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tertiary Amyl Methyl Ether(TAME)

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May 1994

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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I SUMMARY 1

A. TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 1

1. Isoamylene Sources 1

2. Process Technology 2

(a) Feed Pretreatment 2

(b) TAME Processes 3

(c) MTBE/TAME Coproduction 4

3. Economics 4

B. MARKETING ANALYSIS 61. TAME Applications 6

2. TAME Capacity 6

3. MTBE/TAME Supply and Demand 7

I I TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 13

A. CHEMISTRY 13

B. ISOAMYLENE SOURCES 18

1. Refinery Fluid Catalytic Cracker Unit 18

2. Steam Cracker Complex 203. Feed Preparation 21

(a) Selective Hydrogenation 21

(b) Isomerization 24

C. TAME PROCESSES 29

1. CDTECH 29

(a) CDTAME 29

(b) CDETHEROL 32

(c) CDISOTAME 33

2. UOP 35

3. IFP 38

4. ARCO 40

5. Other 41

6. MTBE/TAME Coproduction 44

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Continued)

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D. ECONOMICS 45

1. Basis 45

(a) Feedstock Evaluation 45

(1) Utility Costs 46

(2) Methanol 46

(3) FCC C4s and C5s 47

(b) Investment Basis 47

(c) Production Cost Basis 49

2. Production Cost 50

(a) TAME 50

(b) MTBE 50

(c) MTBE/TAME Coproduction 54

3. Sensitivities 56

I I I MARKET ANALYSIS 60

A. APPLICATIONS 60B. CAPACITY 60

1. United States 60

2. Western Europe 62

3. East Asia 62

4. Latin America and the Caribbean 64

C. SUPPLY AND DEMAND 65

1. Demand 65

(a) United States 66

(b) Other Regions 702. Production 70

D. GLOBAL TRADE 74

REFERENCES 75


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TABLES

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Table I.A.1 U.S. Gulf Coast TAME, MTBE, and MTBE/TAME Production

Costs 5Table I.B.1 Global MTBE and TAME Demand 12

Table II.A.1 Gasoline Blending Properties of Oxygenates 16

Table II.A.2 C5 Octanes and Vapor Pressures 16

Table II.B.1 Overall FCC Yield Pattern 19

Table II.B.2 Effect of Cracker Feedstock and Operating Severity on

Pygas and C5 Production 21

Table II.B.3 Typical Performance of a C5 Selective Hydrogenation Unit 24

Table II.B.4 Overall Mass Balance of TAME Production with and without

Pentesom 28

Table II.D.1 TAME Price Basis, 1993 46

Table II.D.2 U.S. Gulf Coast TAME, MTBE, and MTBE/TAME Production

Investment Costs, 1993 49

Table II.D.3 Cost Estimate of TAME Production: Depentanizer, SHP,

TAME Synthesis 51

Table II.D.4 Cost Estimate of MTBE Production: MTBE Synthesis 52

Table II.D.5 Cost Estimate of MTBE/TAME Production: MTBE/TAME

Coproduction 53

Table II.D.6 Cost of U.S. Gulf Coast TAME and MTBE Production, 1993 54

Table III.B.1 U.S. TAME Capacity, 1994 61

Table III.B.2 Planned U.S. TAME Capacity 61

Table III.B.3 West European TAME Capacity 62

Table III.B.4 Projected Gasoline Lead Levels in Other Asian Countries 63

Table III.B.5 East Asian TAME Capacity 64

Table III.B.6 Planned Latin American TAME Capacity 64

Table III.C.1 Global MTBE and TAME Demand 66

Table III.C.2 Global MTBE Capacity/Production 72


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FIGURES

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Figure I.B.1 Global MTBE Demand 8

Figure I.B.2 Global MTBE Supply 10Figure I.B.3 Global MTBE Net Trade 11

Figure II.B.1 C5 Selective Hydrogenation: Flow Diagram 23

Figure II.B.2 Olefin Isomerization: Flow Diagram 26

Figure II.B.3 Integration of Pentesom and Ethermax Processes 27

Figure II.C.1 Flow Diagram of CDTech TAME Process 30

Figure II.C.2 Flow Diagram of CDEtherol Process 34

Figure II.C.3 Flow Diagram of CDIsotame Process 36

Figure II.C.4 Flow Diagram of Ethermax TAME Process 37Figure II.C.5 Flow Diagram of IFP TAME Process 39

Figure II.C.6 Flow Diagram of Hls's TAME Process 42

Figure II.D.1 Ether Cost of Production 55

Figure II.D.2 Sensitivity of U.S. Gulf Coast TAME Production Costs to

Economy of Scale, 3rd Qtr 1993 57

Figure II.D.3 Sensitivity of U.S. Gulf Coast TAME Production to Return

on Investment, 3rd Qtr 1993 58

Figure II.D.4 Sensitivity of U.S. Gulf Coast Ether Production to Olefin

Cost, 3rd Qtr 1993 59

Figure III.C.1 Global MTBE Demand 67

Figure III.C.2 U.S. Oxygenate Use 69

Figure III.C.3 Global MTBE Supply 71

Figure III.C.4 Global MTBE Operating Rate 73

Figure III.D.1 Global MTBE Net Trade 74


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