98264270 Teradata Architecture

8/12/2019 98264270 Teradata Architecture

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Teradata ArchitectureTeradata Architecture

AUTHOR: JAYAKRISHNAN.V

E-MAIL : jayakrishnan.vijayakuar!"i#r$.%$


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Teradata corporationTeradata corporation

Teradata corporation is a vendor specializing in datawarehousing and analytic applications .

Its products are commonly used by companies tomanage data warehouses for analytical and businessintelligence purpose .

Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation


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FeaturesFeatures

T&ra'a(ais Relational Database anagement !ystem

"RD#!$

%&sed for Data warehousing

%'(ecutes on &ni( )*indows NT or *indows +,,,

operating systems

Teradata

DATABASE

)in *+)in NT

IBM

MainframeUNIX


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Compliant with -N!I standards

Capable of running in single node or in multiplenodes

&nlimited) roven !calability / amount of data and

number of users0 allows for an enterprise widemodel of the data.

&nlimited arallelism / arallel access) sorts) and

aggregations.

ature 1ptimizer / 2andles comple( 3ueries) up to45 6oins per 3uery) ad/hoc processing.


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odels the #usiness / 7N8) robust view processing) 9provides star schema capabilities

:ow TC1 "Total Cost of 1wnership$ / ease of setup)maintenance) 9 administration0 no re/orgs) lowest dis; to dataratio) and robust e(pansion utility "recon fig$.

2igh -vailability / no single point of failure.

arallel :oad utilities / robust) parallel) and scalable loadutilities such as 8ast :oad) ulti:oad) and Tump.


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Parser Engine Parser Engine

Message Passing Layer

AMP AMP AMP AMP

Vdisk VdiskVdiskVdisk

Gateway S/

Et!ernet Ada"ter

TDP

#LI

#$ient %e&

MTDP

#LI

#$ient %e&'

M(SI#!anne$ Ada"ter

B)s Ada"ter

Netw*rk

atta+!ed

system

#!anne$

atta+!ed

system

Teradata Components 9 -rchitectureTeradata Components 9 -rchitecture


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Teradata RDBMS ComponentsTeradata RDBMS Components

#y + ways we can connect to Teradata RD#!

It creates sessions) allocates re3uests and response andalso fetches responses

b$ TD % icro Teradata Director rogram

> Controls the session related issues


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d$ 1!I % icro 1perating s?m interface

/> It provides 1! independent interface

8or connecting to Teradata RD#! networ; attached systemneeds 'thernet adapter

,hann& a((a%h&' sys(&

C:I is having the same function as in n?w attached s?m TD % Teradata Director rogram

anages session traffic b?n C:I n Teradata database) sessioninitiation and termination) logging) verification) session

balancing etc 8or connecting to Teradata RD#! channel attached system

needs host channel adapter and bus adapter in Teradata RD#!


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Teradata RDBMS componentsTeradata RDBMS components

5 main components


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T!e Parsing Engine

Answer Set

%es"*nse

Parsing

Engine


AMP AMP AMP AMP

S,L %e&)est

Parser

("timi-er

Dis"at+!er

The arsing 'ngine is

responsible for@

% anaging individual

sessions "up to


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7 main components for '

a/ars&r an' R&s$v&r

Chec;s for synta( errors

Chec;s the access permission for re3uested db ob6ect

Chec; the e(istence of re3uested ob6ect and also returns error

message if appropriate access is not there.

0O#(ii1&r

It prepares access plan and '(plain plan which shows how my3uery is solved efficiently means it restructure the 3uery in sucha way that it will run more efficiently

%2&n&ra($r

Ta;es the e(plain plan created by optimizer and converts it intodb understandable language called - steps


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+$ : % essage passing layer

/> 2andles the internal communication ofTeradata dbms

/> - steps are distributed to corresponding- based on the 2ashing algorithm over the

essage assing :ayer "#AN'T$


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7$ - % -ccess module processor

/> Birtual processors running under a multitas;ing

environment

/> #AN'T interface

/> anage database

/> Interface to dis; subsystem


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Th& AM/s ar&r&s#$nsi0& 3$r:

- 4in'in5 (h& r$"s

r&6u&s(&'- L$%k ana5&&n(- S$r(in5 r$"s- A55r&5a(in5 %$uns- J$in #r$%&ssin5

- Ou(#u( %$nv&rsi$n an'3$ra((in5- ,r&a(in5 ans"&r s&( 3$r%i&n(- 7isk s#a%&

ana5&&n(- A%%$un(in5- S#&%ia u(ii(y #r$($%$s- R&%$v&ry #r$%&ssin5

T!e A++ess M*d)$e Pr*+ess*r

.AMP

AMPs st*re and retrie0e r*ws t* and

fr*m disk

Answer Set

%es"*nse

Message Passing Layer .PDE and B1NET

AMP AMP AMP AMP

S,L %e&)est

Parsing

Engine


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`5$ D' %arallel database e(tension

This component is an interface layer on the top of

operating system. Its functions include &8&%u(in5

v#r$%s"virtual processors$) providing a #ara&&nvir$n&n() scheduling sessions) debugging) etc.


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Teradata St*rage Ar+!ite+t)re

Teradata

AMP 4AMP 3AMP 1 AMP 2

Parsing

Engine(s)


18

254

41

1290

75

80

32 667

25

%e+*rds 2r*m #$ient .in rand*m se&)en+e

2 32 67 12 90 6 54 75 18 25 80 41


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The arsing 'ngine dispatches re3uest to insert a row.

The essage assing :ayer insures that a row gets tothe appropriate - "-ccess odule rocessor$.

The - stores the row on its associated "logical$dis;.

-n - manages a logical dis; which is mapped tomultiple physical dis;s in a dis; array.


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Teradata %etrie0a$ Ar+!ite+t)re

Teradata

AMP 4AMP 3AMP 1 AMP 2

Parsing

Engine(s)


18

254

41

1290

75

80

32 667

25

%*ws retrie0ed fr*m ta3$e

2 32 67 12 90 6 54 75 18 25 80 41


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The arsing 'nginedispatches a re3uest to retrieve

one or more rows.

The essage assing :ayerinsures that the

appropriate -"s$ are activated.

The -"s$locate and retrieve desired row"s$ inparallel access.

essage assing :ayerreturns to retrieved rows to '.

The 'returns rows to re3uesting client application.


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Teradata Parallelism

'ach ' can handle up to


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M)$ti"$e Ta3$es *n M)$ti"$e AMPs

EMPLOYEE ROWS

EPAR!ME"! ROWS

#O$ ROWS

EMPLOYEE !a%&e EPAR!ME"! !a%&e #O$ !a%&e

Parsing Engine

AMP 4 AMP 5 AMP 6 AMP 7


EMPLOYEE ROWS

EPAR!ME"! ROWS#O$ ROWS

EMPLOYEE ROWS


EMPLOYEE ROWS


!ome rows from each

table may be found

on each -.

'ach - may have

rows from all tables.

Ideally) each -

will hold roughly thesame amount of data.

ultiple nodesM $ti N*de MPP S stem


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ultiple nodesmay beconfigured to

provide aassively arallel

rocessing "$system.

- physicalmessage passinglayer called the

#AN'T is neededto interconnectmultiple nodes.

Teradata is alinearly

e(pandableRD#! / as yourdatabase grows)additional nodesmay be added.

M)$ti8N*de MPP System

B1NET

DA# DA#

SMPSMPSMP SMP

DA# DA# DA# DA# DA# DA#

B1NET .f*r MPP


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BYNET Features:

Ena!es mu!tip!e SM"nodes to

communicate# Automatic !oad

a!ancin$ o% messa$etra%%ic#

Automaticrecon%i$uration a%ter

%au!t detection# Fu!!& operationa! dua!

BYNETs pro'ide %au!tto!erance#

Sca!a!e and(idthas nodes are added#

E'en thou$h thereare t(o ph&sica!BYNETs to pro'ideredundanc& andand(idth) Teradataand TC"*+" so%t(are

on!& see a sin$!enet(or,#

B1NET .f*r MPP

T!e B1NET is a d)a$ red)ndant9 3i8dire+ti*na$

inter+*nne+t netw*rk'

A$$ SMPs are +*nne+ted t* 3*t! B1NETs'

B1NET : B1NET 4

SMP SMP SMP SMP SMP SMP SMP SMP


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T&ra'a(a 3i& sys(&T&ra'a(a 3i& sys(&

+s a !a&er et(een Teradata RDBMS

and "DE

A!so pro'ides set o% ser'ice ca!!s thata!!o(s Teradata RDBMS to store and

retrie'e data e%%icient!&


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7isk Arrays7isk Arrays

- dis; array contains drive groups

Drive groups contain set of drivers

:&N ":ogical units$ contains a portion of every drive pdis; is a slice of :&N

Froup of pdis;s assigned to an - is called v'isk

7 ( 7i ( i0 (i7 ( 7i ( i0 (i


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7a(a 7is(ri0u(i$n7a(a 7is(ri0u(i$n -ccording to the primary inde( selected) the rows get

distributed randomly among all the -s.

ore the uni3ue the primary inde() the more even thedistribution will be.


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T-AN.S

98264270 Teradata Architecture

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