9.1 *How Did Industrialization Impact The American Economy?

• Interdependent Regional Markets• Households Consumer

• Capitalism

• Technology Improved–Transportation–Communication–Production

{Invest – Own

Risk

Profit

*Manifest Destiny: ID Trails

• Santa Fe - trade

• Utah - Mormons

• Oregon- By 1846 >10,000 Americans

in Oregon Territory- “54’ 40’ or fight”- 49th parallel

Map p283

9.2 *ID America’s “Manifest Destiny” & its Motives

Physical expansion to our natural

borders• Geography / God / Destiny (Chauvinism)• An “Empire of Liberty”• Economic Development• Land for a growing nation• National Security, Nationalism• Opportunity (Panic of 1837)• Expansion of slavery

*Describe N. American Relations

• Black Hawk War - NA resistance east of the Miss. R ends

• Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851

• Plains Indians - Apache, Cheyenne, Sioux, Lakota

- “middle ground”

- “Make a Treaty; Break a Treaty”

9.3 *Describe Texas as a Province of Mexico

• Spanish Mission System Collapsed after the Mex. Rev (1820) --the “Presidio”

• Mexican Independence and the Monroe Doctrine

• Pop: N.A.’s , Mexican, Mestizo, Americans – (Tejanos)

• Far away from Mexico, Closer to US• 1820’s: Empresarios (Moses Austin) - Land Agents bought and sold land in Texas - Agreement when you buy:• become Mexican citizens - obey Mexican laws, pay taxes• become catholic

- recruit Americans- “old 300”

- Stephen Austin

- by early 1830’s – 30K Americans in Texas

- “GTT”

• resentment towards Americans in Texas grows:

- Texans importing slavery into Texas, not complying with agreement, cultural differences, Mexico refuses US offers to buy Texas.

*Describe the Texan Rebellion 1835-36

• Santa Anna’s (1830) policies toward Texas: cancelled land grants, cancelled constitution, jails S Austin,sent an army to San Antonio in response to Texan protests.

• Alamo1835, - Goliad ,1836

• Sam Houston

- Houston’s strategy

- San Jacinto

- 9/36 Treaty of Velasco established the Republic of Texas (1836 - 1844) –the “Lone Star Republic”

• 1838 requested Annexation

• Tyler / Congress annex Texas 1844

• 12/45 – a state (Polk)

9.4 *Mexican War 1845-1848: Causes

Polk :• Texas Annexation and Statehood 1844-45 • Rio Grande / Nueces Border Dispute• Slidell $$$ offer -- rejected• Presence of American troops at the border

War Hawks - Nationalism and Manifest Destiny - Slavery expansionists

*ID Military Efforts:too much to defend

• Winfield Scott

- central Mexico

- Vera Cruz

- Mexico City

• Stephen Kearny

- SW US /northern Mexico

- southern Calif.

• Zachary Taylor

- northern Mexico

- Monterrey

- Buena Vista

• John Fremont

- California

California’s Story

• Mexican territory until 1846• Rebellion led by americans with US military

support - Kearney and Fremont - Republic of California –Sonoma- “ Bear Flag

Republic”

• Gold discovered 1848 ---the “49ers” - San Francisco• Sept. 1849 applied for statehood – (1850)• By 1850 population had grown to 85,000

*ID Results – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

• Rio Grande is the border• “Mexican Cession”

--parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona, N Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming.

• US $15 Million to Mexico• Mexico accepted US claims to Texas, California

1853: Gadsen purchase (10mil)

10.1 *ID the various developing opinions in America about the extension of Slavery into the

“Mexican Cession”

Sectionalism, Slavery + “The Mexican Cession”:• Failure of the Wilmot Proviso (1846)• Popular Sovereignty• “Free Soilers” (1848) – (anti-expansionists)• Missouri Compromise (1820)?• Abolitionism• Growing slave resistance in the south

*ID Sectional Issues that led to the Clay’s Compromise of 1850

• California statehood

• Texas land dispute

• Washington DC

• New Mexico/Utah territories

• Nat’l Fugitive Slave Law -state laws

*Describe the Terms of the Compromise of 1850

CALHOUN WEBSTER

DOUGLAS

C

L

A

Y

Pg. 308

*Growth of Anti-Slavery feelings & Abolitionism

• “Personal Liberty” Laws in northern states• Underground Railroad• Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

- Harriett Beecher Stowe

• Fredrick Douglass

- Narrative of the Life (1845)

*Describe the Kansas – Nebraska Act of 1854

• Stephen Douglas’ motives:

* his Presidential hopes

- promotes Popular Sovereignty solution

( Slavery ≠ Northern Climate )

* his personal motives

- Land / RR development from Chicago into the territories

K-N Act -1854

• Kansas – Nebraska Territory organized• Popular Sovereignty Principle used to

determine the slavery issue in each territory• Based on Popular Sovereignty; in effect,

repealing the Missouri Compromise 36/30 Line

• Resulted in “Bleeding Kansas”

What was “ Bleeding Kansas”

• sponsored migration into Kansas by both sides

• mini civil war by vigilantes in Kansas territory to drive the other side out

• “Bleeding Kansas”

-Lecompton (pro-slavery)

-Topeka, Lawrence (free )• John Brown

10.3 *Creation of the Republican Party

• Anti-Expansionists and Abolitionists from both Democratic and Whig

- “Free Soilers”

• Presidential Election Trends

- N / S

- 1848, 1852, 1856

- 1860

p 320-Chart

W

Northern WhigsNorthern Democrats

Free Soilers

Southern WhigsSouthern Democrats

Taylor (W)/Fillmore

Pierce (D) Buchanan (D) Lincoln (R)

Presidents

• 24-JQ Adams Nat’l Rep.• 28/36- AJ Dem• 36-Van Buren Dem• 40-Harrison /Tyler Whig• 44-Polk Dem• 48-Taylor/Fillmore Whig• 52-Pierce Dem• 56-Buchanan Dem• 60-Lincoln Rep.

10.4 *ID the Importance of:

• Dred Scott Case -1857 - slaves are property, not citizens; no standing in court

- Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional

- Roger Taney / CJ of SC –the 5th amendment

• Lecompton Constitution - it allowed for slaves in Kansas territory to be kept

- it was rejected by the majority “Free” settlers in Kansas by vote

- but then, supported by Pres. Buchanan

Pg. 332Taney

*Describe the Importance of the Lincoln – Douglas Debates

• Illinois / 7

• Lincoln-National Legislation

to undo the Immoral

System

- for US Senate seat 1858

- after the Dred Scott decision

• Douglas- Popular Sovereignty concept

cancels the Dred Scott ruling * ”there can be no slavery if the states don’t support it with their laws”

- The Freeport Doctrine

b/c of the debates:

• Lincoln becomes nationally known as an anti-slave candidate

• Douglas loses southern support for his attempt at the presidency in 1860

1860 Election SecessionNov 1860 March 1861

Buchanan Lincoln

• SC secedes 12/60

Miss 1/61

FL

Ala

GA 2/61

LA

TEX• Confederacy formed : 2 /61

VA 4/61

ARK, TENN, NC 5/61

** Define : “Border States”

*ID Events of 1850-1860

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin• “Bleeding Kansas”• Charles Sumner• Dred Scott Case• Lecompton Constitution

• L / D debates• John Brown• 1860 Election• Southern Secession• Buchanan’s inaction