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Index of contentsCuprins

Wind energy in Romania, Europe and Worldwide .............. 04

1 Wind energy in Romania, Europe and worldwide ................... 052 Wind energy sector in Europe .............................................. 073 The wind energy sector in Romania ...................................... 09

Energia eolian n Romnia, Europa i n lume ........................ 04

1 Energia eolian n Romnia, Europa i n lume ....................... 052 Situaia sectorului de energie eolian n Europa ...................... 073 Situaia sectorului de energie eolian n Romnia ................... 09

Legal regulations .................................................................... 11

1 Preparation of the investment project and construction of a windfarm .................................................................................... 121.1 Right to dispose of real property ........................................... 121.1.1 Ownership right ................................................................... 121.1.2 Supercies right .................................................................. 131.1.2.1 Supercies right vs. right of use (lease) .......................... 131.1.3 Usufruct .............................................................................. 131.1.3 Examination of the wind force ....................................... 161.1.4 Conventional and statutory right of usage and easements .. 141.1.4.1 Exercise of easement and usage rights over third ownersproperties, as provided under the Energy Law and GD 135 .......... 14

1.2 Romanian Land Register ................................................... 151.3 Issues that might impede/delay the investment process .... 161.3.1 Public property ................................................................... 161.3.2 Restitution claims/litigations affecting the land ................. 161.3.3 Instatement of ownership title; restrictions ........................ 171.3.4 Historical monument status ............................................... 171.3.5 Archaeological status ......................................................... 181.3.6 Lack of city planning certicate .......................................... 181.4 Wind assessment .................................................................. 181.5 Building Permit..................................................................... 191.6 Zoning classication ............................................................ 191.7 Environmental regulations .................................................... 201.7.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ........................... 201.7.2 Nature protection and landscape conservation .................. 201.8 Grid connection ..................................................................... 201.9 Setting-up authorisation ....................................................... 212 Wind farm operation ............................................................... 222.1 Operation licence ................................................................. 222.2 Environmental ...................................................................... 222.3 Sale of energy .................................................................... 223 Support scheme and green certicates trading ................... 233.1 General remarks on the support scheme ...............................233.2 Beneciaries of the GCs system ......................................... 233.3 Trading of GCs ....................................................................... 243.4 Proposed amendments to the support scheme .................... 254 European Union law as regards the wind energy industry ..... 26

Prevederi legale ...................................................................... 11

1 Pregtirea proiectului de investiie i construcia unei centraleeoliene ...................................................................................... 121.1 Dreptul de a dispune de proprietate ..................................... 121.1.1 Dreptul de proprietate ........................................................ 121.1.2 Dreptul de supercie ........................................................ 131.1.2.1 Dreptul de supercie vs. dreptul de folosin (locaiune) ..... 131.1.3 Uzufructul ........................................................................ 131.1.4 Drepturile convenionale i legale de uz i servitute .......... 141.1.4.1 Exercitarea drepturilor de uz i servitute asupra terenuriloraate n proprietatea privat a terilor, conform Legii Energiei iHotrrii de Guvern nr. 135 ........................................................ 14

1.2 Cartea funciar n Romnia ............................................... 151.3 Situaii care ar putea mpiedica/ntrzia investiia ............ 161.3.1 Proprietatea public .......................................................... 161.3.2 Cereri de restituire/litigii cu privire la terenuri ..................... 161.3.3 Constituirea titlului de proprietate; interdicii ..................... 171.3.4 Regimul monumentelor istorice ........................................ 171.3.5 Regimul arheologic ........................................................... 181.3.6 Lipsa certicatului de urbanism ........................................ 181.4 Evaluarea potenialului eolian ............................................... 181.5 Autorizaia de construire ....................................................... 191.6 Planicare urbanistic ........................................................... 191.7 Prevederi cu privire la mediu ................................................ 201.7.1 Evaluarea impactului asupra mediului (EIA) .................... 201.7.2 Protecia naturii i conservarea peisajului ...................... 201.8 Racordarea la reea ............................................................. 201.9 Autorizaia de ninare ...................................................... 212 Operarea centralei eoliene ............................................... 222.1 Licena de exploatare ......................................................... 222.2 Mediu .................................................................................. 222.3 Vnzarea de energie .............................................................. 223 Sistemul de promovare i tranzacionarea certicatelor verzi .. 233 1 Remarci generale cu privire la sistemul de promovare .........233.2 Beneciarii sistemului de CV .................................................. 233.3 Tranzacionarea de CV .......................................................... 243.4 Propuneri de modicare a sistemului de promovare ............... 254. Legislaia Uniunii Europene privind industria energiei eoliene .. 26

Sources of nancing for wind investment ............................. 27

1 Programmes conanced by the EU ...................................... 282 National Funds ..................................................................... 303 Other institutions which offer nancing for wind park projects . 31

Surse de nanare a investiiilor n energii eoliene ............... 27

1 Programe conanate de UE .................................................. 282 Fonduri naionale .................................................................... 303 Alte instituii care ofer nanri pentru proiectele de parcurieoliene ..................................................................................... 31

Business limitations and prospects ..................................... 34

1 Grid capacity and connection ................................................ 352 Technical amendments to wind farm specications .............. 363 Environmental protection ...................................................... 384 Social protests ...................................................................... 395 Infrastructural limitations ....................................................... 396 Length of procedure ............................................................... 417 Obstacles to Investments Romania in the context of the EU .... 438 Dispersion of Sources ............................................................. 449 Tax issues ............................................................................... 4810 The Protability of Wind Energy ..............................................50

List of Acronyms ........................................................................ 58

Constrngeri poteniale i perspective ............................... 34

1 Capacitatea reelei i racordarea ............................................ 352 Amendamente tehnice la specicaiile parcurilor eoliene .... 363 Protecia mediului ..................................................................... 384 Proteste sociale ........................................................................ 395 Limitrile de infrastructur ........................................................ 396 Durata procedurii .................................................................... 417 Obstacole n calea investiiilor - Romnia, n contextul UE ........ 438 Dispersia surselor ................................................................... 449 Probleme scale ...................................................................... 4810 Protabilitatea energiei eoliene .............................................. 50

Lista abrevierilor ....................................................................... 58

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Fondat n 1950 n Viena, Schoenherra devenit una dintre cele mai importante case de avocatur din Austria i EuropaCentral i de Est i este una dintre puinele case de avocatur din Europa care a dezvoltat o reea de birouri n Europa Centrali de Est. Astzi, jumtate din cei 310 avocai ai Schoenherr lucreaz n birourile din afara Austriei. Schoenherr a debutat nBucureti (actualmente Schoenherr i Asociaii SCA) n 1996, ind la acea vreme una dintre primele case de avocatur care aimplementat n Romnia standarde calitative occidentale de consultan juridic. De-a lungul anilor, Schoenherr i Asociaii SCAa fost implicat n numeroase proiecte de anvergur i a acordat asisten n probleme de natur juridic din cele mai variate. Seimpune a menionate achiziiile unor mari companii din industria grea sau industria alimentar, precum i proiecte de anvergurn domeniul consultanei juridice i al litigiilor n dezvoltarea unor i mportante reele de staii de distribuie de carburani ori desupermarketuri de ctre corporaii multinaionale. Schoenherr este una din primele 10 case de avocatur de afaceri din Romania(conform Ziarului Financiar/martie 2011).

Schoenherrwas founded in 1950 in Vienna and has grown to become a leading corporate law rm in Austria and Centraland Eastern Europe. Operating through ofces in Belgrade, Bratislava, Brussels, Bucharest, Budapest, Kyiv, Ljubljana, Prague,Soa, Vienna, Warsaw and Zagreb (cooperation ofce), Schoenherr is a truly European rm. Today, about half of the rms 310lawyers are based in ofces outside Austria. In Romania, Schoenherr started its operations in 1996, being at the time amongthe rst law rms offering legal services at Western quality standards. Throughout the years, Schoenherr i Asociaii has beeninvolved in projects of the biggest magnitude and offered legal solutions to problems of the most diverse types. The rm assistedthe acquisitions of important companies in the heavy industry or food and beverage. Also, its team of lawyers advised multinationalcorporations on the development of supermarket chains or fuel distribution stations. Today, Schoenherr is among the top 10 lawrms in Romania (according to Ziarul Financiar business newspaper, March 2011).

TPA Horwath este o rm internaional de consultan, contabilitate i audit. Am ninat birourile din Romnia n 1998,devenind astzi una dintre cele mai importante companii din Romnia n domeniul nostru de activitate. Serviciile oferite de ctreo echip tnr i dinamic de 70 de consultani, includ contabilitate, servicii privind resurse umane i salarizare, raportare IFRS,audit nanciar, consultan scal i nanciar, consultan juridic, cu sediul n Bucureti, acoperim toate regiunile Romniei.TPA Horwath Romnia ofer o abordare integrat a nevoilor i nvestitorilor strini, specic mediului de afaceri din Romnia, pentruo mai bun calitate a asistenei administrativ-contabile, dar i pentru o practic multidisciplinar de calitate, n scopul optimizriiaccesului investitorilor strini pe piaa romneasc.Grupul TPA Horwath, cu sediul central la Viena n Austria, este un grup ce si desfoar activitatea de la nivel local la nivel global.Cele 11 birouri regionale din Austria sunt completate de 9 birouri naionale din rile Europei Centrale i de Est: Bulgaria, Croaia,Republica Ceh, Ungaria, Polonia, Serbia, Slovacia, Slovenia i Romnia. Aceast reea regional ne permite s servim c lienii nfuncie de expansiunea afacerilor lor i de interesele lor regionale i globale. Avem mai mult de 950 de angajai specializ ai n 10ri CEE i suntem astfel una din companiile de top din regiune n domeniile noastre. n plus, grupul TPA Horwath este membrual reelei de rme de specialitate independente Crowe Horwath International. La nivel mondial, Crowe Horwath International esteclasat n Topul primelor 10 reele de contabilitate i audit, nsumnd peste 140 de rme, 640 de birouri regionale, 28.000 deangajai profesioniti, prezent n peste 100 de ri din toat lumea.

TPA Horwath is an international consultancy, accounting and audit rm. We established our ofces in Romania in 1998 andhave since become one of the leading companies in the country in our eld of activity. Our core services include accounting,payroll, IFRS reporting, auditing, nancial and tax consulting, legal consulting, all of which are provided by a young and dynamicteam of over 70 speci alized consultants. The Romanian ofce of TPA Horwath was set up to offer an integrated solution that meetsthe needs of foreign investors in Romania in terms of higher quality administrative and accountancy assistance, and a qualitymultidisciplinary practice that optimizes foreign investors access to the Romanian market.The TPA Horwath Group, which is based in Vienna, Austria, acts both locally and globally. Its 11 ofces in Austria are complementedby 9 other country ofces in the CEE region: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia andRomania. TPAs CEE regional network enables it to assist its clients with their expansion plans and to meet their regional andglobal needs. With over 950 professionals in 10 countries, it is one of the leading advisory groups in the region. TPA Horwathis also a member of the Crowe Horwath International network. Crowe Horwath International ranks among the top 10 globalaccounting networks thanks to its over 140 independent accounting and advisory service rms and nearly 640 ofces and over28,000 professionals and staff in more than 100 countries around the world.

Asociaia Romn pentru Energie Eolian este o organizaie non-guvernamental ce sprijin i promoveazdezvoltarea energiei eoliene. Scopul su este acela de a crea condiii favorabile pentru investiiile n doneniul energiei eolienedin Romnia i pentru extinderea durabilitii n ceea ce privete utilizarea energiei eoliene ca surs regenerabil a electricitii.Bazele Asociaiei au fost puse de un grup de persoane interesate de implementarea tehnologiei eoliene n Romnia i esteuna dintre cele mai eciente organizaii cu putere de inuen asupra conturrii unui cadru legislativ adecvat pentru a permitedezvoltarea i exploatarea surselor de energie regenerabil din Romnia, n special a energiei eoliene. Printre cei 92 de membriiai Asociaiei, se numr companii de top active pe piaa romneasc a energiei eoliene: investitori, dezvoltatori, productori deturbine i componente, att din Romnia ct i din strintate.

The Romanian Wind Energy Association is a non-governmental organization supporting and promoting windpower development. Its aim is to create favorable c onditions for investing in wind power in Romania and for sustainable increasein use of wind energy as clean source for generation of electricity. The Association has been established by a group of peopleinterested in implementation of wind power technologies in Romania. It is one of the most effective organizations lobbying forcreation of a suitable legal framework allowing for development and operation of renewable energy sources in Romania, inparticular of wind power. Among 92 members of the Association there are leading companies active on the wind power market inRomania: investors, developers, turbine and components manufacturers, both from Romania and abroad.

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Energia eolian n Romnia | Wind energy in Romania 3

Introducere Introduction

Although its rst professional wind farm projectswere only developed a few years ago, Romaniaswind energy sector is currently undergoing dynamicchanges and beginning to play an increasinglyimportant role. In the coming years, Romania willundoubtedly have a real chance to become one ofthe leading users of this form of renewable energyin Europe. At the end of 2010 its wind power stationcapacity amounted to 462 MW, a 33-fold increasesince the end of 2009, when Romania had an installedwind capacity of just 14 MW.

The countrys most dominant region in terms ofgenerating wind capacity is Dobrogea, on the BlackSea coast.

This incredibly dynamic growth in installed wind farmcapacity is allowing Romania to make progress andgetting ahead of a number of European countries.The favourable environmental conditions, growingnumber of permits being issued and signicantnumber of projects already underway ensure thismarket will continue to develop at a fast pace duringthe coming years.

On a European level, by the end of 2010 thecombined installed wind power capacity throughoutEurope had reached 84,278 MW. The EuropeanWind Energy Association (EWEA) estimated thevalue of investment in wind farms in 2010 at EUR12,7 billion, which corresponds to a 10% increase incapacity compared with the previous year. For thepurposes of comparison, the total capacity of windfarms worldwide amounts to 197 GW.

There is a continual increase in the size of the windprojects being implemented in Romania, somethingreected in the extremely high rate of growth incapacity in 2010, compared with the previous year,of 1,071%, while the period January-May 2011 hasseen capacity increase by as much as 161.72 % overthe entire year 2010. As a consequence, Romaniais one of the fastest growing countries in the EU in

this respect: 448 MW were installed in 2010, bringingthe total installed wind capacity to 462 MW (33 timesmore than in 2009). Halfway through 2011 there werealready 570 MW of operational capacity, a gureexpected to rise to 1,000 MW by the end of the year.

The wind energy market creates jobs, and not only inareas related to wind farm installation and servicing:there are an increasing number of companies andbusinesses beginning to conduct research anddevelopment operations related to renewable energy.

n momentul actual, sectorul de energie eolian estesupus unor schimbri dinamice, n poda faptului cprimele proiecte profesionale de parcuri eoliene aufost dezvoltate n Romnia cu doar civa ani n urm,ncepnd s joace un rol din ce n ce mai important.Cu siguran, n anii ce vor urma, Romnia are ansereale de a deveni unul dintre principalii utilizatori dinEuropa ai unei astfel de energii regenerabile. La nalulanului 2010 capacitatea staiilor de energie eoliancrescuse la 462 MW, ind de 33 de ori mai mare fade cea a sfritului anului 2009, cnd Romnia aveainstalat o capacitate eolian de 14 MW.Zona n care predomin capacitatea de energieregenerabil generat este Dobrogea, pe coastaMrii Negre.

Aceast dinamic n ascensiune n ceea ce privetecapacitatea instalat a parcurilor eoliene, faceposibil progresul Romniei comparativ cu multe rieuropene. Condiiile de mediu favorabile, numrulcrescut de licene i proiecte n execuie, asigurdezvoltarea pieei ntr-un ritm alert n urmtorii ani.

Pn la sfritul anului 2010, capacitatea total deenergie eolian instalat pe ntinsul Europei atinsese84.278 MW. Asociaia European a Energiei Eoliene(AEEE) a estimat valoarea investiiilor n parcurileeoliene n 2010 la 12,7 miliarde euro, ceea cecorespunde unei creteri a capacitii cu 10%, fade anul precedent. Pentru o simpl comparaie,capacitatea total a parcurilor eoliene la nivel globalatinge 197 GW.

Romnia atest implementarea proiectelor pe o scardin ce n ce mai mare, iar rata creterii capacitiin 2010 comparat cu cea a anului pre-cedent afost ridicat, respectiv de 1.071%, iar pe parcursulperioadei ianuarie-mai 2011, capacitatea a crescut cu161,72% n raport cu ntreg anul 2010. Prin urmare,Romnia nregistreaz una dintre cele mai rapidecreteri n cadrul UE, n acest domeniu: 448 MW au

fost instalai n 2010, astfel nct capacitatea totalinstalat a atins 462 MW (de 33 de ori mai mult dectn 2009). La sfritul primului semestru din 2011, erauoperaionali 570 MW i se preconizeaz ca pn lanele anului 2011, puterea energetic eolian sating 1.000 MW.

Piaa energiei eoliene ofer locuri de munc, nu numain domeniul instalrii parcurilor sau al serviciilor.Din ce n ce mai multe companii i uniti de afaceri aunceput s dirijeze operaii de cercetare i dezvoltareasociate energiei regenerabile.

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4 Energia eolian n Romnia | Wind energy in Romania Energia eolian n Romnia | Wind energy in Romania 5

Energia eoliann Romnia, Europai n lume

Wind energyin Romania, Europeand worldwide

Wind energy in Romania,Europe and worldwide

Energia eolian n Romnia,Europa i n lume

Situaia sectorului de energie eolian la nivelmondial

Capacitatea centralelor energetice eoliene la nivelglobal a crescut n 2010 cu o ptrime n comparaiecu anul precedent i a atins nivelul de 197 GW.Potrivit informaiilor oferite de Consiliul Global alEnergiei Eoliene (CGEE), China a fost n anul2010 cea mai larg pia, adaugnd impresionantacapacitate de 18,9 GW, ntrecnd Statele Unite idevenind ara cu cea mai mare capacitate pe piaaenergiei eoliene. La nivel global, liderii sunt: China(44,7 GW), Statele Unite (40,2 GW), Germania (27,2GW) i Spania (20,7 GW).

The wind energy sector worldwide

The global wind power plant capacity in 2010increased by 1/4 on the previous year to reach 197GW.Based on the information provided by the GlobalWind Energy Council (GWEC), China was the worldslargest market for wind power in 2010, adding astaggering 18.9 GW of new capacity and edging pastthe US to become top country in terms of wind powerworldwide. The worlds top countries in wind powerproduction include China (44.7 GW), the UnitedStates (40.2 GW), Germany (27.2 GW) and Spain(20.7 GW).

rile cu cea mai ridicat capacitate a parcurilor eoliene la nivel mondialCountries with the highest wind farm capacities worldwide

Sursa: Consiliul Global al Energiei EolieneSource: Global Wind Energy Council

1

CAPITOLPART

1

ara / CountryCapacitatea centralelor energetice eoliene [MW] /

Wind power plant capacity [MW]

China /China 44 733

USA / USA 40 180

Germania /Germany 27 214

Spania /Spain 20 676

India /India 13 065

Italia /Italy 5 797

Frana /France 5 660

UK /UK 5 204

Portugalia /Portugal 3 898

Danemarca /Denmark 3 752

Totalul de mai sus /Total of the above 170 179

Restul lumii /Rest of the world 26 860

Total n lume /Total worldwide 197 039

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Capacitatea parcurilor eoliene la nivel mondial [MW]Wind farm capacity worldwide [MW]

Capacitatea parcurilor eoliene n Europa [MW]Wind farm capacity in Europe [MW]




For the rst year since 2007, wind energy in 2010was not the leading sector in terms of the value ofthe capacity of new facilities based on ecologicalelectrical energy sources. Wind constituted 16.8% ofthe capacity of all new energy sources.

In 2010, the dynamic trend in wind energy use wasconrmed by a 17% increase in wind farm capacity.The European Wind Energy Association (EWEA)estimates the value of new installations in the EU(capacity 9,918 MW) at EUR 12.7 billion.

The total capacity of all renewable energy sourcesin Europe at the end of 2010 had increased by52,855 MW to 876,023 MW, of which wind energy

represented 84,278 MW (9.6%).

The EWEA estimates specify that during an averagewind power density year in Europe, wind farms arecurrently able to satisfy 5.3% of the EUs electricitydemand. By replacing fossil fuels, wind energy canbe used to rapidly reduce pollution and the emissionof greenhouse gases.Worldwide wind energy forecast

In its ve-year forecast, the GWEC expects windcapacity to grow beyond the level of 400 GW between2010 and 2014, mainly as a result of development inChina, United States and Europe.

Of the three scenarios for wind energy developmentpresented by the GWEC, the reference forecastassumes a growth in capacity of up to 573 GWby 2030. The most optimistic forecast assumesa combined installed capacity of 2,341 GW for thesame period.

2010 a fost primul an dup 2007 n care energiaeolian nu a reprezentat sectorul de vrf n ceea ceprivete valoarea capacitii noilor instalaii ce sebazeaz pe surse ecologice de energie electric.Energia eolian a reprezentat 16,8 % din capacitateaenergetic nou instalat.

n anul 2010 tendina dinamic de utilizare a energieieoliene a fost conrmat de o cretere de 17% acapacitii parcurilor eoliene. Asociaia European aEnergiei Eoliene (AEEE) estimeaz valoarea noilorinstalaii n UE cu o capacitate de 9.918 MW la 12,7miliarde euro.

Capacitatea total a tuturor resurselor de energieregenerabil din Europa a crescut la sfritul anului2010 cu 52.855 MW ajungnd la 876.023 MW, cu un

aport al energiei eoliene atingnd 84.278 MW (9,6%).

AEEE estimeaz c n cursul unui an cu de nsitatemedie de energie eolian n Europa, parcurile eolienesunt acum capabile s satisfac 5,3% din cererea deelectricitate a Europei. nlocuind combustibilii fosili,energia eolian poate utilizat pentru a reducerapid emisiile de poluare i gazele cu efect de ser.Estimarea energiei eoliene la nivel mondial

Lund n calcul n special dezvoltrile din China,Statele Unite i Europa, CGEE anticipeaz o creterea capacitii mai mare de 400 GW, aferent perioadei2010-2014, conform estimrii realizate pe cinci ani.

n cele trei scenarii ale dezvoltrii e nergiei eo liene,prezentate de CGEE, estimarea de referin prevedeo cretere a capacitii de pn la 573 GW n 2030.Cea mai optimist estimare prevede o capacitatecombinat de 2.341 GW pentru aceeai perioad.

Scenarii n dezvoltarea energiei eoliene la nivel global [MW]Wind energy development scenarios worldwide [MW]

1000000

90000

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0

1995

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1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

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2010

Scenariu /Scenario 2007 2008 2009 2010 2015 2020 2030

ReferineReference

93 864 120 297 158 505 197 039 295 783 415 433 572 733

ModeratModerate 93 864 120 297 158 505 197 039 460 364 832 251 1 777 550

AvansatAdvanced

93 864 120 297 158 505 197 039 533 233 1 071 415 2 341 984

220000

200000

180000

160000

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0

1

996

1

997

1

998

1

999

2

000

2

001

2

002

2

003

2

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2

005

2

006

2

007

2

008

2

009

2

010

6100 760010200 13600

1740023900

3110039431

4762059091

74052

93835

120550

197039

157899

74767

84278

64719

56519

48031

40500

34372

2449123098

17315

128879678

6453475334762497

The wind energy sector inEurope

Situaia sectorului de energieeolian n Europa

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Capacitatea parcurilor eoliene n Europa [MW]Wind farm capacities in Europe [MW]

ara / Country Sfrit 2009 / End of 2009 Sfrit 2010 / End of 2010

UE 27 74 767 84 278

Germania / Germany 25 777 27 214

Spania / Spain 19 149 20 676

Italia / Italy 4 850 5 797

Frana / France 4 492 5 660

Marea Britanie / United Kingdom 4 051 5 203

Portugalia / Portugal 3 535 3 898

Danemarca / Denmark 3 465 3 752

Olanda / The Netherlands 2 229 2 245Suedia / Sweden 1 560 2 163

Irlanda / Ireland 1 260 1 428

Grecia / Greece 1 087 1 208

Polonia / Poland 725 1 107

Austria /Austria 995 1 011

Belgia / Belgium 563 911

Romnia / Romania 14 462

Bulgaria / Bulgaria 177 375

Ungaria / Hungary 201 295

Cehia / Czech Republic 192 215

Finlanda / Finland 146 197

Lituania / Lithuania 91 154

Estonia / Estonia 142 149

Cipru / Cyprus 0 82

Luxemburg / Luxemburg 35 42

Letonia / Latvia 28 31Slovacia / Slovakia 3 3

Slovenia / Slovenia 0 0

Sursa: Consiliul Global al Energiei EolieneSource: European Wind Energy Association

Sursa: Comisia EuropeanSource: European Commission

In its Energy trends to 2030 scenario, for the decade2011-2020 the European Commission foresees theinstallation of new facilities with a capacity of 333GW, of which 136 GW (41%) will be associated withwind energy. Moreover, the European Commissionalso estimates that 64% of this new capacity will becontributed by the wind energy sector (17% from gassources, 12% coal, 4% nuclear energy and 3% oil).

n scenariul Energy trends to 2030, ComisiaEuropean estimeaz ca n perioada 2011-2020, se conectate instalaii cu o capacitate de 333 GW,din care 136 GW (41%) s e asociate cu energiaeolian. n plus, Comisia European estimeaz ca64% din noua capacitate va rezultatul sectorului deenergie eolian (17% surse de gaz, 12% crbune,4% energie nuclear i 3% petrol).

Structura surselor de energie regenerabil energie generat [TWh]Structure of renewable energy sources generated energy [TWh]

Tip de energieEnergy type

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Maree /Tidal 0 0 1 3 6 9

Geotermal /Geothermal 5 6 6 7 11 19

Biomas /Biomass 84 127 164 191 218 241

Solar /Solar 1 17 32 46 60 75

Vnt marin /Wind offshore 2 14 72 146 204 276

Vnt pe uscat /Wind onshore 68 147 197 253 316 368

Hidro /Hydro 307 323 332 339 349 335

Wind energy has taken the lead among alternativeenergy sources in Romania. According to the EnergyRegulatory Authority, the total capacity of wind farmsin use amounted to 469 MW at the end of May 2011.The largest project to be implemented to date is thewind farm in Fntnele and Cogealac, which wasbuilt by the CEZ Group and has a combined capacityof 600 MW.

Currently the most important wind energy projectsinclude Fntnele (CEZ, 347.5 MW), Casimcea,Topolog, Dieni (IMA PARTNERS + Verbund, 532MW), Tulcea county (ENEL, 174 MW), the Moldovaand Dobrogea areas (PNE Wind, 200 MW), Cogealac(CEZ, 252.5 MW), Mihai Viteazu (Iberdrola, 80 MW),Constana county (ENEL, 118 MW), Cernavod(Renovatio / EDPR, 138 MW), Galai county(Renovatio / EDPR, 100 MW), Mitoc (IWE, 100 MW),Bora (Alstrom, 56 MW), Topolog (Land Power, 168MW) and Casimcea (Martifer, 40 MW).

Energia eolian a ajuns s e pe primul loc printresursele de energie alternativ din Romnia. Potrivit

Autoritii Naionale de Reglementare n DomeniulEnergiei, capacitatea total a parcurilor eoliene

n funciune a crescut la 469 MW la sfritul luniimai 2011. Cel mai amplu proiect care urmeaz a implementat este parcul eolian din Fntnele iCogealac, construit de Grupul CEZ i care va nsumao capacitate de 600 MW.La momentul actual, cele mai importante proiectede energie eolian sunt: Fntnele (CEZ, 347,5MW), Casimcea, Topolog, Dieni (IMA PARTNERS +Verbund, 532 MW), judeul Tulcea (ENEL, 174 MW),zona Moldova i Dobrogea (PNE Wind, 200 MW),Cogealac (CEZ, 252,5 MW), Mihai Viteazu (Iberdrola,80 MW), judeul Constana (ENEL, 118 MW),Cernavod (Renovatio / EDPR, 138 MW), judeulGalai (Renovatio / EDPR, 100 MW), Mitoc (IWE, 100MW), Bora (Alstrom, 56 MW), Topolog (Land Power,168 MW) i Casimcea (Martifer, 40 MW).

The wind energy sector inRomania

Situaia sectorului de energieeolian n Romnia

3

Capacitatea instalaiilor de energie regenerabil din Romnia [MW] (n 2010)Capacity of renewable energy facilities in Romania [MW] (as of 2010)

Sursa: TranselectricaSource: Transelectrica

Energie eolian 290.045 MW / Wind energy 290,045 MWMini sau micro hidrocentrale n operare (pn la 10 MW) 274.439 MWMini or micro hydro plants in operation (up to 10 MW) 274,439 MWFotovoltaice 7 MW/ Photovoltaic 7 MWBiomas 112.115 MW / Biomass 112,115 MW

42,86 %

40,18 %

16,96 %

0,0001 %

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Romanias operational wind farms are mainly located inDobrogea, on the Black Sea coast, where average windspeeds can reach 7 m/s at an altitude of 100 m. The regionis at and sparsely populated, which makes it possible toinstall a large number of wind turbines. There are also twoother regions with a high wind power potential in Romania,namely: Moldova and Cara Severin (Banat).

Parcurile eoliene operaionale din Romnia sunt nprincipal situate n zona Dobrogea, pe coasta MriiNegre, unde viteza medie a vntului poate ajunge la7 m/s la o altitudine de 100 m. Zona este de cmpiei puin populat, ceea ce faciliteaz instalarea unuinumr mare de turbine eoliene. Pe lng acestea, nRomnia mai sunt dou regiuni cu potenial eolianridicat, i anume: Moldova i Cara Severin (Banat).

Harta mobilitii atmosferice n RomniaWind map in Romania

Parcuri eoliene n regiunile din RomniaWind farm capacity in main Romanian regions

Locaie / LocationCapaciate n perioada 2009-2013 /Capacity for the period 2009-2013

Dobrogea / Dobrogea 2 789

Moldova / Moldova 1 000,5

Banat / Banat 56

Diferite localiti-deja funcionale /Different localities-already running 17,1

Total / Total 3 862,6

Sursa: Site-ul Asociaiei Romne pentru Energie EolianSource: Romanian Wind Energy Association website

Sursa: Asociaia Romn pentru Energie EolianSource: Romanian Wind Energy Association

Prevederi legale

Legal regulation

CAPITOLPART

2

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Romanias New Civil Code1 (NCC) was approved in2009 and is expected to enter into force on 1 October20112. Compared with the Civil Code of 18643 (ACC)

currently in force, the NCC marks the most extensiveamendment of the ACC since its rst publication in1864. Due to the novelty of real estate related legalprovisions and the impact they might have on thedevelopment of a wind farm project, we provide asummary of the main amendments created by theNCC with respect to the matters mentioned below.

Right to dispose of real property

The rst stage when implementing an investmentproject is obtaining the land on which to erect awind farm. Under Romanian law, a building permitis needed to build any facility for the production ofenergy. The building permit is granted only if aspecic real right to the land on which the wind farmis to be erected is proved. Under Romanian lawthere are generally two ways for investors to hold thespecic in rem right required for a building permit: (i)an ownership title to the land or (ii) a similar right ofuse, which under Romanian Law is embodied in theso-called supercies right (drept de supercie).

Ownership right

The ownership right under Romanian law offers theowner an absolute right to use, encumber and sellthe real property without limitation in time. This alsoincludes the right to build on the real property.

While currently an ownership right may be provedby way of any attesting ownership documents, theNCC provides that the proof of ownership right to realestate subject to registration with the Land

This section will focus on the legal aspects of windenergy investments in Romania, as well as within theEuropean Union.The rst two parts deal with Romanian real estate,regulatory and environmental regulations applicable tothe construction and the operation of a wind farm. Thethird part places Romanian wind energy develop mentwithin the larger context of EU regulations.

Dreptul de a dispune de proprietate

Primul pas n implementarea unui proiect de investiiipentru un parc eolian l reprezint obinerea terenuluinecesar amplasrii parcului eolian. Conform dreptuluiromnesc, pentru construcia oricrei capacitienergetice este necesar obinerea unei autorizaii deconstruire. Aceast autorizaie de construire se acorddoar n baza unui drept real asupra terenului pe careurmeaz a construit capacitatea energetic. Astfel,investitorii care doresc s dezvolte un parc eolian

n Romnia, au n general dou modaliti pentrudobndirea dreptului real solicitat n vederea emiteriiautorizaiei de construire: (i) obinerea dreptului deproprietate asupra terenului sau (ii) obinerea unuidrept similar de folosin, denumit de ctre doctrin

drept de supercie.

Dreptul de proprietate

Conform dreptului romnesc, titularul dreptului deproprietate dispune de un drept absolut de a folosi ide a dispune de proprietatea sa, fr limitare n timp.

Acest drept l include i pe a cela de a dispune deproprietate prin edicarea unor construcii-structuripe aceasta.Dac n prezent dreptul de proprietate poate doveditprin orice nscris ce atest proprietatea, NCC prevedec dovada dreptului de proprietate asupra imobilelor

nscrise n cartea funciar, se va face cu extrasul de

Aceast seciune se concentreaz asupra aspectelorjuridice referitoare la investiii le n energie eoli an nRomnia, precum i n Uniunea European.Primele dou pri trateaz reglementrile legislaieiromneti cu privire la regimul juridic al imobilelor,la autorizaiile necesare i la legislaia de mediuaplicabile construciei i operrii unei centrale eoliene.Partea a treia situeaz dezvoltarea domeniuluienergiei eoliene n contextul mai larg al reglementriloreuropene.

Noul Cod Civil al Romniei1 (NCC) a fost aprobat n2009 i urmeaz s intre n vigoare la 1 Octombrie20112. n comparaie cu Codul Civil din 18643 (CC)

actualmente n vigoare, NCC marcheaz cea maiimportant modicare a CC de la publicarea sadin 1864. innd cont de noutatea unora dintrereglementrilor legale introduse de NCC i deimpactul pe care acestea l-ar putea avea cu privire ladezvoltarea unui parc eolian, n cuprinsul prezentuluidocument sunt menionate principalele modicriintroduse de NCC, cu limitare ns la aspectelecuprinse mai jos.

Preparation of the investmentproject and construction of awind farm

Pregtirea proiectului deinvestiie i construcia uneicentrale eoliene

1

.1

1.1

1 Legea nr. 287/2009 privind Codul Civil, publicat n Monitorul Ocial al Romniei, Partea I, nr.511, din 24 Iulie 20092 Legea nr. 71/2011 privind punerea n aplicare a Legii nr. 287/2009 privind Codul Civil, publicat

n Monitorul Ocial al Romniei, Partea I, nr. 409, din 10 Iunie 20113 Republicat n Broura din 26 Iulie 1993

1 Law No. 287/2009 on the civil code, published with Part I of the Ofcial Gazette in Romania,No. 511 dated 24 July 2009.2 Law No. 71/2011 regarding the implementation of Law No. 287/2009 on the civil code, pub-lished with Part I of the Ofcial Gazette, No. 409 dated 10 June 20113 Republished in Brochure dated 26 July 1993.

1.1.2

1.1.2.1

carte funciar4.Dobndirea dreptului de proprietate asupra tere-nurilor n Romnia este n prezent limitat persoanelorzice sau juridice romne. Cu toate acestea, striniipot deine n Romnia dreptul de proprietate asupraterenurilor prin intermediul unei societi nregistrate

n Romnia.

Dreptul de supercie

Dreptul de supercie const n:1. dreptul de a construi o cldire precum i orice

alt tip de structur pe deasupra sau n subsolulterenului deinut n proprietate de alt persoan;

2. dreptul de proprietate asupra cldirii sau oricruialt tip de structur i

3. dreptul de folosin asupra terenului pe care sea cldirea sau structura. Dreptul de superciepermite separarea ntre dreptul de proprietateasupra terenului i dreptul de proprietateasupra cldirii ori asupra altei structuri ridicate

pe deasupra sau n subsolul terenului aat nproprietatea altei persoane.Un drept de supercie se constituie de regul nbaza unui contract ncheiat pentru validitate, n formautentic.Iniial o creaie a doctrinei i a jurisprudenei, dreptulde supercie este acum exhaustiv reglementat deNCC. Dac n prezent un drept de supercie poate stabilit pe perioad nedeterminat, NCC limiteazdurata acestui drept la maximum 99 de ani, cuposibilitatea de prelungire.

n ciuda tuturor similitudinilor cu dreptul de proprietateasupra terenurilor, nu sunt impuse restricii strinilorcu privire la dobndirea unui drept de supercieasupra terenurilor n Romnia.

Dreptul de supercie vs. dreptul de folosin(locaiune)

Orice drept de supercie include dreptul de a folosisuprafaa de teren afectat de dreptul de supercie.Dac proprietarul unui teren acord unui ter dreptulde folosin n baza unui contract de locaiune ori

n baza altei convenii, terului nu i va permis,din punct de vedere legal, s construiasc pe acelteren. Cu alte cuvinte, autoritile competente nu voremite autorizaie de construire n baza unui drept de

folosin, obinut n baza unui contract de locaiune.Uzufructul

Potrivit legii romne, uzufructul este dreptul cuivade a se folosi i de a se bucura de proprietatea careaparine altei persoane, att timp ct nu se aduceatingere substanei proprietii. Uzufructul este undrept real asupra proprietii altuia, limitat ca durat.

Titularul unui uzufruct, cunoscut ca i uzufructuar, aredreptul de a folosi i de a se bucura de bun, i, deasemenea, de a obine prot din fructele bunului.Uzufructul poate constituit prin convenie ncheiat,pentru validitate, n form autentic.

4 Aceast prevedere va aplicabil doar dup ncheierea lucrrilor cadastrale pentru ecareunitate administrativ - teritorial.

4 This provision shall be applicable only after completion of the cadastral works for eachadministrative-territorial unit.

Register shall be made with the excerpt from theLand Register4.Direct access to ownership right to lands is currentlylimited to Romanian individuals or entities.Nevertheless, foreigners can hold ownership title tolands through a company registered in Romania.

Supercies right

A supercies right consists of:1. the right to erect a building or other kind of

structure on or under the land owned by anotherperson;

2. the ownership right over the building or other typeof structure; and

3. the right to use the land pertaining to the building(drept de folosinta). The supercies right allowsfor separation of the ownership to the land andthe ownership to the buildings or other kind ofstructures erected on or under the land that is

somebody elses property.A supercies right may be established by way ofagreement executed in notarised form for validitypurposes, under sanction of null ity.

Although initially a creation of legal scholars and thecourts of law, the supercies right is now exhaustivelyregulated under the NCC. While currently a superciesright may be established for an undetermined periodof time, the NCC limits its time period to a maximumof 99 years, with a prolongation option.Despite all legal similarities with the ownership rightover land, foreigners are in no way restricted fromdirectly holding such supercies rights.

Supercies right vs. right of use (lease)

Any supercies right includ es a right of use over theplot of land on which the supercies right is granted.If the owner of a piece of land grants to a third partyonly the right of use through a letting/lease or otherkind of agreement, the third party will not be allowedfrom a legal point of view to build any permanentstructure on that land. A third party whose right of useof the land is only based on a letting/lease agreement

will not be granted permits to build on that land.Usufruct

Pursuant to Romanian law, the usufruct is the legalright to use and derive prot or benet from propertythat belongs to another person, as long as thesubstance of the property is preserved.The usufruct is a real right of limited duration on theproperty of another.The holder of a usufruct, known as the usufructuary,has the right to use and enjoy the property, as wellas the right to receive prots from the fruits of theproperty.

1.1.3

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and minute of their registration applications8.

Issues that might impede/delay the investmentprocessPublic property

Under Romanian law, immovable goods held by theState and local authorities can be of two categories:they can belong to the public domain or to the privatedomain (domeniul public sau privat).The importance of knowing in which category the landneeded for a wind farm project falls into lays with thetype of agreement the land can be secured with for aproject as land in public domain can only be obtainedsubject to a concession agreement.

The question of how the local authorities can cho osetheir contract partners when granting rights over landis a very sensitive aspect. The sale, concession orleasing of the plots of land, part of the public or privatedomain of a town or village, are subject to a publictender procedure. The details of such procedures arenot yet completely claried; neither the statutes northe legal writings nor the case law provide a reliableset of rules as to how the local authorities shouldconduct such a public tender procedure. However,if the local authority grants rights to land to a partywithout conducting a public tender, the contractconcluded with such a party may be declared null andvoid. This would have a series of adverse effects onthe ownership over the structures built on the landand even on the authorisations and permits issued forthe building and operation of the wind farm.

Restitution claims/litigations affecting the lands

In the period 6 March 1945 to 22 December 1989,the Romanian State conscated/nationalised/expropriated real estate property without paying

adequate compensation to the owners, partly onthe basis of enacted laws, partly without any legalbasis. In order to correct such abnormalities and toopen up access to private property over land, theRomanian State enacted several laws, such as lawsNos. 18/19919, 1/200010 and 10/200111, as meansto regulate private ownership over land. Based onthese laws, individuals were able to le restitutionclaims requesting the reinstatement (reconstituire)of ownership titles to land owned by them or theirancestors prior to expropriation by the State. At the

lor n cartea funciar. nscrierile n cartea funciari vor produce efectele de la data nregistrriicererilor, inndu-se ns cont de data, ora i minutul

nregistrrii acestora8.

Situaii care ar putea mpiedica/ntrzia investiia

Proprietatea public

Conform dreptului romnesc, imobilele deinute destat i unitile administrativ-teritoriale fac parte dindou categorii: cele care aparin domeniului public icele ce aparin domeniului privat.Importana de a ti n care dintre aceste categorii esteinclus terenul necesar pentru construcia capacitiienergetice determin tipul de contract n baza cruiaterenul poate asigurat pentru dezvoltarea parculuieolian, avnd n vedere c terenurile deinute

n proprietate public pot obinute n vedereaexploatrii ntr-un astfel de scop n baza unui contractde concesiune.

ntrebarea cum i pot alege statul sau unitileadministrativ-teritoriale partenerii contractualicnd acord drepturi asupra terenurilor deinute

n proprietate este un subiect sensibil. Vnzarea,concesiunea sau nchirierea unor terenuri dindomeniului public sau privat al statului sau al unitiloradministrativ-teritoriale, sunt supuse procedurilor delicitaie public. Detaliile unor astfel de proceduri nuau fost pn n prezent complet claricate; legea,doctrina sau jurisprudena nu ofer un set de reguliclare cu privire la modalitatea n care autoritilepublice trebuie s organizeze astfel de proceduri delicitaie. Cu toate acestea, dac o autoritate publicacord unui ter drepturi asupra unui teren deinut

n proprietate public sau privat fr organizareaunei licitaii publice n acest sens, contractul astfel

ncheiat poate anulat de ctre instana de judecat.Aceast anulare ar produce o serie de efecte negativeasupra proprietii structurilor construite pe teren ichiar asupra autorizaiilor i avizelor emise pentruconstruirea i operarea parcului eolian.

Cereri de restituire/ litigii cu privire la terenuri

n perioada 6 martie 1945 22 decembrie 1989,uneorin baza unor legi, precum i parial fr vreobaz legal,statul romn a conscat / naionalizat /expropriat

anumite imobile fr a plti respectivilorproprietaridespgubiri (corespunztoare). Pentrua remediaaceste anormaliti i a facilita accesulasupraterenurilor proprietate privat, statul romn aadoptat o serie de legi cum ar Legea nr. 18/19919,Legea nr. 1/200010, Legea nr. 10/200111, pentrureglementarea proprietii private asupra terenurilor.Pe baza acestor legi, persoanele zice au pututprezenta cereri de restituire solicitnd reconstituireadreptului de proprietate asupra terenurilor deinutepersonal sau de ctre ascendenii lor nainte de a

.3

3.1

8 Prevederile NCC se vor aplica doar acelor contracte ncheiate/drepturi constituite dupintrarea n vigoare a NCC, respectiv 1 Octombrie 2011, i doar dup ce lucrrile cadastrale vor ncheiate pentru ecare unitate administrativ-teritorial.9 Legea nr. 18/1991 asupra fondului funciar, republicat n Monitorul Ocial, Partea I, nr. 1, din5 Ianuarie1998.10 Legea nr. 1/2000 pentru reconstituirea drepturilor de proprietate asupra terenurilor agricolei forestiere, solicitate potrivit prevederilor Legii nr. 18/1991 i Legii nr. 169/1997, publicat nMonitorul Ocial, Partea I, nr. 8, din 12 Ianuarie 1998.11 Legea nr. 10/2001 privind regimul juridic al unor imobile preluate abuziv n perioada 6 Martie1945 22 Decembrie 1989, republicat n Monitorul Ocial, Partea I, nr. 798, din 2 Septembrie2005.

8 These provisions of the NCC will apply only to those agreements executed /rights establishedafter the entry into force of the NCC, namely 1 October 2011, and only after the completion ofthe cadastral works for each administrative-territorial unit.9 Law No 18/1991 on agricultural land, published with Part I of the Ofcial Gazette No. 1 dated5 January 1998.10 Law No. 1/2000 regarding the reinstatement of the ownership right over the agriculturallands and forest lands, requested as per provisions of Law No. 18/199 and Law No. 169/1997,published with Part I of the Ofcial Gazette No. 8 dated 12 January 2000.11 Law No. 10/2001 on the legal regime of the immovable abusively taken over in the periodbetween 6 March 1945 and 22 December 1989, republished with Part I of the ofcial GazetteNo. 798 dated 2 September 2005.

3.2

expropriate de ctre statul romn. n acelai timp, lacererea persoanelor zice private sau societilor/asocierilor, au fost acordate n proprietate terenuri nbaza constituirii dreptului de proprietate.

Cu toate c perioada pentru depunerea cererilorde restituire a expirat (30 Noiembrie 2005), fotiiproprietari care pot dovedi un titlu mai puternic (maivechi) asupra unui teren pot contesta titlurile deproprietate nregistrate n prezent.

Avnd n vedere c este imposibil de identicat toateexproprierile/naionalizrile fcute n perioada 1945-1989 (e.g. din lipsa unor nregistrri corespunztoare,din cauza efecturii unor dezmembrri sau alipiriale terenurilor, etc.), pentru a evita riscuri viitoarecare ar putea ntrzia investiia, sunt recomandabileinvestigaii ociale la autoritile locale competente ncauz (cu privire la cererile de restituire nregistrate/depuse).

Aceleai investigaii sunt recomandate pentru averica dac terenurile sunt afectate de litigii care

ar putea avea un potenial impact asupra dezvoltriiparcului eolian.

Constituirea titlului de proprietate; interdicii

La ndeplinirea anumitor condiii preliminare,anumitor persoane li s-a acordat drept de proprietateprivat asupra terenurilor prin constituirea dreptuluide proprietate, chiar dac nu fuseser expropriai

n perioada comunist. Potrivit art. 32 din Legea nr18/1991 asupra fondului funciar, persoanelor crora lis-a constituit dreptul de proprietate asupra terenurilorle este interzis s vnd sau s transfere dreptul deproprietate asupra terenurilor respective timp de 10ani calculai de la nceputul anului urmtor anului

n care s-a nregistrat proprietatea. NCC a abrogatinterdicia de nstrinare menionat anterior.

nclcarea acestor interdicii este sancionat cunulitatea absolut a actelor de nstrinare, iarconstatarea nulitii poate cerut n justiie de ctreprimrie, prefectur, procuror, precum i de ctreorice alt persoan interesat.Pentru a aprecia dac aceast interdicie a fostrespectat, trebuie urmrit momentul de la careinterdicia de nstrinare ncepe s curg. Art. 32al Legii nr. 18/1991 prevede c termenul va ncepes curg la nceputul anului urmtor anului n care

s-a fcut nregistrarea proprietii. Doctrina coninenumeroase interpretri ale termenului nregistrarei implicit, ale datei la care interdicia de nstrinare

ncepe s curg. Riscul cu privire la acest aspecttrebuie evaluat individual n ecare proiect.

Regimul monumentelor istorice

Legea nr. 422/2001 privind protejarea monumenteloristorice12 denete monumentele istorice dreptimobile, construcii i terenuri13 situate pe teritoriulRomniei, semnicative pentru istoria, cultura icivilizaia naional i universal.

same time, land was distributed on request to privateindividuals or corporations by means of instatement(constituire) of titles to land.

Although the time period for initiating restitution claimshas expired (30 November 2005), former owners thatcan prove a stronger, i.e., older, title to a particularland may challenge currently registered titles.Since it is impossible to track down all expropriations/nationalisations made in the period 1945 through 1989(e.g., due to the lack of proper records, detachmentsand mergers of concerned plots, etc.), in order to avoidfuture risks that might delay the investment process,ofcial inquiries with the relevant local councils arerecommended (with a view to restitution claims led/deposited).

The same inquiries are recommended in order toverify whether the lands are affected by other

litigations that might have a potential impact on thedevelopment of the wind farm.

Instatement of ownership title; restrictions

Subject to certain preconditions, persons weregranted access to private property over land bymeans of instatement of titles to land, even if theyhad not been expropriated during the Communistera. Pursuant to Article 32 Law No. 18/1991 on landresources, certain persons whose ownership rightto a plot of land has been instated (constituit asopposed to reinstated, reconstituit) are not allowedto sell or otherwise transfer their ownership right tothe respective plot for a period of ten years calculatedas of the beginning of the year subsequent to the yearwhen their ownership was registered. NCC abolishedthe aforementioned alienation prohibition.Breach of such prohibition results in absolutely nulland void transfer documents (e.g., null and voidpurchase agreement) nullity that may be asserted atany time by the mayoralty, prefect and prosecutor, aswell as by any interested person.In order to assess whether the prohibition has beenobserved, attention must be paid to the date whenthe prohibition term starts to run. As Article 32 of LawNo. 18/1991 stipulates that the term shall run as of

the beginning of the year following registration ofownership, various interpretations of the meaning ofthe term registration and, implicitly, of the date whenthe prohibition term starts to run where developedby the legal scholars. The risks regarding this termshould be assessed in each project individually.

Historical monument status

Law No. 422/2001 on protection of historicalmonuments12 denes a historical monument asconstructions and lands13 situated in Romania thatare signicant for Romanian (and universal) history,culture and civilisation.

1.3.3

1.3.4

12 Publicat n Monitorul Ocial, partea I, nr. 938 din 20 Noiembrie 200613 Cu toate c aceast dispoziie legal poate interpretat ca aplicndu-se doar terenuriloraferente construciilor clasicate ca monumente istorice, n practic autoritile locale au consi-derat i parcele de teren libere ca ind monumente istorice.

12 Published with Part I of the Ofcial Gazette No. 938 dated 20 November 2006.13 Although this provision may well be interpreted as only applying to land corresponding toconstructions designated as historical monuments, in practice local authorities have also consid-ered empty plots of land (agricultural) as historical monuments.

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n cazul parcurilor eoliene, este necesar scoatereadin circuitul agricol numai a acelor suprafee directafectate de construcii (cum ar cele aferente fundaiilorturbinelor, staiei de transformare, cilor de acces, liniilorelectrice).

Prevederi cu privire la mediu

Evaluarea impactului asupra mediului (EIA)

Producerea de energie electric din surse eolieneeste calicat de legislaia romn drept o activitatecu potenial impact semnicativ asupra mediului.

Ageniile de mediu locale decid de la caz la caz ipe baza unor criterii specice (capacitate instalat,amplasament, emisii poluante, inclusiv poluarefonic) dac un parc eolian va avea impactsemnicativ asupra mediului, urmnd ca n acest cazs e solicitat o EIA.

n general, EIA este efectuat de ctre ag enia demediu competent. Durata necesar pentru emiterea

acordului de mediu conform legislaiei EIA este de45 de zile lucrtoare de la depunerea documentaieicomplete. n funcie de proiect, ntregul proces poatedura mai mult de 12 luni.

Protecia naturii i conservarea peisajului

Protecia naturii i conservarea peisajului constituieparte a procedurii EIA. Pentru proiecte eolienelocalizate n siturile Natura 2000 care nu se calicdrept proiecte cu impact semnicativ asupra mediului(nsemnnd c acordul de mediu nu este necesar)este necesar avizul Natura 2000. Avizul Natura 2000este emis de agenia competent pentru proteciamediului.

Racordarea la reea

n scopul de a racorda o central eolian la reeauapublic, este necesar emiterea unui aviz tehnic deracordare de ctre operatorul de distribuie sau dectre operatorul de transport, dup caz. Avizul tehnicde racordare este emis pe baza studiilor de conectareaprobate de ctre operatorii de reea. Accesul poate refuzat doar n cazul unei lipse de capacitate a reelei.

Avizul tehnic de racordare este valabil o perioad de25 de ani, cu condiia ca n trei sau 6 luni (n funciede tensiunea reelei electrice) de la emiterea avizuluis e semnat contractul de racordare cu operatorulde reea competent i s e pltit tariful de racordare.La cerere este posibil prelungirea acestei perioadecu nc 3 sau 6 luni. Tariful de racordare reprezintvaloarea lucrrilor de racordare; prin urmare, valoareapoate substanial.

nainte de nceperea construciei instalaiei deracordare i respectnd termenele limit de mai sus,se va semna un contract de racordare cu operatorulde reea. Scopul contractului de racordare este de adetermina termenii i condiiile construciei instalaieide racordare. Urmtoarele documente trebuie depusela operator:

In the case of wind parks, it will be necessary tochange the designation only for those surfacesdirectly affected by constructions (such as the surfaceof the foundations of the turbines, the transformerstation, access roads, electrical lines, etc.).

Environmental regulations

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Wind energy generation is qualied by the Romanianlegislation as an activity with potentially signicantimpact on the environment. The local environmentalagencies decide on a case-by-case basis and afterconsidering specic criteria (installed capacity,location, polluting emissions, including noise)whether a wind park will have a signicant impact onthe environment, with the consequence that in suchcases an EIA shall be required. Generally, the EIAwill be conducted by the competent environmentalagency. The timeframe for the issuance of the

environmental approval (acord de mediu) inaccordance with EIA applicable regulations is 45working days upon submission of the completedocumentation. Depending on the project, however,the overall process may take more than 12 months.

Nature protection and landscape conservation

Nature protection and landscape conservation arepart of the EIA procedure. For wind projects locatedon Natura 2000 sites that do not qualify as projectswith a signicant impact on the envi ronment (meaningthat an environmental approval shall not be required)a Natura 2000 permit (aviz natura 2000) is needed.The Natura 2000 permit is issued by the competentenvironmental protection agency.

Grid connection

With a view to connect a wind farm to the publicgrid, a technical connection permit (aviz tehnic deracordare) should be issued by the distribution systemoperator or by the transmission system operator, asapplicable. The technical connection permit is issuedon the basis of connectivity studies approved by thenetwork operators. Access can only be denied in theevent of lack of grid capacity.

The technical connection permit is valid for 25 years,provided that within three or six months (dependingon the voltage of the electrical lines) of the issuanceof the permit, the connection agreement is signed withthe competent network operator and the connectionfee is paid. A three or six-month extension period isavailable upon request.The connection fee represents the value of theconnection works; hence the value may be substantial.Prior to starting construction of the connectioninstallations and observing the above deadlines, aconnection agreement (contract de racordare) shallbe signed with the network operator. The purpose ofthe connection agreement is to determine the termsand conditions of the construction of the connectioninstallations. The following documents must besubmitted to the operator:

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7.1

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1. copie a avizului tehnic de racordare;2. copie a certicatului de nregistrare la Registrul

Comerului;3. autorizaia de construire a parcului eolian;4. acordurile proprietarilor de terenuri cu privire la

trecerea sau ocuparea acestora, precum i cuprivire la exercitarea drepturilor de uz i servitutede ctre operator asupra suprafeelor de terenafectate de instalaia de racordare (originaleautenticate de un notar public).

Operatorul este obligat s propun utilizatorului uncontract de racordare n termen de cel mult zece zilecalendaristice de la depunerea documentelor.

ncheierea contractului de racordare este urmat dencheierea unui contract pentru execuia instalaiei deracordare ntre operatorul de reea i un ter ce po ate desemnat de ctre utili zator.

Autorizaia de ninare

Autorizaia de ninare este independent deautorizaia de construire i este necesar pentrucapaciti energetice cu o capacitate instalat de peste1 MW.

Autorizaia de ninare se emite de ctre AutoritateaNaional de Reglementare n domeniul Energiei(ANRE) n termen de 30 de zile calendaristice dela depunerea documentaiei complete i plata taxeicorespunztoare. Valabilitatea acestei autorizaii sestabilete de ctre ANRE n conformitate cu durataestimat a lucrrilor de construire i cu complexitateaproiectului.

Autorizaia de ninare este necesar ntr-o etapavansat a procesului de dezvoltare, i anume dupemiterea acordului de mediu (dac este necesar) i aavizului tehnic de racordare. Suplimentar, solicitantultrebuie s pun la dispoziie, printre altele, urmtoareledocumente: (i) titlul asupra terenului ; (ii) noticrilectre terii afectai de drepturile de uz i servitute asupraproprietii lor; (iii) o list cu drepturile de uz i servitutesolicitate; (iv) studiul de fezabilitate; (v) documentelecare atest asigurarea nanrii construciei; (vi) planulde amplasament al proiectului; (vii) limitele zonelorde protecie i siguran; (viii) o specicaie cu privirela etapele lucrrilor de ninare; i (ix) extrase dincaietele de sarcini aferente selectrii ori de copii alecontractelor ncheiate cu contractorii angajai.

n urma obinerii autorizaiei de ninare, parcul eolianva benecia de diferite drepturi legale asupra proprietiiterilor necesare fazelor de dezvoltare i construire aparcului eolian. Ar putea menionate dreptul legal deservitute pentru liniile electrice sau dreptul legal de uzpentru depozitarea materialelor de construcie.

1. copy of the technical connection permit;2. copy of the registration certicate with the Trade

Registry;3. building permit for the wind park;4. approvals of the land owners to occupy or cross a

plot of land and for exercise by the operator of theuse and easement rights over the plots of landaffected by the connection installation (originalsauthenticated by a notary public).

The operator is obliged to propose a draftconnection agreement to the user within maximumten calendar days from the submission of thedocuments.The conclusion of the connection agreement isfollowed by the conclusion of an agreement for theexecution of the connection installation betweenthe network operator and a third party that may bedesignated by the user.

Setting-up authorisation

The setting-up authorisation (autorizatie de inintare)is independent from the building permit and is requiredfor the construction of energetic capacities with aninstalled capacity above 1 MW.The setting-up authorisation is issued by the RomanianEnergy Regulatory Authority (ANRE) within 30calendar days from the submission of the completedocumentation and payment of the corresponding fee.The validity term of this permit is set forth by ANREin accordance with the expected duration of theconstruction works and the complexity of the project.

The setting-up authorisation is required in an advancedstage of the development process, after the issuanceof the environmental approval (if required) and thetechnical connection permit. In addition, the applicantmust provide, among other things, the followingdocuments: (i) title to the land; (ii) notications tothird parties affected by the applicants use andeasement rights on their property; (iii) a list of therequested use and easement rights; (iv) feasibilitystudy; (v) documents attesting that the nancing ofthe construction is secured; (vi) the location plan ofthe project; (vii) the limits of the protection and safetyareas; (viii) a specication regarding the stages of thesetting-up works; and (ix) excerpts from the tenderbooks or copies of the agreements concluded with the

designated contractors.Upon obtaining the setting-up authorisation, the windpark will enjoy various statutory rights over third-partyproperty required for the development and constructionof the wind park. The statutory easement rights forthe electrical lines or the statutory rights of use fordepositing construction materials should be mentioned.

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nainte de a deveni operaional, este necesar olicen de exploatare a capacitii energetice emisde ctre autoritatea de reglementare n domeniulenergiei, precum i autorizaia de mediu.

Prior to becoming operational, a wind farm shouldbe granted an operational licence by the energyregulator, as well as an environmental authorisation.

Operation licence

For the operation of a wind park, an operationlicence (licena pentru exploatarea comercial aunor capaciti de producere a energiei electrice) isrequired and should be obtained after the wind parkis commissioned and prior to the commencement ofcommercial operations.The applicant must submit detailed documentation asfollows: (i) specication of the electricity productioncapacities; (ii) the applicants organisational chart,valid on the application date, indicating the departmentin charge of the performance of the licensed activity;

(iii) an organisational chart attes-ting the qualicationof personnel allocated to the licensed activity; (iv)the organisation and functioning regulations or thequality management manual; (v) a business plan forthe licensed activity, for the respective year and forthe next two years; (vi) the reception protocol uponcompletion of works; and (vii) the reception protocolfor the commissioning into function of the energeticcapacity.The operation licence is issued by ANRE 30calendar days after the submission of the completedocumentation and payment of the correspondingfee.The validity term of an operation licence shall notexceed 25 years.Licence holders shall constitute and maintain anancial guarantee representing 1 of the value ofthe share capital of the licence holder, however, noless than 1.5% of the annual turnover.Licence holders pay to ANRE an annual contributionrepresenting 0.06% of the turnover resulting from thecommercial activities performed in the electric energyeld.

Environmental

An environmental authorisation (autorizaie de mediu)should be obtained from the local environmentalprotection agency upon the commissioning intofunction of the wind farm. The environmentalauthorisation determines the environmentalconditions and parameters for the functioning of theobjective.

Sale of energy

In order to benet from the support schemefor renewable energy and from certain tradingadvantages, renewable electricity producers shouldbe qualied by ANRE. Qualication may be donegradually for each commissioned electrical group.Once the producers qualify, the next step is to getregistered with the transport and system operator(Operatorul de Transport i de Sistem CNTRANSELECTRICA SA TSO).

Licena de exploatare

Pentru operarea unui parc eolian este necesaro licen pentru exploatarea comercial a uneicapaciti de producere a energiei electrice caretrebuie obinut dup punerea n funciune i anterior

nceperii operaiunilor comerciale.Solicitantul trebuie s depun o documentaiedetaliat dup cum urmeaz: (i) specicareacapacitilor de producie; (ii) organigrama solici-tantului, valabil la data solicitrii licenei, indicnddepartamentul responsabil cu desfurareaactivitii pentru care se solicit licena; (iii) structura

personalului, pe specialiti, care atest calicareapersonalului alocat activitii pentru care se solicitlicena; (iv) regulamentul de organizare i funcionaresau manualul calitii; (v) un plan de afaceri pentruactivitatea care face obiectul licenei, pentru anulsolicitrii acesteia i urmtorii doi ani; (vi) procesverbal de recepie la terminarea lucrrilor; i (vii)proces verbal de punere n funciune a capacitiienergetice.Licena de exploatare este emis de ctre ANRE n 30de zile calendaristice de la depunerea documentaieicomplete i plata taxei corespunztoare.Termenul de valabilitate a licenei de exploatare nutrebuie s depeasc 25 de ani.Titularii de licene trebuie s constituie i s menino garanie nanciar care s reprezinte 1 dinvaloarea capitalului social al titularului de licen, darnu mai puin de 1,5% din valoarea cifrei de afacerianuale.Titularii de licen pltesc ctre ANRE o contribuieanual reprezentnd 0,06% din cifra de afacerirezultat din activitile comerciale desfurate ndomeniul energiei electrice.

Mediu

O autorizaie de mediu trebuie obinut de la agenialocal de protecie a mediului la punerea n funciunea centralei eoliene. Autorizaia de mediu determincondiiile i parametrii de funcionare ai obiectivului.

Vnzarea de energie

Pentru a benecia de sistemul de promovare aproducerii energiei din surse regenerabile i deanumite avantaje comerciale, productorii de energieelectric regenerabil trebuie calicai de ANRE.Calicarea poate fcut gradual pentru ecaregrup electric pus n funciune. Din momentul n careproductorii sunt calicai, urmtorul pas este de a se

nregistra la operatorul de transport i de sistem CNTRANSELECTRICA SA(OTS).

Operarea centralei eol iene Wind farm operation2

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2.3

Sistemul de promovare itranzacionarea certicatelorverzi

Support scheme and greencerticates trading

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n urma calicrii, energia din resurse regenerabile(E-SRE) poate vndut:1. n baza unor contracte bilaterale ctre furnizori

de electricitate sau ctre consumatori eligibili;2. n baza unor contracte bilaterale ncheiate cu

societi de distribuie/furnizare de electricitatecare au ncheiat contracte de concesiuneexclusive i care sunt obligate legal s cumpereE-SRE de la productorii racordai la reelelede distribuie din zona delimitat de licen, lapreuri reglementate de ctre ANRE i la cerereaproductorilor respectivi; sau

3. pe piaa pentru ziua urmtoare (PZU).nregistrarea i tranzacionarea pe PZU suntopionale. Pentru a nregistrat ca participant pePZU, titularii de licene trebuie s dovedeascoperatorului pieei (OPCOM SA) c s-a transferatresponsabilitatea echilibrrii ctre o alt parteresponsabil cu echilibrarea.

Remarci generale cu privire la sistemul depromovare

n anul 2005 Romnia a implementat sistemulde promovare pentru energia regenerabil carepresupune o cot obligatorie combinat cutranzacionarea de certicate verzi (CV). Contrarrspnditului sistem de pre x, sistemul depromovare prin CV este relativ nou i utilizat n prezent

n cteva ri din Uniunea European, precum Belgia,Marea Britanie, Polonia, Suedia, Italia (unde preurilexe sunt aplicabile energiei fotovoltaice) i Romnia.Sistemul iniial a fost ulterior dezvoltat n 2008,cnd Legea 220/2008 pentru stabilirea sistemuluide promovare a producerii energiei din surseregenerabile de energie (Legea 220/2008) a fostpublicat, i n 2010 cnd s-au fcut modicrimajore. Sistemul de promovare mbuntit legiferatprin Legea 220/2008 a fost supus vericrii de ctreUE pentru conformitate cu prevederile legislaieicomunitare privind ajutorul de stat. Decizia Comisiei afost recent emis i urmeaz a publicat n JurnalulOcial al Uniunii Europene.Pn la intrarea n vigoare a deciziei Comisiei, seaplic prevederile anterioare implementate n 2005.

ntruct prevederile anterioare nu vor mai n vigoareo dat cu autorizarea de ctre Comisia Europeana sistemului prevzut de Legea 220/2008, aceastseciune se bazeaz pe prevederile Legii 220/2008.

Beneciarii sistemului de CV

De sistemul de CV beneciaz productorii deenergie care folosesc surse de energie regenerabil.Energia eolian este considerat o surs de energieregenerabil. Productorii de energie regenerabilcare folosesc sursa eolian vor primi (n baza Legii

Following qualication, energy from renewablesources (E-RES) may be sold:1. by means of bilateral contracts, to electricity

suppliers or eligible consumers;2. by means of bilateral contracts concluded with

electricity distribution/supply companies that haveconcluded exclusive concession agreements andare legally bound to purchase the E-RES fromproducers connected to the distribution networksof the territory provided in the licence, for a priceregulated by ANRE and at the request of therespective producers; or

3. on the day-ahead market (DAM).Registration and trading on the DAM are optional. Inorder to be registered as a DAM participant, the licenceholders must prove to the market operator (OPCOMSA) that the transfer of the balance responsibility tothe other balancing responsible parties has beenregistered.

General remarks on the support scheme

In 2005 Romania implemented a support schemefor renewable energy that entails a quota obligationcombined with trading of green certicates (GCs).

As opposed to the widespread feed-in tariff system,the GCs support scheme is relatively new and iscurrently used in several EU countries, includingBelgium, the UK, Poland, Sweden, Italy (where feed-in-tariffs are applicable for photovoltaic energy) andRomania.The initial system was further developed in 2008,

when Act No. 220/2008 on the promotion system forenergy generation from renewable energy (Act No.220/2008) was published, and in 2010 when majoramendments were made. The improved supportscheme provided for in Act No. 220/2008 was underEU scrutiny for compliance with the state-aid regime.The Commissions decision was recently issued andit currently awaits publication in the Ofcial Journal ofthe European Union.Until the Commissions decision becomes applicable,the former regulations implemented in 2005 apply.

As these former regulations will no longer be in forceas of the authorisation by the EU Commission of thesystem regulated by Act No. 220/2008, this sectionshall be based on the provisions of Act No. 220/2008.

Beneciaries of the GCs system

The GCs system benets energy producers thatuse renewable energy sources. Wind energy isconsidered a renewable energy source.Renewable energy producers that use wind powershall receive (on the basis of Act No. 220/2008) two

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Obligaia se refer la noticarea unei documentaiispecice care s permit Comisiei Europene oanaliz asupra proiectului, conform prevederilororientrilor comunitare privind ajutorul de statpentru protecia mediului 2008/C82/01.

Cu toate acestea, seciunea de fa nu a avut n vederemodicrile de mai sus, date ind incertitudineaformei lor nale i dezbaterile publice.

and that are eligible for the support scheme.The obligation consists in notifying certaindocumentation for allowing the EU Commissionto analyse the respective project, pursuant to theprovisions of the Community Guidelines on stateaid for environmental protection 2008/C82/01.

This section, however, did not consider the aboveamendments, given the uncertainty of their nal formand the public debate.

Legislaia Uniunii Europeneprivind industria energiei eoliene

European Union law as regardsthe wind energy industry

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Directiva pentru energie regenerabil (Directiva2009/28/CE de modicare i ulterior de abrogare aDirectivei 2001/77/CE privind promovarea electricitiiproduse din surse de energie regenerabile pepiaa intern a electricitii) promoveaz obiectivestrategice cu scopul de a crete semnicativ produciade energie regenerabil la nivel european. Directivaprevede un obiectiv obligatoriu n conformitate cu opondere de 20% a E-SRE din consumul brut la nivelcomunitar care trebuie ndeplinit pn n anul 2020,precum i un alt obiectiv naional privind o ponderede 10% a E-SRE n transporturi.

Pentru a ndeplini obiectivele generale, Directivaimpune ecrui stat membru obiective naionale.Romniei i s-a stabilit un ambiios obiectiv obligatoriuprivind o pondere de 24% a E-SRE din consumul nalbrut de energie pn n anul 2020.

The Renewable Energy Directive (Directive 2009/28/EC amending and repealing Directive 2001/77/EC on the promotion of electricity produced fromrenewable energy sources on the internal electricitymarket) promotes strategic objectives aimed atsignicantly increasing the production of renewableenergy at the Community level. The Directive sets amandatory target of 20% of the share of E-RES in theCommunitys gross consumption to be reached by2020, including a further target of 10% for E-RES foreach Member States transport energy consumption.

In order to achieve the overall targets, the Directiveimposes national targets for each Member State.Romania has been set an ambitious mandatorytarget of 24% energy from renewable sources in thenal gross consumption of energy by 2020.

Surse de nanare ainvestiiilor n energiaeolian

Sources of nancingfor wind investment

CAPITOLPART

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ANRE ateapt decizia UE pentru a redactalegislaia secundar, care va permite intrarea nvigoare a legii de sprijinire a investiiilor n energiiregenerabile(c) Lipsa tradiiei privind dezvoltarea cu succes ioperarea proiectelor de energie regenerabil nRomnia Energia regenerabil este o industriedestul de nou n Romnia (excepie fcndenergia hidroelectric), care implic tehnologiinoi/care se dezvolt rapid, stimulnd astfel riscurinoi n ceea ce privete tehnologia i operarea,att pentru dezvoltatori ct i pentru nanatori.Elementele cheie pentru nanarea proiectelorsunt estimarea precis a uxului de numerar,identicarea i estimarea riscurilor i alocareaacestora. Estimarea riscurilor se bazeaz pe oserie dinamic de date prevzute de proiecteleexistente/funcionale, iar lipsa acestora constituieun obstacol pentru nanator. Succesul nanriiunui proiect de energie regenerabil reprezintmodalitatea n care banca aloc riscurile terilor(ndeosebi, oferind servicii specializate de EPC,estimri ale ctigurilor din energie eolian/hidroelectric, monitorizarea/supervizareacosturilor proiectului i a vnzrii energieiproduse).

the EU decision to draft the secondary legislationallowing the enactment of the law.

(c) So far non-existing track record in Romaniaof successful development and operation ofrenewable energy projects The renewableenergy is quite a new industry for Romania(except for hydropower) involving novel/fastdeveloping technology and consequently fuellingnew technology and operational risks for bothdevelopers and nanciers. The key in projectnance is in precise estimation of cash ow, riskidentication and assessment and risk allocation.The risk assessment is based on a time seriesof data provided by existing/operating projectsand the lack of such reduces the appetite fromthe nancier. The success of renewable energyproject nance is the way the bank allocatesthe risks to third parties (especially providingspecialised EPC services, wind/hydropoweryields estimates/measurements, project costmonitoring/supervising, output off-taking).

National FundsFonduri Naionale2Ca o alternativ la programele UE, se potaccesa fonduri i prin intermediul Programuluiprivind creterea produciei de energie din surseregenerabile; Ghidul de nanare a acestui Programa fost aprobat prin Ordinul nr. 714/2010, elaborat deMinisterul Mediului i Pdurilor. Astfel de fonduri suntestimate la peste 100 milioane de euro pe an.Finanarea este acordat pn la 50% din valoareatotal eligibil a proiectului, pentru companii cedezvolt parcuri eoliene n Romnia, cu excepiaproiectelor n Bucureti i jude ul Ilfov, unde nanareamaxim este de 40%.Suma maxim care poate acordat este de 30 demilioane de RON pentru ecare proiect.Catalogul costurilor eligibile pentru subveniieste similar cu cel al programelor conanate deUE (EAFRD) i cuprinde n special urmtoarele:costurile aferente tuturor tipurilor de planicritehnice; lucrarea la construcii i instalaii; achiziiaechipamentului; organizarea amplasamentuluicldirii; certicarea, licenierea, know-how + soluiitehnice nenregistrate i costurile aferente proiectelorlegate de management, informaii i audit. Cheltuielileefectuate pentru achiziia de active corporale sunteligibile dac activele achiziionate sunt noi.Toate programele subvenionate att cele ale UEct i cele naionale impun societii solicitanteun studiu detaliat despre fezabilitatea proiectului dinpunct de vedere tehnic i economic. Pentru a aveaanse reale de a benecia de fonduri, la depunereaactelor proiectul trebuie s dein autorizaia deconstrucie.

As an al ternative to the EU-programmes, funds c analso be accessed through the Romanian Programmeregarding increase in power from renewable sources;the nancing guide to this Programme has beenapproved by Order No. 714/2010, issued by theMinistry of Environment and Forests. Such funds areestimated at over EUR 100 milli on per year.Financing is granted for up to 50% of the total eligiblevalue of the project for companies developing windparks in Romania, with the exception of projectsin Bucharest and Ilfov county region, where themaximum nancing is 40%.The maximum amount of funds that can be granted isRON 30 million per each project.The catalogue of costs eligible for aid is similar tothat for the programmes co-nanced by the EU(EAFRD) and comprises the following in particular:costs for all types of technical planning; constructionand installation works; purchase of equipment;organisation of the building site; purchase of patents,licenses, know-how + non-registered technicalsolutions and costs for project related management,information and auditing. The expenses incurred forthe acquisition of tangible assets are eligible for newassets only.

All funded programmes EU as well as nationalprogrammes require that the company applyingfor funds prepare a detailed feasibility study on thetechnical and economic aspects of the project. Tohave a realistic chance of receiving funding, theproject should already have acquired a buildingpermit on submission of the documents.

UniCredit Leasing Corporation (UCL) nanced windenergy projects for the rst time on the Romanianleasing market when it granted nancing for twowind farms: one of EUR 22 million and another ofapproximately EUR 12 million.

There are currently seven renewable energy projectssubject to evaluation by UniCredit Leasing, and ofthese ve are wind power related.The general nancing structure is as follows: Clients own nancing: minimum 20%

Period: maximum 15 years Main criterion: the cash ow generated by theproject

The Romanian Commercial Bank (BCR) concludeda nancing agreement amounting to EUR 23 millionwith an industrial multinational group for developmentof a 42 MW wind park in the south-east of Romania.

The European Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment (EBRD) granted a loan of EUR 10million to Raiffeisen Bank Romania in order to nancesustainable efciency projects on energy generationdeveloped by local companies. This loan is part ofthe EU/EBRD Financing Facility related to powerefciency and will be used to support investment inefcient energy implemented by local companiesthrough long term loans each amounting to EUR2.5 million. According to EBRD, loans provided bythe bank will be complemented by EU grants fortechnical assistance and payment incentives for nalconsumers, thus promoting investment in sustainableenergy.

The European Investment Bank (EIB) granted aloan of EUR 200 million at the end of 2010 in orderto nance development of a wind park locatedin Fntnele in the Dobrogea region. The fundsfrom the EIB will be used to conance the design,construction, commissioning and operation worksrelated to the wind park as well as the c onstruction ofpower transformers and grid connections.The project is developed by an energy producer withthe Czech government as the majority shareholderthat will implement the project through its Romaniansubsidiaries.

UniCredit Leasing Corporation (UCL) a nanatproiecte de energie eolian pentru prima dat pepiaa de leasing romneasc, o dat cu nanareapentru dou parcuri eoliene: una de 22 de milioanede euro i cealalt de aproximativ 12 milioane deeuro.

n prezent sunt apte proiecte de energie regenerabil,supuse evalurii de ctre UniCredit Leasing, dintrecare cinci sunt pentru energie eolian.Stuctura general de nanare este urmtoarea: Finanarea clientului: minimum 20%

Perioada: maximum 1

96149603-Wind-Energy-2011

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