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Transcript of (91754024) fluorite
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38 Fluorite
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b quart&. 'he rich purple colour is b far
the most famous and popular colour. Iteasil competes with the beautiful purple of
amethst. It is an important commercial
source of fluorine. Fluorite plas a vital role
in the manufacture of aluminium, gasoline,
insulating foams, refrigerants, steel and
uranium fuel.
ainl two grades of fluorite are
involved in consumption and trade, namel,
the acid grade
categor and %.*+ million tonnes under
remaining resources categor. 'he reservesare further classified into #.+# million tonnes
under proved categor and ." million
tonnes under probable categor.
- tates, /u0arat accounts for *1 of
the total resources having %".*" million
tonnes, followed b a0asthan with +.23million tonnes (21), Chhattisgarh .++
million tonnes ("1) and aharashtra .3+
million tonnes (21). 'he resources are
further classified into marketable grade
which accounted for (#21) of the total
resources, low grade (%1) and unclassifiedgrade (21) ('able$%).
PRODUCTION, STOCKS &containing more than *41 CaF and the sub$acidF
567I
RESOURCES
9s per the 6;FC sstem, the total
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PRICES
'he production of fluorite (total) at%",4#2 tonnes in 2*$% increased
considerabl b "#1 as compared to *,**
tonnes in the previous ear. 'he production
of fluorite (graded) was 3,** tonnes and that
of fluorite (concentrates) #,4# tonnes
during the ear under review.
'here were three reporting mines in
2*$%. 'he entire output was reported
from public sector. Fluorite (graded) was
reported from aharashtra
< a0asthan and concentrate from /u0aratonl
('ables $ 2 to3).
'he mine$head stock of fluorite at the
end of the ear 2*$% were ",#++ tonnes as
against %,""3 tonnes at the beginning of the
ear ('able $ +).
'he average dail labour emploed in
fluorite mines in 2*$% was % as against
%2 in the previous ear. 'he domestic prices
of fluorite are furnished in the /eneral
eview on =:rices=.
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Table 1 : Reer!e"Reour#e o$ Fluorite a o%
1'2(() *+ -ra.e"State/ (Intonnes)
eserves
emaining resources
'otal
"#$2F567I'8
/rade>tate :roved :robable 'otal Feasibilit :re$feasibilit easured Indicated
Inferred econnaissance 'otal resources
'?%%% (9) '?2%% '?""% '?""2 '?"""
'?""3 (-) (9@-) '?%2%'?%22 '?22% '?222
0ll I%.ia : Total 8)8)12' 1)222 '3'8) 213831 )88 ')(18 22'18 113833 ')(118))2 1')183 1()1838 2(1)
+ -ra.e
5ow $ $ $ $ $ "4* *# %4%"3#33+ %" $ "%*3#% "%*3#%
arketable #+#+%23
*4 2
"4* + #*24*% +# #*
33"4#
2%33*#
$ ""+
#"2+23
%3+%#"
44"#%22
%3*%"
6nclassified $ %+++2
%+++2 $ $ $ "3#+ %+4+
2+
$ 332"
"++2
+ State
Chhattisgarh $ $ $ $ +##* %+"%"2 *2## %#+3#+ ++4" %2## $ +3+3++ +3+3++
/u0arat 4"#3 $ 2% 4#3 $ $ +42"" $ $ ""4*2 $ %2# %"*2+2#
aharasht ra 2#4*4+ $ 3% "+24+ $ $ $ $ $ % $ % 3+24+
a0astha n """* %+222 %**22+ **44+ $ 2*4" 3*%+" %+2#"3# 3#*3## %2*"+%* %3+%#" 323+%" +232#+*
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Figures rounded off.
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F567I'8
Table 2 : Pro.u#er o$ Fluorite, 2((41(
;ame and address of producer5ocation of mine
tate ?istrict
/u0arat ineral ?evlopment /u0arat Aadodara
Corporation 5td, Bhani0 -hawan,
%"2Ft. ing oad, Aastrapur, 9hmedabad,
/u0arat.
aharashtra tate ining Corporation 5td, aharashtra Chandrapur
:lot ;o. 4, 90ni Chowk,
ardha oad, ;agpur $ 33 %+, ?ist. ;agpur,
aharashtra.
a0asthan tate ines and inerals 5td, a0asthan Dalore
C$#*$*, Danpath, 5al Bothi, Daipur $ "%" %.?ist. Daipur,a0asthan.
Table 3 : Pro.u#tio% o$ Fluorite *-ra.e. a%. Co%#e%trate/
2((4(8 to 2((41( *+ State/
(Euantit in tonnes! value in s. =)
tate
Eua nt it Aalue Eua ntit Aalue Eua nt it
Aalue
"#$
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F567I'8
24$# 2#$* 2*$%(:)
"#$4
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Table ' : Pro.u#tio% o$ Fluorite *-ra.e. a%. Co%#e%trate/2((84( a%. 2((41(
*+ Se#tor"State"Ditri#t/(Euantit in tonnes! value in s. )
tate >?istr ic t
2#$* 2*$
% : );o. of mines Eu an ti t Aalue ;o. of Eu an ti t Aalue
Fluorite ('otal)
I%.ia 2 ( 1('3'1 3 1382 1'8182
:ublic sector 2 * ** %3"3% " %"4#2 %3#%#2
Fluorite (/raded)
I%.ia 1 3 1 1)2 2 ' 21(
:ublic sector % " %4 %+2 2 3* * 2%44
5a6 ara6tr a 1 3 1 1)2 1 ' 32 21)1
Chandrapur % " %4 %+2 % 3* "2 2%+%
R a7 a t 6 a% 1 ' 2(
Dalore % 3 2 *
Fluorite (Concentrates)
I%.ia 1 81 ' 881) 1 8 8 12'12
:ublic sector % #% 3 ##4%+ % #4 # %23%2
-u7 ar at 1 81 ' 881) 1 8 8 12'12
Aadodara % #% 3 ##4%+ % #4 # %23%2
Table ) : 5i%e46ea. Sto# o$ Fluorite
2((41( *P/ *+ State/(In tonnes)
tate 9 t the beginning 9t the end of the e ar of the ear
+ENEFICI0TION
5ow grade fluorite produced is used after beneficiation in the
industries. /?C has a beneficiation plant of %,#2, tp capacit
located at Badipani to produce acid gradeI%.ia 133' 38
an d metallurgical grade fluorite, analsing
aharashtra %""3
*2.+ to *+.+ 1 CaF2
and # to *"1 CaF2
,
respectivel. -esides, it has facilit to produce2
2
2
FC powder analsing + to #+1 CaF
starch
5ININ- briquettes (#%1 CaF min) and silicate briquettes
9mbadungar Fluorspar mine in /u0arat owned b /?C is the
largest fluorite mine in the(4*1 , CaF min).
countr. ining is carried out b opencast method, using heav earth moving equipment of
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.* cu m, .%4 cu m hdraulic eGcavaters with
4 tonnes dumpers.
aharashtra tate ining Corporation (C) operates
?ongargaon fluorite mines manuall in Chandrapur district,
aharashtra. 'he run$of$mine was hand sorted for marketing.
hen in operation, 5 carries out semi$ mechanised
opencast mining in Barara, 'avidar and 5akhawas areas in Dalore
district, a0asthan. Fluorite of different grade is obtained manuall b
hand breaking and sorting method.
5 has a :ilot -eneficiation :lant
2
located at Aillage Aerdha, about 2# km from ?ungarpur to
process the mineral re0ects ($21 CaF ) ling in the mine. 'he
plant has
%$%+ tpd capacit to produce fluorite powder2
analsing #$#+1 CaF . ;o production was reported in 2*$%.
'he hand$picked high grade ore from ?ongargaon mine of
C is beneficiated in a beneficiation plant of >s 9;-7
Corporation 5td, situated at aregaon, Boradi, ;agpur district, to
produce fluorite concentrate.
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CONSU5PTION
Fluorite consumption was 4%,4 tonnes in
2*$%. 'he ma0or consuming industr is the chemical industr
which accounted for more than
4#1 of the total consumption reported. Industrwise consumption offluorite is given in 'able$.
Table : Re9orte. Co%u9tio% o$ Fluorite
2((4(8 to 2((41( *+ I%.utrie/
(In tonnes) Industr
24$# 2#$*() 2*$%(:)
0ll I%.utrie (((( 1((( 1((
carbons (HFCs) hdrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and
fluoropolmers. -ut, owing to environmental concerns, part of
chlorofluoro$ carbons (CFCs) are replaced b HCFCs. HF is used in
the manufacture of uranium tetrafluoride required to make nuclear fuel
and fission eGplosives. It is also used in stainless pickling, petroleumalklation, glass etching, oil < gas well treatment and as etcher>cleaner
in electronic industr.
HF is used in the manufacture of a host of fluorine chemicals used
in dielectrics, metallurg, wood preservatives, herbicides,
mouthwashes, deca$preventing dentifrices, plastics and water
fluoridation.
9llo steel " (%2) " (%2)
9lF"
manufactured from acid grade fluorite
9luminium
Cement
% (")
4 (3)
% (")
#+ (3)
%(")
is used in electroltic recover of aluminium. 7n
an average, world wide consumption of fluorides is
about 2% kg for ever tonne of aluminium
Chemica l + (3) + (3) + (3) 8lectrode " (#)
" (#) " (#) Ferro$allos % (+) % (+) 2 (+)
Foundr " (#) 2 (#) 2 (#)
produced. 'his ranged from % to %2 kg per tonne
in a modern pre$baked aluminium smelter and about 3 kg in an old oderberg
smelter without scrubber.
2
Ceramic grade fluorite containing #+ to *+1/lass 2 (+) 2 (+) 2 (+) CaF is used in ceramic industr as a fluG and as
Iron < steel 23 () 2 () 2# ()
Figures rounded off.
Data collected on non-statutory basis.
Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in organised sector
reporting* consumption.
(*Includes actual reported consumption and/or estimates made
wherever required.
SPECIFIC0TIONS-I has prescribed I #+#4 $ %**" (First evision, reaffirmed
%***) for acid grade fluorite for use in chemical industries, and I
3+43 $ %*#* (econd evision, reaffirmed 2") for fluorite in
metallurgical industries.
USES"
9cid grade fluorite is used as a feedstock in the manufacture of
hdrofluoric acid (HF) and to produce aluminium fluoride (9lF ). 'he
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ma0or use of HF is for the production of a wide range of fluorocarbon
chemicals, including hdrofluoro$
an opacifier in the production of flat glass, white or opal glass and
enamels.
etallurgical grade fluorite is used primaril as fluGing agent b
steel industr. It is added to slag to make it more reactive through
increased fluidit. Fluorite of different grades is used in themanufacture of aluminium, cement and glass fibres. It is also used in
the melt shop b foundr industr.
INDUSTR;
an fluorine$based chemicals like hdrofluoric acid, aluminium
fluoride, crolite, sodium silicofluoride and hdrofluorosilicic acid
were produced b chemical and fertili&er industries in the countr.
In addition to material produced indigenousl, substantial quantit
of high grade fluorite was also imported to meet the demand of thefluorine$ based chemical industries.
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EN
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agreements with China and India to finance the shutdown of CFC
production facilities in the two countries during the neGt ten ears.
'he 6nited ;ations 8nvironment :rogramme (6;8:) has
prepared a ontreal :rotocol Handbook that provides additional
detail and eGplanation of the provisions. CI8I;=s 'hematic /uide on
7&one ?epletion and /lobal 8nvironmental Change presents an in$
depth look at causes, human and environmental effects, and polic
responses to stratospheric o&one depletion.
=OR>D RE
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Source: !ineral "ommodity #ummaries$ %&'&. Table 8 : =orl. Pro.u#tio% o$ Fluorite
*+ Pri%#i9al Cou%trie/
(In L tonnes)
sta tes . 7ther principal producing countries were
ongo lia, outh 9frica, ussia, pain, ;amibia
and Bena. 'he world reserves and production of
fluorite are given in 'ables 4 and #, respectivel.
5e?i
#oeGi che m 9- oppened an 9lF plant at
atamoros, 'amaulipas as part of downstream
eGpansion. 'he eGport oriented plant has a
, tp
capacit.
Sout6
Countr
=orl.: Total
24
)((
2#
(((
2 *
-ra&il
China "2 "2+ "2
Ir a n #
Bena M # + % +
e Gico * " " % + # %
oroc c o 4 * +
ongol ia " + + " 3
;a mib ia
ussia
outh 9frica
%
%*
% % *
*e/%%
#
epain % + % %
7ther countries % 4 3 2
2
4
"
stud of proposed ;okeng Fluorspar ine in
separate deposits (7utwash Fan and :lattekop deposits) would be
developed as a mine compleG
Source: orld !ineral )roduction$ %&&-%&&+.
@ :,ports.
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E?9ort
FOREI-N TR0DE Table 1( : E?9ort o$ 0lui%iu Fluori.e
*+ Cou%trie/
8Gports of fluorite rose to 2,23 tonnes in
8Gports were mainl to Ital (41) and -angladesh (21). 8Gportsof aluminium fluoride were #,%2# tonnes in 2*$% and #,3%4 tonnesin
Countr
E t Aalue E t Aalue( t ) (s.=) ( t ) (s.=)
the previous ear. 8Gports were mainl to ;ew Nealand (1),
-ra&il (%41) and 698 (21). 8Gports of hdrofluoric acid in 2*$%
were 44 tonnes against 4%3 tonnes in the previous ear. ;o eGports
of sodium fluoride were reported during 2*$% ('ables * to %2).
I9ort
Imports of fluorite decreased to %.34 lakh tonnes in 2*$% as
compared to %.+3 lakh tonnes in the previous ear. Imports were
mainl from China (+31) and Bena ("%1). Imports of aluminium
fluoride increased to 23,%3 tonnes in 2*$% from 2",23# tonnes in
the previous ear. Imports were mainl from China (*+1). imilarl,
imports of hdrofluoric acid also increased to 2,*2 tonnes in
2*$% from
4% tonnes in the previous ear. ;o import of sodium fluoride was
reported during 2#$* and
2*$% ('ables $ %" to %+).
Table : E?9ort o$ Fluorite
*+ Cou%trie/
0ll Cou%trie 8'1 12') 8128 '('
;ew Nealand "%+% 2424"2 3#4+ """2%
698 %#+ %2%42 %2" 4#%*
-ra&il O O %"+4 4%*"*
Dapan 3 2 " 32*33 2 + 2%4%#
:akistan O O 2 %"##
;epal O O % + +
Aietman O O % 2 +
-ahrain %+ %"#+4 O O
/erman % 2 3 O O
Borea, ep. of %3#+ %3"23 O O 7ther
countries % " * % *
Table 11 : E?9ort o$ So.iu Fluori.e
*+ Cou%trie/
Countr
E t Aalue E t Aalu
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(
(s.= ( t (s.=
0ll Cou%trie 2 ' )8'3 2#$* 2*$%
Countr2#$* 2*$%
E t Aalue E t Aalue( t ) (s.=) ( t ) (s.=)
Iran 2 + " # "
0ll Cou%trie
Ital
2(3
13(
O
2(2'
18 121 Ital " % 4 * 4
;epal " " 2 Israel
%*+ 3 %2
-angladesh % " % 3 %2
;etherl ands 2 4 +
-ra&il O O 2 " ;igeria 2 " 3 *
;epal "
2 " "
%#
:akistan 2 + 3 3
audi 9rabia O O 3 audi 9rabia 2 # 4
Bena O O 2
ria * 2 2 698 O O % #
China 2
+ O O 'hailand 2 %3%
'an&ania %
2 2 O O 'urke % %"*3
7ther countries O O @@
% 7ther @@ 2 3
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'hailand # "* %#%
3*2#
:akistan 4%*% %"
%"2
ongolia " +2*" 4 *"
Hong Bong %#
2%3* + 4+4
ussia " +*# 3 +*2
6B # 4 + 4 2 342
/erman " 4*44 % 3""
pain % 244+ 2 "*3
7ther countries 3
%%%% #
22 *3
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Table 1' : I9ort o$ 0lui%iu Fluori.e
*+ Cou%trie/
Table 1) : I9ort o$ @.ro$luori# 0#i.
*+ Cou%trie/
Co
untr
2#$*
2*$%
E t AalueE t Aalue( t ) (s.=)( t ) (s.=)
Co
un
tr
2#$*
2*$%
E t AalueE t Aalue
( t ) (s.=)( t ) (s.=)
;etherl ands % % O
7ther countries @ % O
0ll Cou%trie 232'81'2'()2 2'1'(1(2'21
0ll Cou%trie 1
'2( 22 132
China 2%*
%"+2
22*2
%%"4#"China "2+3%
%%#*#4
Indonesia %2
*4+
%2%
3#22 /erman
-elgium
6B
3
O
+ 3 4
O
2
@@
" %
% %
Chinese
'aipei>
'aiwan
69 @@ " 3
ingapore % 2%#%
/erman * %2
O O69 % %#2"
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FUTURE OUT>OOK'he resources of fluorite in India are limited and grades of fluorite produced do
not meet the specifications of the chemical industr which is the bulk consumer of
fluorite. 9mbadungar Fluorspar ine of /?C is the onl domestic source of
acid grade fluorite,
slightl inferior in qualit with high phosphorus content. Hence, to meet the
requirements, the domestic chemical industr will have to depend both qualitativel
and quantitativel, on imported fluorite in the coming ears, both for direct use and
for blending with the domestic acid grade fluorite.