Phot
o C
redi
t: S.
Pan
ken,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Mis
sour
i
After Yoo et al., 1995
Blooms are a nuisance issue that can sometimes be toxic
Usually, but not always, a summer phenomenon
High nutrients and “other ideal ecological conditions” result in blooms
Potential producers include: Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Coelosphaerium, Gloeotrichia, Microcystis, and Nodularia
Toxins are complex organic substances that are “almost impossible to determine”
By EARi
Reprinted from PR0
A c ADE M Y oF S
Blue-Green Algae By E Al
EUSGS science for a changing world
I.Are Harmful Algal Blooms Becoming the Greatest Inland Water Quality Threat to Public Health and Aquatic Ecosystems?
Bryan W. Brooks:y James M. Lazorchak,t Meredith D.A. Howard,§ Mari-Vaughn V. Johnson, Steve L Morton.# Dawn A.K. Perkins,tt Euan D. Reavie,H Geoffrey I. Scott.§§ Stephanie A. Smith. and Jeffery A Steevens## fDepartment of Environmental Science. Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research. Institute of Biomedical Studies. Baylor University, Waco. Texas. USA !Office of Research and Development US Environmental Protection Agency, Cinclmati. Ohio, USA Southern cahtomla Coastal Water Research Project Costa Mesa. califomia. USA Nat1Xal Resources Conservation Service. US Department of A9ricult1Xe. Temple. Texas. USA
RNat ional Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Char1eston. South carolina. USA tfWisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison. Wisconsin. USA UNatural Resources Research Institute. Center for Water and the Environment University of Minnesota-Duluth. Duluth. Minnesota. USA
Department of Environmental Health Science. Arnold School of Public Health. University of South carolina. Coh.mbla. South carolina. USA
Beagle Bioproducts. Coli.mbus. Ohio. USA IJ#US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Vicksburg. Mississippi, USA
First Reports of Cyanotoxins 1878 AUS
1882 MN
1939 CO
1943 MT
1944 IA
1946 ND
1956 TX
1964 NH
1976 WA
1977 OK
1981 IL
1985 WI
1987 MS
1990 IN
1953
After Yoo et al., 1995
Blooms are a nuisance issue that can sometimes be toxic
Usually, but not always, a summer phenomenon
High nutrients and “other ideal ecological conditions” result in blooms
Potential producers include: Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Coelosphaerium, Gleotrichia,
1954 Microcystis, and Nodularia Toxins are complex organic
substances that are “almost impossible to determine”
Planktothnx
EUSGS science for a changing world
Cyanotoxins are Diverse Hepatotoxins Neurotoxins Dermatoxins
CYL MC ANA SAX Anabaena/Dolichospermum X X X X X
Aphanizomenon X ? X X X
Microcystis X X
Oscillatoria/Planktothrix X X X X
Anabaena/Dolichospermum Aphanizomenon PlanktothrixMicrocystis
Photo Credit: A. St. Amand, PhycoTech
After Graham and others, 2008
EUSGS science for a changing world
- OZARK IIlGHLANDS (OH) OSAGE PLAINS (OP)
DISSECIBD TILL PLAINS (Dl)
WESIBRN LAKE (WL) PLAINS BORDER (PB)
CONCENTRATION/RISK • NOT DETECTED
Q LOW (<10 uwL)
Q MODERATE (10-20 uwL)
• IIlGH (> 20 uwL)
0
0
0 0 0
& 0
• 0
0 0
0
•
· ◊ 0 0 0
0 • 00
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
•
0
0 0
0
••
0
0 • •
0
• 0
•
Microcystins are Widespread and Common
78% of lakes had detections (n=359) Maximum concentration: 52 µg/L
After Graham and others 2004, 2006, and 2009
EUSGS science for a changing world
-]JOO - 120° - 110°
45°
35°
30°
ll:XPLANATION 250 . MicrOC)'Slih l Co.11centralio11 (.MC)
Non-detect ( 1RL < O. l O ~tg/L) e 0.10 ~1.gi'L~ MC < 10 ~1.grL (\VIJO Low) 0 10 11g/L '.5 1C < 20 µgit (WHO Moderate) e 20 µg/L < 1C < 2000 µg/L (WHO High)
- 100°
Microcystins are Widespread and Common
Loftin et al., 2016
"O .a
4 1
39
~ 37
35
33
8~8
6 ~ 6
4 e 4
2 ~ 2
0 l:JO
-123 -121
EUSGS science for a changing world
-119 -117
stins not detected . ' I
.L_ .
lr1 ,L
' ; 1 [ I . I \ I I
NEVA.DA ' ',r I( L I ' ' ,, I • I i 'i
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Long B
-119 -117 -115
,..
er
Ex planmion
c:::l Extent ot SESOA studv 1uea
- Urb~n ~•ua Piedmont
Mic.racvstiB, •n mic ru!ijram5 per Liter ill".'ll e nli id er tifier
I I I I
• <0.1
0
0
0
0.110 0.15
0.15 toO.3
0.30 to 1.0
I
l ',j
A
:ll"
01110
Cl) 1 P,t ..t.S
I'll ' )l l(llf'W[l'IJI'
Microcystins are Widespread and Common
Fetscher et al.. 2015 Loftin et al., 2016
EUSGS science for a changing world
Detectable Toxins/T&O Compounds - Microcystin - 100% of Lakes (n=23) - Geosmin - 83%
MIB -35% - Anatoxin-a - 30% D Saxitoxin - 17%
- Cylindrospermopsin - 9% - Nodularin - 9%
Other Cyanotoxins Occur Less Frequently
After Graham and others, 2010
EUSGS science for a changing world
Explanation
.. Study watershed
Synthetase gene detections
Microcystin lmcyE) ~ Saxitoxin (sxtAl Anatoxin lanaC) U Cylindrospermopsin jcyrA)
6 Not detected
Cyanotoxin detections
A Microcystin A Anatoxin and microcystin 6 Not detected
0 I 0
I I 250
250 I I
500 Miles I
500 Kilometers
Connecticut River
Delaware River
Advances in Analytical Approaches Allow Assessmentof Occurrence in Novel Ways
Graham et al., 2020
EUSGS science for a changing world
Jan eb r r y un l g p ct
Nov ec
u
Ma p AuM
a Se OJ DF A J Jan eb r r y un l g p ct
Nov ec
u
Ma p
Ma Au Se OJ DF A J
Cyanotoxins are Usually, But Not Always, a Summer Phenomenon Stratified Period
Tot
al M
icro
cyst
in (µ
g/L
)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 25
20
15
10
5
0
Forest
Bilby
Marceline
Harrison
2004
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Paho
Nodaway
Mozingo
Sterling
2004 After Graham et al., 2006
EUSGS science for a changing world
Forest
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Marceline
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
May Ju
n Ju
l Aug
0
5
10
15
20
25
Harrison
Tot
al M
icro
cyst
in (µ
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
eb r r y un l g p ctNov
ec
uM
a pM
a Au Se OJ DF A J
Cyanotoxins are Usually, But Not Always, a Summer Phenomenon Stratified Period
Paho
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Nodaway
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Mozingo
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Sterling
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
Bilby
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Sep OctNov Dec
g/L
)
Jan
Phot
o C
redi
t: R
. Zur
awel
l,Alb
erta
Env
ironm
ent a
nd P
arks
Phot
o C
redi
t: R
. Zur
awel
l,Alb
erta
Env
ironm
ent a
nd P
arks
2004 2004 After Graham et al., 2006
Sep
g/L
) continues to curb water issues as Mozingo
Lake raises concern for cyanotoxins Kendrick Calfee I Community News Editor I @KoalaCalfee Jan 23, 2020 - O
EUSGS science for a changing world
Forest
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Paho1.5
2.00.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Marceline
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
May Ju
n Ju
l Aug
0
5
10
15
20
25
Harrison
Tot
al M
icro
cyst
in (µ
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
ctNov
ec
Jan eb r r y un l g p ct
Nov ec
u
Ma p
Ma Au SeO OJD DF A J
Cyanotoxins are Usually, But Not Always, a Summer Phenomenon
2.0
Bilby
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Stratified Period
0.0
0.5
1.0
Nodaway 2.0
Mozingo
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Sterling
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Phot
o C
redi
t: R
. Zur
awel
l,Alb
erta
Env
ironm
ent a
nd P
arks
Phot
o C
redi
t: R
. Zur
awel
l,Alb
erta
Env
ironm
ent a
nd P
arks
2004 2004 After Graham and others, 2006
• ...
1~ .. •· • •· • • • •
• • It • • I I I ., • •
J ..
.... .. .. .. ..
EUSGS science for a changing world
Cyanotoxins May Be Transported for Long Distances Downstream of Source Areas
SEPTEMBER 8, 2011
TO
TA
L M
ICR
OC
YST
IN (
g/L
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
TRIBUTARY CONCENTRATION MAIN-STEM CONCENTRATON ESTIMATED CONCENTRATION
WA
KA
RU
SA
DEL
AW
AR
E
BIG
BLU
E
REP
UBL
ICA
N
SMO
KY
HIL
L
ANALYTICAL DETECTION THRESHOLD
WHO PROVISIONAL DRINKING-WATER GUIDELINE
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 DISTANCE UPSTREAM FROM CONFLUENCE WITH MISSOURI RIVER, IN MILES
Graham et al., 2012
• ...
1~ .. •· • •· • • • •
• • I I I
.41. .j ..
EUSGS science for a changing world
It • • I~ • • . a.
.41.
OPEN 0 ACCESS Frffly avali..ble online -~ PLos one
Evidence for a Novel Marine Harmful Algal Bloom: Cyanotoxin (Microcystin) Transfer from Land to Sea Otters Melissa A. Miller1
•2
• , Raphael M. Kudela2, Abdu Mekebri3
, Dave Crane3, Stori C. Oates 1 , M. Timothy
Tinker4, Michelle Staed ler5, Woutrina A. Miller6
, Sharon Toy-Choutka 1, Cla re Domlnik7, Dane Hard in 7 ,
Gregg Langlois8, Michael Murray5
, Kim Ward9, David A. Jessup 1
1 Marine Widli:fe Veterll\ilty Care~ Resea,ch Center. California Qes:,anment of Fish and Game. Office of Spill Prevention and Response, Santa Cruz. Califo,nli., United State of America. 2 Ocean Sciences Depart
Califomi,1 Oepar1ment of Fish and ~me.
Centet', United States Geological Survey, l
Stales of Americ~ 6 0epanment of Pa1
of Americ.il, 7 Applied M¥ine Sciences, Liv
Ame,iu1. 9 Division of Water ~hty. Stilite
TO
TA
L M
ICR
OC
YST
IN (
g/L
) Cyanotoxins May Be Transported for Long Distances
Downstream of Source Areas
SEPTEMBER 8, 2011 6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TRIBUTARY CONCENTRATION MAIN-STEM CONCENTRATON ESTIMATED CONCENTRATION
WA
KA
RU
SA
DEL
AW
AR
E
BIG
BLU
E
REP
UBL
ICA
N
SMO
KY
HIL
L
ANALYTICAL DETECTION THRESHOLD
WHO PROVISIONAL DRINKING-WATER GUIDELINE
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 DISTANCE UPSTREAM FROM CONFLUENCE WITH MISSOURI RIVER, IN MILES
Graham et al., 2012
Phot
o C
redi
t: G
etty
Imag
es
EUSGS science for a changing world
Sou th Pacific Ocean
North . Atlantic Ocean
South Atlantic Ocean
e MC detected from CyanoHABs in coastal/estuarine waters
CyanoHABs in coastal/estuarine waters
.A. MC detected from freshwater discharge
. ~ . ~
Cyanotoxins May Occur in Coastal and Estuarine Environments
Preece et al., 2017
■ Cou.tD .... i1k..r .. Fw u.1 A.1Ul'.1151 rb Hill E,-...,,:n
Reeking, Oozing Algae Closes South Florida B
lrl.UI\ IM.lJ .AULBl.11
Blue-green toxic algae invades Florida river
,,,,_..,,, , ... .._ 0 0 0 000 "°'•••m
'Toledo's tap water undrinkable for a second day; test results delayed
mm oooeo
Toxic algae blooms becoming more common across US Ely As.stlci.1ff'd Pit-$ .lul k' i J , 20 18 I 4' 07p,n
As Cl imate Warms, A lgae Blooms In Dr inking Water Supp lies 5~,:,':. MD!t 1, • '- J: L. _:)'"""'I~ l i.-..t ll ,'.I 1•~~ (.-:i•~i,:_l•!o+(I
Toxic algae bloom found in Ohio River
• k t:if C.,CTIQ>I
•::. ,h,-M 8 i?:t U:!1 1.ho!- C l.t r:r , :,te,J: ~!I!' 111!<~ m1 r . , ~ Ott 2:t:U.. l , !Tl t t all tJ,: ~,ru ·ol Cu ti~ Cli.:• - I 11u M
.,_. Tm ic alr,:1e have reached rhe Ohio River. A bloom of microc:ysti~, :1 hlue-15-1'<'~11 <1J~.i.e i.;a pa Lile or IJl'Odunclg live, and 11er,-.. 1 oxi11s llta t ..-a 11 sich c1 ;,t~pl~ um! bU pl'ts, hu.~ formed m tht· Ohio RiH-r nc·:.u- Bdmont County
Is Cyanotoxin Occurrence Increasing?
Slide Courtesy of T. Thorpe, University of Missouri
flUSGS science for a changing world
T Decreasing (P < 0.1)
0 Decreasing (P > 0.1
• Increasing (P < 0.1)
0 Increasing p > 0.1
Since the 1980’s, Peak Summertime Bloom Intensity Has Increased in Some Lakes
Ho et al., 2019
~USGS ~ for a changing world science
.. M-K trend ~ coefficient
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.20
-0.40
-0.60
Cyanobacterial Abundance Has Also Increased
Taranu et al., 2015
Toxins 2015, 7, 353-366; doi: 10.3390/toxins7020353 OPEN ACCESS
• toxins ISSN 2072-6651
wWvv.mdpi.com/joum al/toxins
Article
Human Illnesses and Animal Deaths Associated with Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms-Kansas
Ingrid Trevino-Garrison 1,t,* , Jamie DeMent 2,t, Farah S. Ahmed 1, Patricia Haines-Lieber 1, Thomas Langer 1, Henri Menage1· 1, Janet Neff 1,
Deon van der Merwe 3,t and Edward Carney 1,t
EUSGS science for a changing world
Cyanobacterial Abundance Has Also Increased
Time Period Median Number of Health Alerts*
1989-1995 13
1996-2002 18
2003-2009 25
After Trevino-Garrison et al., 2015
*Based on 2010 Kansas Department of Health Public Health Alert Criteria (advisory ≥ 20,000 cells/mL; warning ≥ 100,000 cells/mL
lak mill Rr .l'en·oir Mwll1gemr11l. 25:253-263. 2009 0 Copyright by lhC Nunh Amcril';.111 Ul~l' M:m~g~ml'nt Socie1y 2009 ISSN: 07H-8141 prim 1 1040-23~ 1 onllnc DOI: 10.1080/07438 140903143239
Microcystin in Missouri reservoirs
Jennifer L. Graham• and John R. Jones Depm1ment o f Fisheries and Wildl ife Sciences. Universi ty of Mi ·sour i . 302 Anheuser-Bu ·ch
Natural Resources Bui lding, Columbia, M O, 652 11 -7420, USA
Table 4.-Annual means, medians, and maxima of total microcystin values. Summary statistics are based on samples collected during each year.
Total microcystin (,.1.g/L)
Year Reservoir n % Detection n % Detection Mean Median Maximum
2004 76 42 514 23 0.34 <0.1 21 2005 95 52 380 26 0.25 <0.1 II
2006 127 46 508 20 0.16 <0.1 4.9
u1c: Rc~r,·uir n imJic:.uc~ the number uf rcM:rvuirs ~mplcd c:.1ch year. n indicat~ lhc number o f ~ampl~ cullcc1cd during each year.
EUSGS science for a changing world
Percentage of Monitoring Sites with Measurable toxins
Toxin 2017
Cylindrospermopsin
Microcystin
Results from reservoir sites sampled both seasons
n=99
16%
83%
2018 n=99
41%
61%
Has Cyanotoxin Occurrence and Concentration Increased?
Courtesy of T. Thorpe, University of Missouri
Cylindrospermopsin 36 reservoirs, 1 sample each % Detection: 14 Maximum: <1 µg/L
~-G_ro_u _ . . ' .. .. . . . . .. ' "':' .
. . • .- r.
·-~•.;...c.:,___ •. • • .. ·· ....
EUSGS science for a changing world
What Causes Cyanobacterial Blooms?
Graham et al., 2016
1000 ...-------------------..----, LOG CHL g_ : -1.09 + 1.46 LOG TOT AL P
r : 0 .95
80 100
r<')
~
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cl 10
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20 Mi
M
20 40 60 80 100
10 100 1000 Mean epilimnetic TN:TP ratio MEASURED TOT AL PHOSPHORUS MG/ M3
■USGS science for a changing world
Nutrients Play a Key Role
Smith, 1983 Jones and Bachmann, 1976
EUSGS science for a changing world
-V, V, V, V, C'O C'O EE o.~ :c .c C'O C'O
·.::: 0 ~-(.) -cu 0
.C C 0 0 C·-C'O ->-0 (.)~ ..... -
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I • • I - - ·• - -I 20% - - - -
I - - - -0% - - _I_
60 40 20 0 10 100 1000 Total N:total P (mass units) Total phosphorus (µg •L·1)
100% (-d-) - r - - - T • - {e-)- - - 1- - - -J -- - - r .--- - .- - r - - - 1
80% --- r-, - - r - - - 1 ---, ---- - -r e--- --1 60% - - - - - I- - - , 1
- --=I== ~ - l e
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I I 20% - - -
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100 1000 10000 1 10 100 Phytoplankton biomass (µg•L·1
) Chlorophyll a (µg•L·1 )
{c-)- - -t - i - - - 1.0 :::0
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--·- -m ::::,
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- - .-- 0.2 (') -- - - - (D .... 0.0 I»
100 1000 10000 Total nitrogen (µg•L-1)
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:::::s I» Trend in I» ::::, 0.4 :::::s 0 Cyanobacteria (') C"
(D I» 0.2 (') -(D
Risk of >50% .... 0.0 m Cyanobacte ria
Nutrients Play a Key Role
Downing et. al, 2001
MC (µg/L)
0 <0.1 0 0.1 - 0.3 0 -- 0.3 -1
1 - .2.S. 2.5 - 5
• 5- 50 • 50 - 230
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T""'
a.. I- •
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EUSGS 100
science far a changing world
•
• •
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\
1000 TN (~19/L)
'
• • • • • • • • . ......
• • •
•• • •
l'v (,n
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0 (;)
\
10000
Relations Between Cyanotoxins and EnvironmentalVariables are Similar to Those Observed for Cyanobacteria
Yuan and Pollard, 2017
.5000 r2:::.0.84 •
4000 ~
~ C
.3000 C
--= ~ f;i'J.
2000 .:: ti
::i 1000
(a)
EUSGS (C) Tofal itroge:n (µg/L,
science for a changing world
5000
3000 \ • •
2000 j 1
1000 j I • I
0 .' ............ ' . , 0 2
( b)
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9.0.,+ il · ·• 7.0c+ l 1
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(d)
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Soc,chi (m)
..... ~ - ,---, ---.---.----, 2 3 4 5 6
Relations Between Cyanotoxins and EnvironmentalVariables are Similar to Those Observed for Cyanobacteria
Graham et al., 2004
EUSGS science for a changing world
• ... ■
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
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14/
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09/
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09/
10/
10/
10/
Cyanotoxin Occurrence is Not Necessarily Tightly Coupled to Cyanobacterial Abundance or Community Composition
Harsha Lake, OH
10 100
0
Cya
noba
cter
ial A
bund
ance
(cel
ls p
er m
illili
ter)
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Rel
ativ
e A
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ance
(per
cent
)
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0.01
Cya
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Con
cent
ratio
n (
g/L
)
80
60
40
20
Anabaena Microcystis Planktolyngbya Planktothrix Pseudanabaena Other Cyanobacterial Abundance Microcystin Saxitoxin
Francy et al., 2015
EUSGS science for a changing world
Individual Lakes Are Unique
Reservoir Strongest Correlate rs p-value n Bilby Conductance -0.86 <0.01 48
Forest Chlorophyll > 35 µm 0.67 <0.01
Harrison Total Nitrogen 0.78 <0.01
Marceline Dissolved Organic Carbon 0.66 <0.01
Mozingo Magnesium -0.84 <0.01
Nodaway Nitrate -0.46 <0.01
Paho Ceriodaphnia abundance 0.81 <0.01
Sterling Sodium 0.60 0.03 13
49
49
49
13
49
28
Marine PollutJoo Bulletin 124 (2017) 591-o06
Contents I ists available at Sci ' nceOircct
Marine Pollution Bulletin
ELSEVIER journal homepage: www.elsev,er.com/locate/marpolbul
Eutrophication, harmful algae and biodiversity - Challenging paradigms in a world of complex nutrient changes
CrossMark
te/ hal Patricia M. Glibert
Uniw:rstty of Maryland Ctnur for E.m'ironmmllll Scitnct, Hom Point l.aborou,,y, PO Box 6775, Cambridge. MD 21613, USA
EUSGS science for a changing world
Blurred lines: Multiple freshwater and marine algal toxins at the land-sea interface of San Francisco Bay, California
Me lissa B. Peacock'1·b.c.•. Corinne M. Gibbleb.d. David B. Sennd. James E. Cloem c, Raphae l M. Kude lab J HonJrw,,sJ lndlDII Collegr, 2522 Kwu,a /Id, B,,lfuw,am. WA. 98226. USA "Ornm Samas~~ 1156 Hw, Sum. unn.,,rs,'ry o{Califom,a, Santa Cna. CA 95064. USA 'San f,unosn, l::stuary lnslituu, 4911 Cmuul llfflW<', IOdunond. CA 94804. USA
" °"1forrua Drpartmffll a{l-lsh and Wlldb/r. Of/icr ofSp1U f\"nornuon and "'5ponSr. Mannt Wlldbf<' \ltttn11a,y CaR and -rch unto; 15 1 MclJ/1sttr Way, SanLa Cnu, CA 95060. USA r Uralffl SI~ CffiOf(X'III Sul'W)' MS496. 345 M~ ld /Id, Mffl/o f'mt. CA 9402S. USA
Review
Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems
Andrew W. Griffitha·h, Christopher J. Goblera·
• Sdlool of - - IIDll<lljllla,c ~ SIDny Btoo/c uru..,...,,, ~ NY, I 19118, Utuu,d Sias • °""'""""' o( ~ St-....-,s. U,,,_.,,., a( Saudtnn ('.ahfonua. IA<""""" Ci\ ll0089. U,w,d Siam
Paradigms Are Changing
a)
--- 1.2
~ 1.0 oI)
a 0.8 ._, i::: <l) 0.6 oI) 0 l-, ......
0.4
·- 0.2 = -ro 0.0 ...... 0 ...... -0.2 oI) 0
-0.4 -(b)
--- 1.2
~ 1.0 oI)
a 0.8 ._, i::: 0.6 <l) oI) 0 0.4 l-, ...... ·- 0.2 = -ro 0.0 ...... 0 ......
-0.2 oI) 0
-0.4 -EUSGS science for a changing world
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
log total phosphorus (µg L-1)
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.1
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
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>--. ..c: 0. 0 ,.__ 0
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Relationship of chlorophyll to phosphorus and nitrogen in nutrient-rich lakes Christopher T. Filstrup B & John A. Downing
Pages 385-400 I Published online 09 Oct 2017
" Download citation P.I https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2017.1375176 111) Check for updatM
Paradigms Are Changing
Filstrup and Downing, 2017
(a)
--- 1.2
~ 1.0 oI)
a 0.8 ._, i::: <l) 0.6 oI) 0 l-, ......
0.4
·- 0.2 = -ro 0.0 ...... 0 ...... -0.2 oI) 0
-0.4 -(b)
--- 1.2
~ 1.0 oI)
a 0.8 ._, i::: 0.6 <l) oI) 0 0.4 l-, ...... ·- 0.2 = -ro 0.0 ...... 0 ......
-0.2 oI) 0
-0.4 -EUSGS science for a changing world
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
log total phosphorus (µg L-1)
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.1
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
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.2
Relationship of chlorophyll to phosphorus and nitrogen in nutrient-rich lakes Christopher T. Filstrup B & John A. Downing
Pages 385-400 I Published online 09 Oct 2017
" Download citation P.I https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2017.1375176 111) Check for updatM
Paradigms Are Changing
High nutrients and low biomass did not coincide with shifts in nutrient limitation, light availability, cellular Chl-a content, phytoplankton composition, or zooplankton grazing pressure.
Nitrate comprised most of TN and occurred with reduced dissolved organic matter.
Hypothesis: Photolysis of nitrate may produce reactive oxygen species that damage DOM and phytoplankton.
Filstrup and Downing, 2017
EUSGS science for a changing world
Skaneateles Lake algae outbreak could be toxic, state DEC says Updated Aug 6 ; Posted Aug 6
The state has confirmed that algae floating in Skaneateles Lake near the village of Skaneateles is
toxic. (Gregory Simmons I Special to Syracuse.com)
Skaneateles Lake beaches closed after harmful algae blooms pop up Updated Aug 7; Posted Aug 7
SKANEATELES LAKE
DEC confirms harmful algal bloom on Skaneateles Lake, now dissipated ThlCit.tzfflsl~ ,- 7. 201
Swimmers, Pets Told to Avoid Algal Bloom on Skaneateles Lake; City Monitoring Water Quality lh-SCOT1WILL.IS 6,L..,.... ,,_,IIIAADO . Al,K,l,:lOllf
Toxin-producing algae found again in Skaneateles Lake Updated Sep 6, 1.51 PM, Posted Sep 6 , 1 :36 PM
Cyanotoxin Blooms Are Occurring in Oligotrophic Systems
2018
EUSGS science for a changing world
Skaneateles Lake algae outbreak could be toxic, state DEC says Updated Aug 6 ; Posted Aug 6
The state has confirmed that algae floating in Skaneateles Lake near the village of Skaneateles is
toxic. (Gregory Simmons I Special to Syracuse.com)
Cyanotoxin Blooms Are Occurring in Oligotrophic Systems
2018
2018 Summer Maximum Total Phosphorus: 7 μg/L Chlorophyll: 1.6 μg/L Shoreline Microcystin: 940 μg/L
IIUSGS EUSGS sciencs far a changing world science tor a changing world
EUSGS science for a changing world
The Spatiotemporal Variability of Cyanobacteria Poses
Unique Challenges to Monitoring and Assessment July 20, 2016 4:09 pm July 20, 2016 at 3:54 pm
Photo Credit: G. Foster, USGS Photo Credit: G. Foster, USGS
Milford Lake, KS
EUSGS science for a changing world
Knowledge Gaps A considerable amount of research is being conducted…toward the determination of causes and control of algal blooms. An expansion and integration of these studies is indicated as a very real need.
~E. T. Rose, 1953
Status and trends Environmental fate and transport Environmental drivers Ecosystem effects Exposure and health Drinking water and food impacts Mitigation and management
Photo
Cre
dit: B
. Ros
en, U
SGS
Photo
Cre
dit: J
. Gra
ham,
USG
SPh
oto C
redit
: NAS
A
EUSGS science for a changing world
Jennifer Graham [email protected] 518-285-5706