9 pperevised
Transcript of 9 pperevised
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Safety And Health Officer
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Safety And Health Officer Certificate Course
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Learning Objectives
• To define what is personal protective equipment
• To state the position of PPE in the hierarchy of hazard control
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• To describe the management and legal issues of PPE
• To select appropriate body protection equipments
• To demonstrate the PPE equipments
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Scope
• Introduction to PPE
• Body protection
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• Respiratory Protection
• Special Work Clothing
• Introducing PPE to Workplace
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What Is Personal Protective Equipment?
• Devices and garments to protect workers from injuries.
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• Designed to protect
• Eyes, Face, Head, Ears, Feet, Hands and Arms, Respiratory System and Whole body.
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What Is Personal Protective Equipment?
PPE includes
• Goggles, Face shields, Safety glasses, Hard hats, Safety shoes, Gloves, Vests, Respirators, Earplugs and Earmuffs.
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Respirators, Earplugs and Earmuffs.
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PPE
PPE SHOULD BE A HAZARD PROTECTION
OF LAST RESORT
• Not to be used permanently as a substitute for maintaining a safe and healthy work environment
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maintaining a safe and healthy work environment
• Use only when the work environment cannot be made safer
E.g. through hazard elimination engineering, administration or by limiting work exposure
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Problem With PPE
• If PPE is used as the first option without reducing hazard at source:
• Risk to workers if PPE fails and failure not detected.
• Cause employees to believe they are "safe"
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• Cause employees to believe they are "safe" and may take higher risks.
• Result in worse consequences if people fail or forget to wear equipment.
• Will shift the responsibility for safe working condition from the employer to the employee.
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What To Protect From?
Any insult to the external (surface) or
internal part of the body:
• Impact (e.g. flying & falling objects, knocks & bumps)
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bumps)
• Chemicals hazardous to health (gases and liquid)
• Radiation (IR & NIR) (e.g. heat, high intensity light, noise)
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What To Protect From?
• Dust (e.g. mineral dust)
• Wet (e.g. slip)
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• Sharp objects
• Falling from heights
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Considerations in the Selection Of PPE
• Selection of PPE is dependent on the hazard identification, risk assessment and control measures implemented
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• PPE is used to complement/combination of other control measure
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Considerations in the Selection Of PPE
• PPE selected must be carried out under a PPE programme
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• PPE must be certified products to ensure acceptable level of protection from hazards
• Limitations of PPE must be identified adhered to
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Ensuring Employee Compliance
• Make it easy for employee to comply
• Factors to consider:
• Understand the necessity to wear the PPE
• Easy and comfortable with minimum
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• Easy and comfortable with minimum interference to work
• Pre-purchase employee feedback on equipment
• Psychological: employee vanity, virility
• Incentives and disincentives on wearing the PPE
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Training on PPE
• Hazard recognition in the work environment
• What control measures can be taken
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• The type of PPE suitable for use
• The limitations of PPE
• Demonstration of correct use
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Training on PPE
• Practicing using the PPE
• Cleaning, maintaining and repairing PPE
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PPE
• Use of PPE in dealing with emergencies
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PPE IS PERSONAL!
Fit
• PPE must be properly fitted to ensure reliable protection.
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Care
• Issued on a personal basis.
• Individuals responsible for the day to day use, handling, cleaning, storage and maintenance, reporting of defects.
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MULTIPLE USER PPE
• Should be correctly used, handled, stored, cared for and maintained.
• Appropriate procedures on suitable
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• Appropriate procedures on suitable cleaning and sterilisation must be provided.
• Above must be observed at all times.
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Legal Requirements
Factories And Machinery (Safety, Health
And Welfare Regulation, 1970
• Regulation 32
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• Clothing
• Safety helmets
• Gloves
• Eye protection
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Legal Requirements
OSHA1994: USECHH Regulations 2000
• PART V - Action To Control Exposure
• Reg.16(1) Approved personal protective
equipment shall be used
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equipment shall be used
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Face and Eye Protection
• Goggles, spectacles and face shieldsare used for protection from injury by:
• Physical (flying or falling objects)
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• Physical (flying or falling objects)
• Chemical agents
• Radiation
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Face and Eye Protection
• Has the widest use and the widest range of styles, models and types
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• Face shields must be used in combination with basic eye protection
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Head ProtectionHelmets and Bump Caps
Protective helmets are intended to:
• Protect the head from the force of impact of falling objects or from electric shock
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falling objects or from electric shock
• Shield the head and hair from entanglement in machinery or exposure to environments
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Head ProtectionHelmets and Bump Caps
Examples:
• Construction work, logging, mining, metal or chemical production, congested multi-storied
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• Construction work, logging, mining, metal or chemical production, congested multi-storied process area or areas with low slung pipes or headroom, etc.
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Headwear Care And Maintenance
• Helmets should be inspected for cracks(even hairline cracks), signs of impact or rough treatment, and wear before use.
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• Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays(sunlight) and chemicals can shorten the life expectancy of thermoplastic helmets.
• Solvents can damage the shell. Be careful when using them for cleaning.
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Hands And ArmsGloves, Gauntlets, Mitts, Wrist Cuffs,
Armlets
Hazards
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• Abrasion; temperature extremes; cuts and punctures; impact; chemicals; electric shock; skin irritation, disease or contamination; vibration; risk of product contamination.
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Hands And ArmsGloves, Gauntlets, Mitts, Wrist Cuffs,
Armlets
Materials
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• Leather Abrasion protection, heat resistance• PVC Abrasion protection, water and limited
chemical resistance• Rubber Degreasing, paint spraying• Cloth/nylon Hand grip• Latex Electrical insulation work
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Protective FootwearProtection For Feet And Toes
Options
• Safety boots and shoes with steel toe caps, gaiters, leggings, spats and clogs. conductive
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gaiters, leggings, spats and clogs. conductive shoe.
Patterns
• Anti-slip, anti-static, electrically conductive or insulating.
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Protective FootwearProtection For Feet And Toes
Hazards
• Wet, electrostatic build-up; cuts and punctures; falling objects, heavy loads; metal
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• Wet, electrostatic build-up; cuts and punctures; falling objects, heavy loads; metal and chemical splash; vehicles.
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Fall Protection SystemsPersonal lifelines
• Body support
• Lifelines
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• Lifelines
• Construction of body support
• Inspection and testing
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Hearing ProtectionEar muffs, Ear plugs, Helmets
Hazard
• Machining, grinding, pneumatic equipment, rock drilling, piling work, hammering,
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rock drilling, piling work, hammering, generators, ventilation fans, motors, punch and brake presses.
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Hearing ProtectionEar muffs, Ear plugs, Helmets
Selection of hearing protection
(i) The characteristics of the noise(ii) Frequency of exposure
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(i) The characteristics of the noise(ii) Frequency of exposure(iii) Comfort of the user(iv) Communication needs(vi) Medical conditions
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Respiratory Protection
• A respirator is a protective face piece, hood or helmet.
• Designed to protect the wearer against:
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• Designed to protect the wearer against:
• To protect employees from breathing contaminated and / or
• Protection against particulates, vapours,
• Oxygen-deficient air
• Or combination of all the above
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Kinds Of Respirators
Air-purifying Respirators
• Have filters, cartridges, or canisters that remove contaminants from the air
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remove contaminants from the air
• Types: Particulate, Gas & Vapour, Combination
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Kinds Of Respirators
Atmosphere-supplying Respirators
• Supply clean air directly to the user from a source other than the air surrounding the user
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• Supply clean air directly to the user from a source other than the air surrounding the user
• Types: Air-Supplied, Combination, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
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Selection And Fitting Of Respirators
Selection depends on
(a) The contaminant
(b) Task
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(b) Task
(c) Operator
Protection factors depends on
(i) Face mask (1/2 face, full face)
(ii) Filter efficiency (particulates)
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Selection And Fitting Of Respirators
Fit testing important
• Individual variation
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• Individual variation
• Determines the level of protection
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Problems With Respirators
• Good only if properly fitted and worn
• Protect only those who are wearing them
• Uncomfortable, cumbersome and
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• Uncomfortable, cumbersome and interfere with communication
• Costs are substantial require
• Regular medical examinations, fit testing, training, and the proper purchasing of equipment
• Maintenance and storage
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Special Work Clothing
• Selection factors
• Materials:
• Impervious clothing
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• Impervious clothing
• Protection against heat, flame and hot metal
• Others
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Introducing of PPE to Workplace
If PPE is to be used, then:
• Write in the OSH policy on usage of PPE and communicate it to employees and visitors
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visitors
• Select the proper type of PPE
• Implement a thorough training programme
• Make certain the employees know the correct use and maintenance of the equipment
• Enforce its use
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Summary
• PPE is protection of last resort.
• PPE should be selected appropriately.
• PPE use is required by law in some situations.
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situations.
• Employees must be consulted, trained, supervised in the use of PPE and must be aware of hazards.
• PPE must be properly fitted, tested, cleansed, maintained and stored.
• Comfortable PPE will ensures its use.