-964 - CONIDAE

-964- CONIDAE

Conus flavidus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

REFERENCE: (9)-427, & 305; (1)-373 & 372-E

Habitat: Shallow water on strata, near corals.

IDENTIFICATION: ID is quite certain and has beenobserved in Hawaii frequently as well as most other Pacific stations.Well described in reference (9) except for the animal where Wallsstates that it is closest to C. frigidus, and is close to C. lividus but

that species has coronated shoulders. Two specimens are have brown-red bands while the third(M32-19) has orange-tan bands.. Animals of all three are similar.

DIMENSIONAL DESCRIPTIONNotes: Length is axial length from apex to most distant lip point.

Width is greatest width perpendicular to axis including fronds. Pa/L% is the percentage of shell length that labial periphery is below apex Ps/L% is the percentage of shell length that labial periphery is below suture. Apical angle is the average angle between right and left spire side tangents.

Photo Length Width Spire W/L S/L Pa/L% Ps/L% Apical Angle StationM42-18 29.0 17.3 2.2 0.60 0.08 23 14 137 960104ASM42-12 35.2 21.0 3.1 0.60 0.09 26 16 140 960104ASM32-19 29.0 18.1 2.3 0.62 0.08 19 10 146 951229BS

SHELL DESCRIPTIONOVERALL: A heavy white shell with a low spire without coronations

and a sharp shoulder angle. There are two broad bandsleaving a white, wide shoulder band and a narrower centralband. The tip is dark purple as is the aperture which has awhite shoulder and central bands. Spiral ridges are fairlyprominent below center and obsolete above. Usuallycovered with calcium or algae, or both.

BASIC COLOR White.COLOR PATTERN: There are two broad bands leaving a white, wide shoulder

band and a narrower central band. The tip is dark purple asis the aperture which has white shoulder and central bands.

SPIRE: Low, smooth and very slightly convex sided. 6 to 8teleconch whorls on these specimens.

WHORL SHAPE: Very slightly convex.SUTURES: Incised.BASE/NECK SHAPE: Straight sided from the periphery nearly to the tip. Fasciole

not prominent.

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SCULPTURE: On the spire there are two major spiral cords with about 6spiral threads on and between cords. Threads are noded byoblique growth striae.

PERIOSTRACUM: Thick, brown, opaque periostracum with spiral and axialthreads. Spirals of short hairs.

APERTURE SHAPE/COLOR: Narrow and widening very gradually from the shoulder tothe canal where it is normally widest due to a change incolumella slope. Interior is dark purple with white bands atthe shoulder and center. A margin inside the lip has thecolors of the exterior.

LIP: Straight from the periphery to the tip. Occasionally concavecentrally as in C. emaciatus , particularly in large shells.Interior is smooth. In apical view, the lip is normallyperpendicular to the prior whorl at the suture for a shortdistance, then concave to the shoulder, with the average lipslope on the shoulder 30 to 40 degrees from radial. Theedge is sharp and thin.

COLUMELLA: Exterior colors extend into the interior without callus. Thecolumella diverges slightly from the lip, usually becomingmore axial in the anterior canal.

ANTERIOR CANAL: The tip is fairly flat, truncating the anterior end about 10degrees from perpendicular with the labial tip projectingslightly more. The columella side covers about a fourth ofthe canal at the anterior.

POSTERIOR CANAL: No modification of lip or parietal wall.VARICES: None.FASCIOLE: A dark purple area with spiral threads with elongate nodes.UMBILICUS: None.OPERCULUM: Horny and brown. None removed for photos due to deep

withdrawal of the animal on being placed in alcohol.PROTOCONCH: About 2.5 convex, white, smooth whorls with deeply

incised sutures and a bulbous nucleus slightly immersed andwith a slope of whorls matching the teleconch spire.

ANIMAL:SIDES OF FOOT: Light grey with a network of short fine to moderately thick lines of light

brown and a sprinkling of minute cream to white dots. Margin edges are lighter due to less denselines. There is a wide black band at the posterior and anterior ends near the edge.

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FOOT PEDESTAL: Light brown areas increase and have fine red-brown linesand white minute dots.

FOOT CRAWLING SURFACE: Light grey with fine red-brown axial lines marking creases.Light brown-red and light grey spots between creases.Minute white dots.

SIPHON: Pale grey with white minute dots. The tip and seam havepale yellow smooth edges. There is a black concentric,wide band near the tip There are light orange tints in someareas on the lower side. Where the black bands end, nearthe seam, the band continues as blue. Surrounded by mantlein the canal.

PROBOSCIS COLUMN: Cylindrical with a tapered tip. The digestive channel can beseen as a blue axial line.. Light grey with concentric yellow-tan crease lines. The proboscis was not seen extended.

MISCELLANEOUS In photo M23-11, a long, tapered process with concentricgrooves was seen extending over the foot posterior. Thiswas not identified.

TENTACLE PEDESTAL: Slightly tapered light to bright yellow with minute whitedots merge at an angle from the proboscis column base atthe sides. The base flares to the column surface and the tipsextend beyond the proboscis tip. The pedestals are flexible,and perform the function of an eye stalk in pointing theeyes.

TENTACLES: Short, flattened with a rounded, tapered tip rise from theinside of the tentacle pedestal with length about thediameter of the pedestal tip. Usually seen as light orange-tan.

EYE STALK: The eye is on the tip of the tentacle pedestal. The tentaclepedestal seems to take the place of the eye stalk in directingthe eyes as the pedestal is flexible.

EYES: Black, occupy about 70% of the tentacle pedestal tip.MANTLE: Thick and light grey with a yellow edge. There are white

dots that seem to have length through the mantle with atleast one appearing as a short, narrow cylinder in photoM22-20, though this could be an artifact.

MANTLE PAPILLAE: See mantle.CILIA: None.

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Photo M42-12. Station 960104AS Photo M42-13, Shell M42-12 Apical view of spire and lip shoulder. & protoconch

Photo M22-19. Shell M42-12. Foot and proboscis columnemerging, Operculum position.

-964- CONIDAE


Photo M22-20. Shell M42-12

Proboscis column, tentaclepedestals, tentacles, eyes,siphon, mantle in canal withwhat may be small papillae.


Foot crawling surface,reaching for floor. Side offoot above.


Siphon, tentacle pedestal, eye,tentacle.

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Photo M22-23. Shell M42-12. Proboscis column,Tentacle pedestal, eye, tentacle.

Photo M42-18. Station 96104AS Photo M42-20. Shell M42-18 spire.

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Penultimate whorl spiresculpture.

Photo M23-6. Shell M42-18 Foot emerging, operculum position.

Photo M23-6 enlargement

Periostracum hairs.

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Foot anterior, proboscis column,siphon.

Photo M23-8. Shell M42-18. Proboscis column, side of foot.

Photo M23-9. Shell M42-18. Tentacle pedestal, eye, tentacle.

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Foot posterior. Tapered greyprocess is not identified.Operculum placement


Foot posterior, operculum.

Photo M23-14.Shell M42-18

Foot crawlingsurface.

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Photo M23-13. Shell M42-18 Foot crawling surface,Proboscis column, tentacle pedestal, eye.

Photo M32-19. Station 951229BS Photo M32-21. Shell M32-19, apical view of spire, protoconch, lip shoulder.

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Foot emerging, siphon.


Foot crawling surface,side of foot, foot pedestal.

Photo M4-3 enlargement

Periostracum spirals of hairs.

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Photo M4-5. Photo M32-19

Siphon, mantle.


Tentacle.

Photo M3-37. Enlarged.

Tentacle pedestal, eye,tentacle.

-964 - CONIDAE

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