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TRAINING SUPPORT PACKAGE (TSP)
TSP Number 052-12C30-B03052-12B30-A03052-12B30-B03-CET-03
Title Calculate Breaching Charges
Task Number(s) 052-193-3024
/Title(s) Calculate Breaching Charges
Effective
Date 010201
Supersedes
TSP(s) All previous TSPs and LPs on this subject dated prior to 010201
TSP User UNITED STATES ARMY ENGINEER SCHOOLFORT LEONARD WOOD, MO 65473-8929 AND TASS SCHOOL BATTALIONS
Proponent UNITED STATES ARMY MANEUVER SUPPORT CENTERDIRECTORATE OF TRAINING DEVELOPMENTFORT LEONARD WOOD, MO 65473-8929
Comments/ Send comments and recommendations directly to
Recommen- COMMANDER, UNITED STATES ARMY MANEUVER SUPPORT CENTER
dations DIRECTORATE OF TRAINING DEVELOPMENTATTN: ATZT-DT-WR-E
FORT LEONARD WOOD, MO 65473-8929
Foreign This product has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the Fort
Disclosure Leonard Wood foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to military
Restrictions students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis.
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PREFACE
Purpose This training support package provides the instructor with a standard lesson planfor presenting instruction for:
Task number: 052-193-3024
Task title: Calculate Breaching Charges
Conditions: In a classroom given a hand-held calculator, FM 5-250, and theinformation needed to calculate explosives for the destruction of
concrete-slab bridges, concrete T beams, bridge abutments, andpermanent field fortifications.
Standard: Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six stepproblem solving format and breaching formulas in accordancewith FM 5-250.
This TSP
Contains
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Preface 2
Lesson 1 Section I - Administrative Data 3
Section II - Introduction 5Terminal Learning Objective 5
Section III - Presentation 6
A - Enabling Learning Objective 1 6
Section IV - Summary 11
Section V - Student Evaluation 12
Appendixes A - Slides Master 13
B - Test and Test Solutions (Not Applicable) 14
C - Practical Exercise and Solutions 15
D - Student Handout/Advance Sheet 20
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Calculate Breaching Charges
010201
SECTION I. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
All Courses COURSE NUMBER(S) COURSE TITLE(S)
Including 030-12B30 Combat Engineer (BNCOC)
This Lesson 030-12C30 Bridge Crewmember (BNCOC)TATS CET SL30 Common Engineer Training (BNCOC)
Task(s) TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE
Taught or
Supported 052-193-3024 Calculate Breaching Charges
Reinforced TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE
Tasks None
Academic The Academic hours required to teach this course are as follows:
Hours:PEACETIME MOBILIZATION DL ADT IDTHRS/METH HRS/METH HRS/METH HRS/METH HRS/METH4.0/CO 4.0/CO 0.0 4.0/CO 0.02.0/PE 2.0/PE 2.0/PE
*Test 0.0 0.0 0.0
*Test Review 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Hours 6.0 6.0 6.0
Test Lesson
Number HOURS LESSON NUMBERTesting: 4.0 052-12B30-B07
2.5 052-12C30-A053.0 052-12B30-B07-CET-13
Review of test results: 1.0 052-12B30-B070.5 052-12C30-A051.0 052-12B30-B07-CET-13
Prerequisite LESSON NUMBER LESSON TITLE
Lesson(s) None
Clearance
and Access Unclassified
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References
NUMBER TITLE DATE PARA. NO. ADDITIONALINFORMATION
FM 5-250 Explosives and Demolition’s July 98 Chapter 3
Section IV
Student Handout/Advance Sheet
Study
Assignments Read FM 5-250, Chapter 3 Section IV, prior to class.
Instructor
Requirements 1 ITC/SGI Certified Instructor, per classroom.
Additional
Support
Personnel
Requirements None
Equipment
Required Calculator / Overhead projector / Chalkboard or Dry Erase Board.Computerized Instructor Machine, ANDEV-COM-CIM
Materials INSTRUCTOR MATERIALS: TSP, FM 5-250.
RequiredSTUDENT MATERIALS: FM 5-250, Student notes and handouts
Classroom,
Training
Area, and
Range
Requirements 16 Students per classroom
Ammunition
Requirements None
Instructional Before presenting this lesson, instructors must thoroughly prepare by
Guidance studying this lesson and identified reference material.
Proponent NAME Rank Position Date
Lesson RALPH TURNER SFC 12B30 COURSE MANAGER 010201
Plan HAROLD DROSSEL CIV Chief, CMF 12 DOTD 010201
Approvals OLLIE JACKSON CIV Chief, Warrior Eng. Div, 010201
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SECTION II. INTRODUCTION
Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.1Media used : None
Motivator Correct calculation of breaching charges is essential to move friendly forcesthrough obstacles without being engaged and maintaining momentum either during the assault or a retrograde.
Terminal Note: Inform the students of the following terminal learning objective requirements.
Learning
Objective At the completion of this lesson you (the student) will:
Action: Calculate Breaching Charges
Conditions: In a classroom, given a hand held calculator, FM 5-250, informationneeded to calculate explosives for the destruction of concrete slabbridges, concrete T-beams, bridge abutments, and permanent fieldfortifications.
Standard: Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six step problem
solving format, and breaching formulas in accordance with FM 5-250.
Safety
Requirements None
Risk
Assessment
Level Low
Environmental
Considerations None
Evaluation The student will demonstrate skills/knowledge by scoring 70% or higher on the
end of annex examination.
Instructional
Lead-in Ask the students: Why and where would Combat Engineers use breachingcharges?
Expected response: From paragraph 3-37 page 3-18.
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SECTION III - PRESENTATION
A. Enabling Learning Objective A
NOTE: Inform the students of the Enabling Learning Objectives requirements.
Action: Calculate Breaching Charges
Conditions: In a classroom, given a hand-held calculator, FM 5-250, and information
needed to calculate explosives for destruction of concrete slab bridges,concrete T-beams, bridge abutments, and permanent field fortifications.
Standard: Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six step problemsolving format and breaching formulas in accordance with FM 5-250.
1. Learning Step/Activity 1: Usage And Types Of Breaching Charges
NOTE: Before beginning this lesson instructor will make the student aware of the minimum safe distancerequirement for demolition’s by reviewing the safe distance tables on pages 6-6 and 6-7. Safe distancesformula for the amounts not listed in tables will be explained at the end of annex AAR.
Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.5
Media used : Slide
NOTE: Show Slide # 1 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-18
a. Ideal Locations
(1) Field fortifications.
(2) Bridges.
(3) Walls.
(4) Buildings.
(5) Dams.
NOTE: Show Slide # 2 Critical factors to consider.
b. Critical Factors
(1) Size of charge.
(2) Shape of charge.
(3) Placement and tamping of charge.
NOTE: Show Slide # 3 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-19,3-20.
c. Methods of calculating
(1) Formula
(2) Hasty
NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity.
2. Learning Step/Activity 2: Formula Method For Breaching
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Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 1.8Media used : Slide
NOTE: Show Slide # 4 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-19
a. Breaching formula
* P = amount of TNT.
* R = Breaching radius in feet.
* K = Material factor.
* C = Tamping factor.
NOTE: Show Slide # 5 reference pg 3-20)
b. Breaching radius (Values of “R”)
(1) External- Round up to the next 1/2 foot.
(2) Internal- Round up to the next 1/4 foot.
NOTE: Show Slide # 6 reference table 3-5 pg 3-19.
c. Material factors.(Values of ‘K”)
(1) Type of material.
(2) R = breaching radius.
(3) K = material factor.
NOTE: Show Slide # 7
d. Tamping factors.(Values of “C”)
(1) Breaching reinforced concrete.
NOTE: Show Slide # 8 reference pg 3-23 para 3-44
e. Determine number of charges
* N = W2R
* Less than 1.25 use 1 charge
* 1.25 to 2.49 use 2 charges
* 2.5 or greater round off to the nearest whole number
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NOTE: Show Slide # 9 reference pg 3-4 Table 3-1 (pg 3-24, para 3-47
f. Charge thickness.(see chart)
NOTE: Show Slide # 10
NOTE: Walk students through this first problem on the board to help in understanding.
g. Sample Problem 1: Calculate the amount of explosives to rubble this dense concrete wall,using TNT, ground placed, untamped charges.(R=6’, H=10’, W=40’)
NOTE: Show Slide # 11
h. Solution, Clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.
NOTE: Show Slide # 12
I. Sample Problem 2: Calculate the amount of explosive required to breach 4 poor masonrywalls using M1 dynamite ground placed and untamped.(R=7’, W=70’)
NOTE: Show Slide # 13
j. Solution. clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.
NOTE: Give example problems (made up by the instructor) to clarify student understanding.
NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity.
3. Learning Step/Activity 3: Hasty Method For Breaching
Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.8Media used : Slide
NOTE: Show Slide # 14 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-22 Table 3-6.
a. Hasty Calculation
(1) Calculation chart.
(2) Type of explosive.
(3) Type of concrete.
(4) Methods of placement.
NOTE: Show Slide # 15 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-22 Table 3-7.
b. Conversion factors
(1) Type of material.
(2) Multiply explosives by factor.
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NOTE: Show Slide # 16
NOTE: Walk students through this first problem on the board to help in understanding.
c. Sample problem 3: Calculate the amount of C-4 required to rubble a dense concrete falling blockobstacle 4’ square and 30’ wide. * use ground placed untamped (hasty calculation)
NOTE: Show Slide # 17
d. Solution, clarify any student misunderstanding before moving on.
NOTE: Show Slide # 18
e. Sample problem 4: Calculate the amount of C-4 required to rubble a dense concrete wall 5’thick and 60’ wide. * use elevated untamped
NOTE: Show Slide # 19
f. Solution, clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.
NOTE: Give example problems (made up by the instructor) to clarify student understanding.
NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity.
4. Learning Step/Activity 4: Counter Force Charges
Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.7Media: Slide
NOTE: Show Slide # 20 reference pg 3-24 para 3-48.
a. Counter force charge
(1) Uses: effective against rectangular masonry or concrete columns 4 feet thick or less.
(2) Charge size: 1 and 1/2 lb of explosive per foot.
(3) Charge placement: split charges in half and place two halves directly opposite eachother on target.
(4) Charge detonation: charges must detonate simultaneously.
NOTE: Show Slide # 21
NOTE: Walk students through this first problem on the board to help in understanding.
b. Sample problem 5: calculate the minimum amount of C-4 (M112) required to breach 80concrete cubes, 3’ thick.
NOTE: Show Slide # 22
c. Solution, clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.
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NOTE: Show Slide # 23
d. Sample problem 6: calculate the minimum amount of packages of M118 sheet explosiverequired to breach 50 cylinders, 4’ in diameter.
NOTE: Show Slide # 24
e. Solution, clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.
NOTE: Give example problems (made up by the instructor) to clarify student understanding.
NOTE: Show Slide # 25 (Example)
f. Breaching hard-surface pavement.
NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activities.
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SECTION IV - SUMMARY
Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.1Media used : Student handout
Review/ Inform the students that this lesson can be reviewed in FM 5-250; pages 3-18
Summarize through 3-25. Restate the action, conditions, and standard, restate the learning
Lesson activities, and then check on learning.
Check On Determine if students have learned the material presented by--
Learninga. Soliciting student questions and explanations.
b. Asking questions and getting answers from the students.
c. Correcting student misunderstandings.
Transition
To Next
Lesson Inform the students that the next lesson will be the practical exercise.
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SECTION V STUDENT EVALUATION
Testing Student will be evaluated on a written examination for the POI File number
Requirements 12B30-B03 (Ref TSP 12B30-B07), 12C30-A03 (Ref TSP 12C30-A05), 12B30-B03-CET-
-03 (Ref TSP 12B30-A07-CET-13). Student must score 70% or higher to receive a
GO. A 1 hour After Action Review will be conducted after the examination for
12B’s and CET. A 30 minute After Action Review will be conducted for the 12C’s.
NOTE: Include this information also in the Student Evaluation Plan which documents course
graduation requirements. The using school assigns course weight to the evaluation.
NOTE: Rapid, immediate feedback is essential to effective learning. Schedule and providefeedback on the evaluation and any information to help answer student’s questions aboutthe test. Provide remedial training as needed.
Feedback
Requirement The instructor must forward problems with the TSP to the proponent.
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Appendix A: Slides Master
Lesson Title: Calculate Breaching Charges
1. Ideal Locations2. Critical Factors3. Block Charges4. Breaching Formulas - P = R
3KC
5. Values of "R"6. Values of K7. Values of "C" (Tamping Factor)8. Number of Charges9. Thickness of Breaching Charge10. Problem 111. Solution12. Problem 213. Solution14. Hasty method15. Conversion Factors for Material Other Than Reinforced Concrete16. Problem 317. Solution18. Problem 419. Solution
20. Counterforce Charge21. Problem 522. Solution23. Problem 624. Solution25. Breaching Hard-surface Pavement (Example)
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Appendix B: Test and Test Solutions
Not Applicable
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Appendix C: Practical Exercise and Solutions
PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 1
Title 052-193-3024 / Calculate Breaching Charges
Introduction Give detailed instructions on what is expected during the practical exercise.Work each problem using the six-step problem solving format.
Motivator Instructor will include the motivator for this practical exercise. Terminal Inform the students of the following terminal learning objective requirements.
Learning
Objective At the completion of this lesson you (the student) will:
Action: Calculate Breaching Charges
Conditions: In a classroom, given a hand held calculator, FM 5-250,information needed to calculate explosives for destruction of concrete slab bridges, concrete T-beams, bridge abutments, andpermanent field fortifications.
Standard:
Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six step
problem solving format, and breaching formulas in accordancewith FM 5-250.
Method of instruction : Practical ExerciseInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 2.0Media used : Student Handout
Safety
Requirements None
Risk
Assessment
Level Low
Environmental
ConsiderationsNone
Evaluation The student will accurately calculate all breaching charges using the six stepproblem solving format.
Instructional All work must be shown in the six step problem solving format in order for short
Lead-In comings to be identified by the instructor.
Resource
Require
ment Calculator / Overhead projector / Chalkboard or Dry Erase Board.
Special Allow students 1 hour to solve problems, then review answers the second hour.
Instructions The student will accurately calculate all breaching charges using the six-stepproblem solving format in order for short comings to be identified by the instructor.Review the solutions to the practical exercise and review any questionsand/or shortcomings
Procedures Students will work the following problems
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1. Using the formula method for calculating breaching charges, how manypackages of C-4 (M112) are required to destroy a wall constructed of good masonry thatis 3 feet thick, 10 feet high, and 30 feet long ? The charge will be ground-placed anduntamped.
2. Using the table method for calculating breaching charges, how many packagesof C4 (M112) are required to destroy a wall constructed of dense concrete that is 6 feetthick, 12 feet high, and 24 feet long ? The charge will be elevated and untamped.
3. Using a counter force charge, how many packages of C-4 (M112) are required todestroy 20 concrete cubes that are 3 feet thick ?
4. Using the formula method for calculating breaching charges, how manypackages of C-4 (M112) are required to destroy a wall constructed of reinforced concretethat is 5 feet thick, 11 feet high, and 42 feet long ? The charge will be ground-placedand tamped.
5. Using the table method, how many packages of C-4 (M112) are required to destroya dense concrete wall that is 4 feet thick, and 28 feet long ? The charge will be ground-placed and untamped.
6. Using a counter force charge, how many packages of C-4 (M118 sheet
explosives) are required to destroy 18 concrete cubes that are 3.5 feet thick ?
NOTE: Students that finish early will be given additional problems that are made up byinstructor
Feedback
Require- Review the solutions to the practical exercise and review any questions and/or
ments shortcomings.
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Appendix C: Practical Exercise and Solutions
Lesson Title: Calculate Breaching Charges
1. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 3' Thick10' High30' WideGood MasonryUse ground placed; untampedUse C-4 (M112)
Step 2: Calculate for TNT:P = R3KCP = 3x3x3 x .40 x 3.6 = 38.88 TNT
Step 3: Divide by RE Factor 38.88 ¸ 1.34 = 29.01 lbs C-4 (M112)
Step 4: Divide by package size; then round up to next package size:29.01 ¸ 1.25 = 23.20 _ 24 pkgs C-4 (M112)
Step 5: Calculate number of charges:N = W N=30 N=5
2R 6
Step 6: Total Explosives: 24 pkgs x 5 = 120 pkgs C-4 (M112)
2. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 6' Thick12' High24' WideDense ConcreteUse elevated untampedUse table methodUse C4 M112
Step 2: Calculate for pkgs of C4: Table Method: Elevated untamped; 6' ThickP = 147 lbs TNT per -charge 147 x .7 (Conversion Factor ) = 102.9 pkgs C4
Step 3: Divide by RE Factor: Omit.
Step 4: Round up to next package size: 102.9 _ 103 pkgs C4
Step 5: Calculate number of charges:N = W N= 24 N=2
2R 12
Step 6: Calculate Total Explosives: 2 Charges x 103 pkgs C4 = 206 pkgs C4
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Appendix C: Practical Exercise and Solutions (Continued)
Lesson Title: Calculate Breaching Charges
3. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 20 Concrete Cubes 3' ThickUse C-4 (M112)Use Counter force Charge
Step 2: Calculate for C-4 (use rule of thumb)P = 1 ½ x ThicknessP = 1 ½ x 3P = 4.5 lbs C-4
Step 3: Divide by RE Factor: N/A
Step 4: Divide by package size; then round up to next package size:4.5 lbs ¸ 1.25 = 3.6 _ 4 pkgs C-4
Step 5: Calculate number of charges: 20 Cubes = 20 Charges
Step 6: Total Explosives: 20 Cubes x 4 pkgs = 80 pkgs C-4 (M112)
4. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 5' thick11' high42' widereinforced concreteground placed and tampedC4 (M112)
Step 2: Calculate for TNT:P=R3KC5x5x5 x .63 x 2.0 = 157.5 lbs TNT
Step 3: Divide by RE factor: 157.5 ¸ 1.34 = 117.53 lbs C4
Step 4: Divide by package size: 117.53 ¸ 1.25 = 94.02 round up to 95
Step 5: Calculate number of chargesN = W N=42 N=4.2 round down to 4
2R 10
Step 6: Total explosives: 95 x 4 = 380 pkgs C4 (M112)
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Appendix C: Practical Exercise and Solutions (Continued)
Lesson Title: Calculate Breaching Charges
5. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 4' Thick28' WideDense concrete wallGround placed untampedUse table methodUse C4 M112
Step 2: Calculate for pkgs of C4: Table Method: Ground placed untamped; 4' ThickP = 111 lbs TNT per charge 111 x .7 (Conversion Factor ) = 77.7 pkgs C4
Step 3: Divide by RE Factor: Omit.
Step 4: Round up to next package size: 77.7 _ 78 pkgs C4
Step 5: Calculate number of charges:
N = W N=28 N=3.5 _ 42R 8
Step 6: Calculate Total Explosives: 4 Charges x 78 pkgs C4 = 312 pkgs C4
6. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 18 Concrete Cubes 3.5' ThickUse C-4 (M118) Number of packagesUse Counter force Charge
Step 2: Calculate for C-4 (use rule of thumb)P = 1 ½ x Thickness P = 1 ½ x 3.5 P = 5.25 lbs C-4
Step 3: Divide by RE Factor: N/A
Step 4: Divide by package size; then round up to next package size:5.25 lbs ¸ .50 = 10.5 _ 11 sheets
Step 5: Calculate number of charges: 18 Cubes = 18 Charges
Step 6: Total Explosives: 11 sheets x 18 Charges = 198 = 49.5 o 504 pkgs
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Appendix D: Student Handout/Advance Sheet
Title 12B30-B03, Calculate Breaching Charges
12C30-A03
12B30-B03-CET-03
Terminal At the completion of this lesson you (the student) will:
Learning
Objective
Action: Calculate Breaching Charges
Conditions: In a classroom, given a hand held calculator, FM 5-250,information needed to calculate explosives for destruction of concrete slab bridges, concrete T-beams, bridge abutments, andpermanent field fortifications.
Standard: Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six stepproblem solving format, and breaching formulas in accordancewith FM 5-250.
1. Lesson Summary:
a. Safety : Will be integrated, observed, and evaluated at all times.
b. Environmental : No major environmental impact
c. Risk : Low
2. General Instructions:
a. Conduct student reading : The following reading/familiarization will be completedprior to classroom instruction: FM 5-250, pg 3-18 through 3-25.
b. Participate in practical exercises.(see attached PE sheet).
3. Sequence of Activities:
a. Usage and types of breaching charges.
b. Formula method for breaching.
c. Hasty method for breaching.
d. Counterforce breaching charges.
4. Upon completion of each performance measure have instructor check your work.
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Appendix D: Student Handout/Advance Sheet (Continued)
Lesson Title: Calculate Breaching Charges
1. Using the formula method for calculating breaching charges, how many packages of TNT arerequired to destroy a wall constructed of first class masonry that is 2 feet thick, 10 feet high, and 80 feetlong? The charge will be ground-placed and untamped.
2. Using the table method for calculating breaching charges, how many packages of M1 dynamite arerequired to destroy a wall constructed of dense concrete that is 5 feet thick, 8 feet high, and 44 feet long?The charge will be elevated and untamped.
3. Using a counter force charge, how many packages of C-4 (M118 block) are required to destroy 16concrete columns that are 3 feet 8 inches in diameter
4. Using the formula method for calculating breaching charges, how many packages of C-4 (M112) arerequired to destroy a wall constructed of reinforced concrete that is 6 feet thick, 16 feet high, and 62 feetlong? The charge will be placed in center of mass.
5. Using the table method, how many packages of C-4 (M112) are required to destroy a dense concretewall that is 7 feet 3 inches thick, and 18 feet long? The charge will be tamped.
6. Using a counter force charge, how many packages of C-4 (M118 sheet explosives) are required to
destroy 42 concrete cubes that are 2 feet 4 inches thick?