9 d Eiceman Ion fragmentationenergetics.chm.uri.edu/?q=system/files/9 d Eiceman Ion... · 2020. 9....
Transcript of 9 d Eiceman Ion fragmentationenergetics.chm.uri.edu/?q=system/files/9 d Eiceman Ion... · 2020. 9....
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Ion Mobility Spectrometry Determination of Rates of Decomposition of Ions of
Explosives: The Build and the Qualification 2008-9
G.A. Eiceman, X. An, J.A. Stone1
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM1Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario Canada
CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY
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..….AND RESPONSIBLE KNOWLEDGE
PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVES
Molecular WeightMelting PointVapor PressureDecomposition TemperatureThermal ignition temperatureCrystal densityEnergy of formationEnthalpy of formationDetonation VelocityStrength and Brisance valuesOn gas ions ……….………...................nothing
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-
[M•O2-(H2O)n(N2)x]*M O2
-(H2O)n(N2)x
_ _
CRITICAL STEP IN IMS AND APCI MS
The formation of product ions
-
[M•O2-(H2O)n(N2)x]*M O2
-(H2O)n(N2)x
_ _
CRITICAL STEP IN IMS AND APCI MS
The life-times of ions
kfor
krev
If krev > kfor then no response observed
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-
[M•O2-(H2O)n(N2)x]*
_
HOW TO MEAURE ION LIFETIMES BY OBSERVING DEPENDENCE ON HEAT
OR ENERGY
Energy
Heated ions with High Field by DMS
Thermal ions with IMS
ION KINETICS BY IMS
6 7 8 9 10 11Drift Time (ms)
Rel
ativ
e In
tens
ity
291 K
287 K
283 K
277 K
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HEAT OF DISSOCIATION OF PBD
3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2
3
4
5
6
7
1/T(K) x 1000
ln k
6 7 8 9 10 11Drift Time (ms)
Rel
ativ
e In
tens
ity
291 K
287 K
283 K
277 K
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PRO
PYL
AC
ETA
TE I
N A
T 30
0 V/
cm a
nd c
onst
re
side
nce
time
Di‐t‐butyl pyridine drift time used to adjust E for constant residence time in drift region
PRO
PYL
AC
ETA
TE I
N A
T 30
0 V/
cm a
nd c
onst
re
side
nce
time
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Ion Abu
ndan
ce
Mass, Da
CANNOT QUANTITATIVELY ASSIGN ION INTENSITY DUE TO SOURCE-DRIFT CONNECTION
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SOLUTION: ISOLATE SOURCE FROM DRIFT REGION BY ION
SELECTIONION
SHUTTER No. 1
ION SHUTTER
No. 2
SOLUTION: ISOLATE SOURCE FROM DRIFT REGION BY ION
SELECTIONION
SHUTTER No. 1
ION SHUTTER
No. 2
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NMSU KINETIC IMS
Simion simulation of the IMS
NMSU KINETIC IMS
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NMSU KINETIC IMS
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[M•O2-(H2O)n(N2)x]* M O2
-(H2O)n(N2)x
__
CRITICAL STEP IN IMS AND APCI MS
krev
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--
[M- •(H2O)n(N2)x]
-
[(M-1)- •(H2O)n(N2)x][NO2- •(H2O)n(N2)x]
R.E. Ewing, G.J. Ewing, D.A. Atkinson, and G.A. Eiceman, Talanta, 2001, 54, 515-529.
-
-
[M•O2-(H2O)n(N2)x]*
[M•O2-(H2O)n(N2)x]
[M•Cl-(H2O)n(N2)x]*
CHEMISTRY OF EXPLOSIVES
[M- •(H2O)n(N2)x]
[(M-1)- •(H2O)n(N2)x][NO2- •(H2O)n(N2)x]
[M•O2-(H2O)n(N2)x]*
MISSING IN DATA BASES ON EXPLOSIVES
kct
kfrag kha
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E1 300V/cm E2 400V/cm S1 400us shutter width S2 400us shutter width
Proton Bound Dimer of Ketone at 124 C
M2H+
E1 300V/cm E2 400V/cm S1 1ms shutter width S2 400us shutter width
At 150 CM2H+
MH+
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E1 300V/cm E2 400V/cm S1 1ms shutter width S2 400us shutter width
At 166 CM2H+
MH+
E1 300V/cm E2 300V/cm S1 1ms shutter width S2 400us shutter width
M2H+
MH+
At 166 C with longer residence time
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E1 300V/cm E2 200V/cm S1 1ms shutter width S2 400us shutter width
M2H+
MH+
At 166 C still longer residence time
SUMMARY OF STUDIES 166 C
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10−9 cm3 mol−1 s−1field (V/cm) k175 0.05158200 0.05307225 0.05260250 0.05371275 0.05181300 0.04918325 0.04944350 0.05000375 0.04968400 0.04917avg_k 0.05102sd 0.00173%RSD 3.396
RATES AT 161 C
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pentanone. The enthalpy changes from NIST for the association reaction are -121, -131 amd -126 kJ/mol. The first and last are by T. McMahon and the other by M. Meot-Ner. The associated entropy changes are, respectively, -149, -141 and -131 J/(K mol). We obtain 120.6 kJ/mol for Ea, which can be equated to ∆Uo, as (H = U + PV) in
∆Ho = ∆Uo + ∆(PV) = Ea + ∆(nRT) = Ea + (∆n)RT.
For the dissociation M2H+ → MH+ + M, ∆n = 2 – 1 = +1.Then, taking 158 C, the midpoint of our temperature range, (∆n)RT = 1 x 8.314 x 431 = 3.6 kJ/mol. Hence, for the dissociation reaction, ∆Ho = 124.2 kJ/mol.
This is right in the middle of the literature values,
VALIDATION OF KINETIC IMS
CONCLUSIONS ON IMS
1. Plot ln k versus 1/T to obtain H and S
2. Kinetics first proven with Ketones matches literature by another method
3. DATA GOOD….ON TO EXPLOSIVES
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ANOTHER CONCEPT FOR REDUCED FALSE ALARMS IN IMS OR MS
AnalyzerFragmenter
AnalyzerFragmenter
DMS Drift Tube
DMS Drift Tube
AnalyzerFragmenterDMS Drift Tube
To Detect
Gas Flow from Ion Source
Ground
α>0
α<0
α=0
t2
t1
Top Electrode
Bottom Electrode
WaveformGenerator
Ground
Add DC Here
+
-
ION DECOMPOSITION BY 1 MHz ELECTRIC FIELD
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STUDIES MADE WITH SIONEX SVAC AND NMSU DMS/MS
SIONEX Corporation www.sionex.com
Sepa
ration
Field, Td
Compensation Field (Td)
ELEC
TRIC
FIE
LD H
EATI
NG
PR
OPY
L A
CET
ATE
AT
100°
C
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DMS-pre-filtered time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DMS–MS) has been used to verify the chemical composition of the ion species resolved by GC–DMS. This work focuses on the fragmentation of diaryl compounds, including diphenyl methane (DPM) and bibenzyl (BB), using information from the DMS and DMS–MS spectra of a series of aromatic compounds….. DPM–H+ is observed to undergo field-induced fragmentation in the DMS to produce C7H7
+(Bz+) and unobserved neutral benzene with a low energy barrier. In contrast, BB·H+ fragments to C8H9
+ and benzene with a higher energy barrier. Calculated barriers and experimental results are in qualitative agreement. …... It is suggested that CID in DMS can further enhance DMS analytical performance
Shai Kendler, Gordon R. Lambertus, Barry D. Dunietz, Stephen L. Coy, Erkinjon G. Nazarov, Raanan A. Millerc and Richard D. Sacks
Fragmentation pathways and mechanisms of aromatic compounds in atmospheric pressure studied by GC-DMS and DMS-MS. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2007, 263, (2-3), 137-147.
Nor
mal
ized
Inte
nsity
Mass-to-Charge
MA
SS S
PEC
TRA
FR
OM
DM
S M
S O
F PR
OPY
L A
CET
ATE
A
T 10
0°C
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M2H+ 205
CH3CO+ 43
MASS ASSIGNMENT OF DMS MS OF PROPYL ACETATE AT 100°C
ion mass Da
MH+(H2O) n 103 121 1390 1 2 n
CH3COOH•H+(H2O)n61 79 97 115
0 1 2 3 nSepa
ratio
n Fi
eld
MS for CID of M2H+ (m/z 205) from DMS/MS at 100°C
Mass-to-Charge
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Sepa
ration
Field, Td
Compensation Field (Td)
ELEC
TRIC
FIE
LD H
EATI
NG
PR
OPY
L A
CET
ATE
AT
100°
CRe
tention Time (m
in)
Compensation Field (Td)
GC DMS STUDIES (AVOIDING IMPURITIES)
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Retention Time (m
in)
Compensation Field (Td)
GC DMS STUDIES (AVOIDING IMPURITIES)
Retention Time (m
in)
Compensation Field (Td)
GC DMS STUDIES (AVOIDING IMPURITIES)
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Sepa
ration
Field (T
d)
Gas Temperature (°C) APP
EAR
AN
CE
FIEL
D F
OR
FR
AG
MEN
T IO
NS
WIT
H T
d A
ND
GA
S TE
MPE
RA
TUR
E
Sepa
ration
Field (T
d)
Gas Temperature (°C)
Ethyl hexanoate
Ethyl propionate
Propyl butyate
Propyl propionate
Hexyl acetateAmyl acetateButyl acetate
Propyl acetate
APP
EAR
AN
CE
FIEL
D F
OR
FR
AG
MEN
T IO
NS
WIT
H T
d A
ND
GA
S TE
MPE
RA
TUR
E
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M2H+
MASS ASSIGNMENT OF DMS MS OF PROPYL ACETATE AT 100°C
slow
MH+(H2O) n
CH3COOH•H+(H2O)n
Sepa
ratio
n Fi
eld
fast
M2H+
MASS ASSIGNMENT OF DMS MS OF PROPYL ACETATE AT 100°C
MH+(H2O) n
CH3COOH•H+(H2O)n
Sepa
ratio
n Fi
eld
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Retention Time (m
in)
Compensation Field (Td)
CO
NTR
OL
WIT
H M
ETH
YL
AC
ETA
TE A
T 10
0°C
Retention Time (m
in)
Compensation Field (Td) CO
NTR
OL
WIT
H M
ETH
YL
AC
ETA
TE A
T 10
0°C
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Retention Time (m
in)
Compensation Field (Td)
CO
NTR
OL
WIT
H M
ETH
YL
AC
ETA
TE A
T 10
0°C
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
JAIME RODRIGUEZERKIN NAZAROV
Funding: URI Center for Excellence in Explosives Detection, Mitigation, and Response