9.October Manifesto

8/11/2019 9.October Manifesto

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OCTOBER MANIFESTO30 OCTOBER 1905


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YESTERDAY


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OCTOBER MANIFESTO

30 October 1905: Promised reforms.

Civil liberties.

Freedom of speech.

Freedom of assembly.

No laws can be issued without the agreement ofthe Duma.

However, the October Manifesto did not includeany reference to the point that the Duma couldnot initiate legislation.


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Nicholas II diary entry (19 Oct 1905)

Through all these horrible days, I constantly met

Witte. We very often met in the early morning topart only in the evening when night fell. Therewere only two ways open; to find an energetic

soldier and crush the rebellion by sheer force.

That would mean rivers of blood, and in the endwe would be where had started. The other wayout would be to give to the people their civilrights, freedom of speech and press, also to have

laws conformed by a State Duma - that of course

would be a constitution.Witte defends this veryenergetically.


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Diary entry contd. Almost everybody I had an opportunity of

consulting, is of the same opinion. Witte put itquite clearly to me that he would accept thePresidency of the Council of Ministers only on thecondition that his programme was agreed to, and

his actions not interfered with. We discussed it fortwo days and in the end, invoking God's help Isigned. This terrible decision which nevertheless Itook quite consciously. I had no one to rely onexcept honest Trepov. There was no other way outbut to cross oneself and give what everyone wasasking for.


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ELECTORATE

It was universal: BUT voting was indirect.

Voters selected an electoral group: which then

selected the members.

The peasants, the townsmen and the gentry

all elected their own representatives.

Delegates from all the provinces met in the

provincial town and chose the members of the

Duma.


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COUNCIL OF STATE

The upper house of the parliament.

Council of State (upper house) consisted of

clergy, nobility

Had equal legislative rights as the Duma.

They could submit a rival budget, so that the

Tsar can choose their decision over the

Dumas'.


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FUNDAMENTAL LAWS (6 May 1906)

The Tsar retained complete control of- the executive branch (Upper house),

- foreign policy,

- the army,- Navy, and

- All other autocratic prerogatives (exclusive privilegesor rights), including power of veto over legislation.

- Duma received important legislative and budgetaryrights and functions, but these were largelycircumscribed by the conservative State Council.


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FUNDAMENTAL LAWS

The tsar could dissolve the Duma at his will.


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DUMA 1 (10 May 1906)

Although Social Democrats and SRs boycotted

the elections, some of their members were

elected.

Duma of Popular Indignation.

Trudoviks (radicals who supported workers

and peasants), Kadets and Progressivists

(middle class businessmen).


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REFORMS PROPOSED IN DUMA 1

Release political prisoners.

Rights for Trade unions.

Land reform. Right to dismiss ministers appointed by the

Tsar in favor of ministers acceptable to the

Duma.

Tsar rejected ALL these proposals.

Duma dissolved in 21 July 1906. (72 days)


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LIMITED ELECTORATE

The Tsar's chief minister, Peter Stolypin, used

his powers to exclude large numbers from

voting.


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How did Stolypin reduce the

electorate?

Excluded national minorities.

Poland, Siberia, the Caucasus and in Central Asia.

Better representation to the nobility.

Only the richest 30% of males can vote.

Landowners given greater power (a loss for the

peasants).

Those owning their own homes elected over half

the urban deputies.


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Peter Stolypin


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DUMA 4 (1912-1917)

After the First World War broke out, the Duma

supported Tsars decision.

Bolshevik deputies voted against joining the

war-they were arrested, property confiscated

and sent to Siberia.


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SO WHAT DID THE DUMAS DO?

First time that Russia had a national assembly.

Improved the conditions of the workers/peasants.

Strengthened national defense as well.

Land captains were replaced by justices of thepeace.

Govt. introduced a plan to have universal primaryeducation within 10 years.

Health and accident insurance programmesintroduced for industrial workers.

Political parties legal


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http://warchron.com/FirstDuma-

BloodySunday.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSdu

ma.htm

http://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-

1914-the-modernization-of-nations
http://warchron.com/FirstDuma-BloodySunday.htmhttp://warchron.com/FirstDuma-BloodySunday.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSduma.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSduma.htmhttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-dumas-1906-1914-the-modernization-of-nationshttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSduma.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSduma.htmhttp://warchron.com/FirstDuma-BloodySunday.htmhttp://warchron.com/FirstDuma-BloodySunday.htmhttp://warchron.com/FirstDuma-BloodySunday.htm

9.October Manifesto

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