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Inclusive Development

Tulasi Sharan SigdelNASC

Outline

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Definitions and Meaning of Development Measures of Development Core values of Development Objectives of Development Inclusive development

What is development?

quantity vs quality vs both? static vs dynamic? economic vs multi-dimensional?

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What is development?

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A dynamic process of desirable change: structural and behavioural/functional

Economic growth, reduction of poverty and inequality

Change for better life (Quality of life) Enlarging people’s choices Place specific, person specific and time

specific

Development Debate

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Conventional thinking Economic growth Industrialization Basic needs

New thinking in development Development as freedom Capability approach of ‘Sen’: Capability to function

is what matters for status as a poor/non-poor person and it goes beyond availability of commodities

Capabilities: freedom in terms of choice to function

Inclusive development

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Social inclusion is the removal of institutional barriers and the enhancement of incentives to increase the access of diverse individuals and groups to development opportunities (WB, 2002)

Social inclusion is a means to shift the relationships between people and the institutions that shape the opportunity structure of their social, political and economic world (Unequal citizens, WB & DFID) that embody them towards greater equity.

Human development Human development is defined the

process of improving the quality of life of the people and enlarging the human choices.

Human development index comprises the three key components; Income Adult literacy Life expectancy

Sen’s capabilities approach

‘Capability to function’ is what really matters for the status as a poor or non poor people.

Sen defines capabilities as the freedom that a person in terms of the choice of functioning and capability of functioning (that reflects the various things a person may value doing and being)

Capability-based approach

Value in well-being. Well-being defined as a combination of different functioning or what one manages to do or be.

Capability reflects a person’s freedom and capacity to choose between different ways of living.

Pluralistic conception of progress, i.e., “Many different things are simultaneously valuable policy implication (example): deprivation and vulnerability are major concerns because they restrict capability and freedom.

Sen’s five distinct types of freedom

Political freedoms Economic facilities Social opportunities Transparency guarantees, and Protective security

Empowerment approach

Empowerment approach focuses on enhancing individual entitlements, capabilities, rights and freedoms.

One of the pillars of the human development.

Creates the conditions necessary to enable the poor to take the advantage of poverty reduction opportunities by strengthening their socio-cultural, economic and political capabilities.

Empowerment index

Economic empowerment Access and control over productive resource Access to financial resources Access to electrification Employment (non-farm) Income

Political empowerment Voter turnout in national election Number of candidacy per seat in local election

Cont…

Socio-cultural empowerment Educational attainment Health status

Infant mortality Child under nutrition Sanitation

Information communication Participation in local organization

Meaning of development

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Human Development Index

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Life longevity Adult literacy Income for good life

Core Values of Development

Sustenance: The Ability to meet basic needs

- Expand people’s capabilities and opportunities to meet basic needs

Self-esteem: To be a Person

- Self-respect- not being used as a tool by others

Freedom : freedom from poverty, illiteracy, ill health, discrimination and exploitation

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Objectives of inclusive Development

To increase the availability and widen the distribution of basic life-sustaining goods

To raise levels of living To expand the range of economic and social

choices

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Changing rule of game in development

04/19/23Source: setopati.com

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NASC 2014

Inclusive development: inclusion and empowerment

Social InclusionSocial Inclusion: changes – at the system level – in the external institutional environment or the rules that determine distribution of assets, capabilities and voice necessary for WPE to exercise agency.

EmpowermentEmpowerment: changes – at community level – in the internal self-perception and sense of agency of citizens’ including WPE and their access to assets, capabilities and voice.

Negotiation for more inclusive & equitable development

Gender and socially inclusive citizens’ rights to development

Inclusive Development as justice

Micro/ Macro

Sameness and

difference

Recognition and

redistribution

Inclusive development: how?

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Inclusive developme

nt

Inclusive developme

nt

Inclusive development and service delivery

Issues of public service and development Physical accessibility Availability of human resources Availability of material resources Organizational capacity Social accountability Relevance of the utilization of services Continuity and time of interventions Technical quality

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Thank you !!!